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{"title":"Assessing the impact of retrogressive thaw slump on soil structure by analyzing the multifractal characteristics of soil particle size distribution on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate warming has intensified retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) in permafrost regions of the globe, especially in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), resulting in severe soil erosion. Evaluating their impact on soil structure is vital for comprehending local ecological shifts and ensuring engineering stability. In this study, soil samples were collected from different depths in different positions from a RTS on the QTP, after which the concentration, uniformity, and symmetry of the soil particle size distribution (PSD) were quantified via multifractal theory. The results showed that the erosion depth of the RTS was less than 40 cm by comparing the differences in the multifractal dimensions of the soil at different depths between the undisturbed and eroded areas. The erosion effects of the RTS led to an increase in the degree of variation in the soil in the vertical direction and the fine graining of the soil. The soil heterogeneity in the eroded area initially sharply increased, followed by a gradual decrease. The PSD of eroded soil tended to be more concentrated in certain specific sub ranges, resulting in an increase of local heterogeneity of soil structure and a decrease of the soil shear strength. The multifractal parameters, including <em>D₁/D₀</em> and Δ<em>α</em> are recommended as indicators for quantitatively evaluating the erosion effects on soil structure from the retrogressive RTS on the QTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of best management practices on ephemeral gully and sheet/rill erosion using the AnnAGNPS model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce the potential threat of soil loss due to ephemeral gullies, it is crucial to adopt Best Management Practices (BMPs) that prevent damage to landscapes by reducing sediments load. The current research evaluated the impact of five BMPs, including cover crops, grassed waterways, no-till, conservation tillage, and riparian buffer strips for reduction of sediment load from sheet/rill, and ephemeral gully erosion in an agricultural watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada. The study aimed to automatically calibrate AnnAGNPS using genetic algorithm and the most sensitive parameters of the model identified using a combination of Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and One-At-a-Time (OAT) approach. It also utilized the calibrated model to simulate the effectiveness of BMPs in reducing the average seasonal and annual sediment loads from both sources of erosion (sheet/rill, and ephemeral gully) to determine the most effective practices. Riparian buffer strips were consistently successful in decreasing average seasonal sediment load of sheet/rill erosion, with an average reduction efficiency of 72 % in Spring, 64 % in Summer, 65 % in Fall, and 76 % in Winter. In terms of reducing average seasonal sediment load from ephemeral gully erosion, grassed waterways proved to be the most effective BMPs. They showed efficiency of 90 % in Spring; 83 % in Summer; 79 % in Fall; and 75 % in Winter. Considering the average annual sediment load, riparian buffer strips were consistently successful in decreasing average annual sediment load of sheet/rill erosion, with 69% reduction efficiency. Similarly, grassed waterways were the most effective BMPs for reducing average annual sediment load of ephemeral gully erosion, with an efficiency of 81 %. Additionally, grassed waterways were found to be the most efficient BMPs for reducing average annual total sediment load with reduction efficiency of 71 %. These results demonstrate the importance of implementing effective BMPs to address ephemeral gully erosion in watersheds where ephemeral gullies are the main source of erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow slope stabilization by arbor root Systems: A physical model study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbor root systems are known to enhance the stability of shallow slopes. The effectiveness of this slope stabilization is closely related to the morphology and size of the roots, as well as the characteristics of the slope itself. To investigate this, the study used 3D printing technology to create different types of arbor root–soil composite models and conducted a series of physical model experiments on slopes reinforced with roots. The aim was to assess how different root morphologies and sizes influenced slope stability across various gradients. Key findings include the following. (1) Slopes supported by arbor roots exhibited increased peak and residual anti-sliding forces compared to those without root reinforcement. Additionally, there was a decrease in both displacement and sliding range, demonstrating that the presence of roots provides a protective effect on slopes. This effect typically strengthens with an increase in root volume but decreases as the slope gradient becomes steeper. Overall, Tap-like root systems offered superior protection compared to Heart-like and Plate-like root systems. (2) The impact of slope gradient on the effectiveness of arbor roots for slope protection is generally more considerable than the effects of root system morphology andvolume. The slope gradient has the greatest impact on both the peak anti-sliding force provided by the roots and the displacement associated with slope instability, while the root volume is most sensitive to the area of the slide range. (3) On gentle slopes, Tap-like and Heart-like root systems were observed to enhance stability more effectively. However, on steeper slopes, Tap-like and Heart-like systems with samll root volumes, as well as Plate-like systems with large root volumes, were less favorable for stability. These findings not only deepen the understanding of how arbor roots slopes but also offer valuable insights for designing and implementing ecological slope protection projects, particularly in terms of tree planting arrangements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are volcaniclastics bad enough to make badlands?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past few decades, terrains of accentuated roughness with variety of topographical features and, due to the diversity of lithology and colors, known as badlands attract great attention not only from the scientist, but from people in general and contribute to the touristic popularization of geosites.</div><div>Badlands materials are mainly silty clays and clayey silts. However, they can be formed in volcaniclastics material too and one of the most prominent badlands developed in pyroclastic sediments is Cappadocia, Turkey. Less known are Kazar badlands, Hungary, developed in rhyolitic poorly-consolidated highly porous tuffs and Djavolja varos, Serbia developed in dacito-andesitic poorly-consolidated, poorly-sorted tuffs.</div><div>Volcaniclastic rock samples from Kazar badlands, Hungary and Djavolja varos, Serbia were analyzed with the purpose to broaden existing knowledge on materials in which badlands can form. Through analysis of eight unweathered volcaniclastic sediment samples that included petrographic characterization, content of macroelements, pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio and immersion test an attempt was made to answer the question whether volcaniclastics are “bad” enough to make badlands.</div><div>After all the analysis conducted, Kazar badlands and Djavolja varos materials have different properties, unique for each site, but are still more similar to each other than to, already known badlands materials. Similar bimodal grain size distribution of Kazar badlands and Djavolja varos reflects sediments erodibility and is making them similar to other badlands generally, while mineralogical composition and weathering processes are the main factors making these two sites a unique badlands group.</div><div>Conclusions brought in this study are opening new scientific topic and they imply that volcaniclastic material, even though site-specific, make unique badlands and that, through future research, could bring the possibility of a new badlands classification that will include only volcaniclastics and will bring up small sites like these to the existent geotouristic map.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid soil formation and carbon accumulation along a Little Ice Age soil chronosequence in southeast Alaska","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to assess the co-evolution of soil development and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation along a postglacial soil chronosequence in southeast Alaska. We hypothesize that in the early stages of soil development, larger SOC stocks are primarily found in surficial soil horizons and gradually become more abundant in subsurface horizons over time. Seven moraines were dated using dendrochronology, yielding ages of 73, 82, 89, 128, 155, 207, and 247 years. SOC and pedogenic Fe oxyhydroxide values from mature Spodosols, sampled outside the chronosequence, were used as a reference for the steady state of Spodosols in the region. From 73 to 128 years, soils were classified as Typic Cryorthents; by 155 years, as Spodic Dystrocryepts; and as Typic Haplocryods in the older moraines. A shift in SOC accumulation rates and depth distribution occurred once spodic properties developed. During the Entisol phase, most SOC stocks were concentrated in surficial horizons. After meeting spodic criteria, there was a shift toward subsurface mineral horizons, hosting over 50 % of SOC stocks. This shift in SOC depth distribution was supported by a significant positive relationship between subsurface SOC stocks and age, but not with surficial SOC stocks. Similarly, surficial SOC accumulation rates were elevated during early pedogenesis (e.g., 0.26 Mg C ha^-1 yr⁻¹), while subsurface SOC accumulation was lower (0.04 Mg C ha^-1 yr⁻¹), increasing to 0.19 Mg C ha^-1 yr⁻¹ once spodic properties were met. A significant positive correlation between pedogenic Fe and age highlights the role of SOC in enhancing the weathering of Fe-bearing minerals. Our findings support the hypothesis that subsurface SOC stocks rapidly become dominant over time with Spodosol development. This study underscores the consequences of glacier retreat on a portion of the terrestrial ecosystem, with direct impacts on carbon cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large variability in permafrost degradation over the Northern Hemisphere","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere has been degrading under climate change, affecting climatic, hydrological, and ecological systems. To reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of permafrost degradation under climate change, we quantified permafrost thermal states and active layer thicknesses using observational data covering various periods and different areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The soil temperatures at 20 cm depth in the circumpolar Arctic permafrost regions were much lower than in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The thaw period is 114 days in the circumpolar permafrost regions compared to 167 days in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The active layer thickness (ALT) was largest in transitional permafrost regions and sporadic permafrost regions, and lowest in the high latitude permafrost regions and continuous permafrost regions, and the ALT generally exhibited an increasing trend. The average ALT was 1.7 m, and increased by 3.6 cm per year in the Northern Hemisphere. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) was largest in the high-altitude permafrost regions and isolated permafrost regions, and lowest in the high latitude permafrost regions and continuous permafrost regions. The warming rate of the MAGT was largest in the high latitude regions and lowest in the high altitude regions, and gradually increased from isolated permafrost regions to continuous permafrost regions, with an average warming rate of 0.3 °C per decade for the whole Northern Hemisphere. These findings provide important information for understanding the variability in permafrost degradation processes across different regions under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond monocultures: Optimizing soil carbon sequestration with diverse planting strategies on the Loess Plateau","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monoculture plantations, often characterized by low species diversity and simple structure, are significant contributors to limited carbon stocks, forced ecosystem degradation, and reduced long-term resilience. To tackle these issues, mixed-species plantations have gained popularity as a promising strategy. However, current knowledge about the effects and mechanisms of increasing planting diversity on soil carbon storage (SCS) remains limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of scientific guidance on selecting the most appropriate mixed afforestation strategy. In this study, pure <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em> (RP) plantations and RP plantations mixed with tree species <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em> (RP-PT), shrub species <em>Forsythia suspense</em> (RP-FS) and <em>Caragana korshinskii</em> (RP-CK) were selected to assess differences of vegetation diversity, litter characteristics, soil properties, and SCS across the soil profile (0–60 cm) on the Loess Plateau, China. We used random forest analysis and variance decomposition to examine the relative effects of various environmental factors on SCS. Structural equation models (SEM) were employed to determine how these variables directly or indirectly affect SCS in mixed plantations. Our findings demonstrated that species mixtures notably enhanced SCS in RP-PT by 23.2 % and RP-CK by 27.7 % comparing with RP plantations. Soil properties, particularly soil water content and nitrogen content, emerged as the most influential factors on SCS. Litter characteristics were more impactful on SCS in the upper soil layers (0–30 cm), while vegetation diversity had a greater effect on deeper soils (30–60 cm). SEM analysis showed that the predictor variables collectively explained 67 % to 87 % of the variation in SCS, with soil properties directly influence SCS, while litter biomass, litter carbon, litter nitrogen, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) primarily indirectly affect SCS by influencing soil factors. H can also have a direct positive impact on deeper SCS. These results suggest that, given the region’s water and nutrient limitations, the optimal afforestation strategy should focus on improving water-use efficiency and nutrient availability. Incorporating a mix of coniferous and broadleaved species, as well as nitrogen-fixing species, could be an effective approach to enhancing ecological health and carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual benefits of alum, gypsum, and magnesium sulfate amendments in reducing phosphorus losses to snowmelt runoff","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) in snowmelt runoff from agricultural fields across the Canadian prairies is a major source of pollution to freshwater bodies. Soil amendments have previously been shown to reduce P loss from soils in laboratory-simulated and field snowmelt studies; however, their residual benefits beyond one snowmelt event are unknown. This study examined the effectiveness of alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄·7H₂O) in reducing P losses to snowmelt 18 months after amendment application. The study was conducted on a silty clay loam soil in Manitoba. Amendments were applied in the fall of 2020 at a rate of 2.5 Mg/ha. The amended treatments, including an unamended control with four replicates, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Daily snowmelt was collected from each field plot in the spring of 2022, volume recorded, and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH, and cation concentrations. Snowmelt DRP concentrations increased over the sampling period regardless of treatment, with higher concentrations after the soils had thawed. In the latter days of sampling, the field plots that received amendments had snowmelt DRP concentrations 9 – 31 % lower than the control treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant. Snowmelt DRP loads showed a significant positive relationship with snowmelt volume but not with DRP concentration, suggesting that DRP load is largely controlled by the snowmelt volume rather than the snowmelt DRP concentration. Our results suggest that the amendments applied at this rate were ineffective in reducing DRP loads 18 months after application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock fragment content mediates the plant effect on soil water content in the arid valley of southwest China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a crucial aspect of terrestrial ecosystems, water plays a key role in soil hydrological cycling and ecological management. However, limited knowledge exists on how soil water varies along rock fragment content (RFC) beneath plants. In this study, we investigated soil water content (SWC) and relative soil water deficit (DSWC) with four RFC levels ranging from 0 to 75 % (V/V) under four native species, including <em>A. vestita</em>, <em>B. brachycarpa</em>, <em>C. szechuanensis</em>, and <em>S. davidii</em>, and their relationships with soil physical properties and plant functional traits. Results showed that an increase in RFC significantly decreased SWC (except <em>A. vestita</em>) at soil depth of 10–50 cm and altered its vertical trend from unimodal to increasing under each plant. Notable differences in SWC between the wet and dry seasons in 75 % RFC disappeared under <em>A. vestita</em> and <em>B. brachycarpa</em>, suggesting that the RFC changed the spatiotemporal patterns of the SWC. DSWC generally decreased as soil depths deepened under <em>A. vestita</em> with shallow roots, in contrast to increasing under other deep-rooted species (<em>B. brachycarpa</em>, <em>C. szechuanensis</em>, and <em>S. davidii</em>). The seasonal variance of DSWC basically decreased with soil depth. This indicated that the plants generally deceased SWC, particularly in the wet season, and the effect depended on interspecific traits. SWC and DSWC had closely relationships with soil physical properties and plant performing. We suggest that varying RFC indirectly impacted soil water not only via altering soil structure and temperature, but also by shaping plant characteristics (especially root distribution and architecture), mediating plant effect on the spatiotemporal dynamics of SWC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks related to land use and basic environmental properties − assessment of soil carbon sequestration potential in different ecosystems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2024.108435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks are crucial for the development of wild plants and crops. This paper examines the current SOC and TN stocks and their variability within land uses under different environments, assessing the relationships between SOC and TN stocks with basic environmental properties and quantifying the magnitude of SOC sequestration potential for a better land use management. We studied 991 soil profiles, from steppe to wet mountain-soils. The land use was essential in influencing soil organic C and total N stocking, with the forestland showing the significantly highest SOC stocks specifically in mountain soils, followed by grassland and cropland. Altitude, clay content, pH and plant available phosphorous and potassium were other influencers of SOC and TN stocks. The best predictive multiple linear regression model explained 68 % of the 0.5 m depth SOC stock variability for forest, 61 % for grassland and 37 % for cropland, while Random Forest model explained 70 %, 65 %, and 28 % for the same land uses. The obtained models rank factors contribution and may be useful in management. Lands having the highest C sequestration potential occurred within fine-textured soils, mainly in croplands. The most favorable soil depth for further C sequestration is below C-saturated topsoil and this could be achieved by deep-rooting crops and conservative technologies. Additionally, changing some low-fertile soils of cropland into forestland or grassland would improve SOC sequestration. These measures might contribute to sequester additional C amounts in soils, in order to bolster initiatives for climate-change mitigation and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}