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{"title":"Soil organic carbon better described by soil mineralogy and exchangeable cations than oak restoration in California rangelands","authors":"Stewart G. Wilson ,&nbsp;Erika J. Foster ,&nbsp;Fiona O’Neill ,&nbsp;Ashely Banuelos ,&nbsp;Avalon Cook ,&nbsp;Keith Paustain ,&nbsp;Yamina Pressler ,&nbsp;Chelsea J. Carey","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rangeland restoration can influence soil organic carbon (SOC), a key component of climate resilience. However, interactions between soil pedogenic properties, restoration and SOC remain unclear. Here, we investigate oak-restoration impacts on SOC in the context of soil pedogenic properties such as exchangeable calcium or pedogenic minerals (e.g. Fe/Al-oxides) to elucidate how restoration and soil pedogenic properties influence SOC accrual in California. We analyzed 242 soil samples for total organic C, exchangeable cations, pedogenic Fe/Al and organometal complexes from 11 sites which contained both restored and unrestored plots. Linear-mixed effects model (LMM) regression revealed that, after accounting for site effects, oak restoration did not significantly increase SOC (p = 0.17), whereas organometal-Fe (p &lt; 0.001), and exchangeable Ca (p &lt; 0.001) significantly described SOC variance. Moreover, the LMM model explained substantial variance (conditional R² = 0.96), with only 10 % attributable to pedogenic soil properties, suggesting regional factors (e.g. climate, vegetation etc.) drive SOC variance, while pedogenic soil properties explain SOC variance at the plot scale. For exchangeable calcium and organometal-Al, differences in sign between R-values in Pearson’s correlation analysis and beta coefficients in LMM, suggest differential controls on SOC variance at regional versus plot scales. Results demonstrate that oak-restoration does not increase SOC within the limitations of this study. Instead, extractable cations and organometal-Fe explained plot level variability of SOC, while statewide variability of SOC was defined by regional differences in soil forming factors. These results underscore the significance of mineralogical controls on SOC following restoration, as well as highlighting regional versus plot scale controls of SOC persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking leaf‒litter‒soil stoichiometry to microbial carbon‒use efficiency across different forest types in north subtropical China","authors":"Zongxin Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Lei ,&nbsp;Yuanying Peng ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Ting He ,&nbsp;Wende Yan ,&nbsp;Peng Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in forest type influence microbial nutrient use efficiency, yet few studies have examined how the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaves, litter, and soil affect microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) across different forest types. This study examines how forest type and soil depth influence nutrient dynamics, microbial resource limitation, and microbial CUE in three representative forest types—pure <em>Pinus massoniana</em> (PM), pure <em>Quercus acutissima</em> (QA), and mixed <em>Pinus massoniana–Quercus acutissima</em> (PM-QA)—in northern subtropical China. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–30 cm) across 15 forest plots. Results showed significant differences in nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios among forest types. QA exhibited the highest carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in soil, while PM had the highest leaf and litter C:N ratio and soil N:P ratio. Litter C content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the microbial biomass C:N ratio were highest in PM-QA, contributing to the greatest microbial CUE, whereas PM had the lowest microbial CUE and the strongest nitrogen limitation. The microbial CUE of PM-QA (0.43) was 34 % higher than PM (0.32) and 14 % higher than QA (0.38), indicating improved microbial efficiency in mixed forests. Microbial resource limitation patterns revealed co-limitation by N and P, with PM experiencing the strongest P limitation. Correlation analyses showed that microbial CUE was positively associated with microbial biomass C:N ratio and vector angle but negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen (TN), soil N:P ratio, and enzyme C:N ratio. These findings highlight the role of forest type in shaping soil microbial function, with mixed forests enhancing nutrient availability, reducing resource limitation, and improving microbial CUE, ultimately contributing to soil C sequestration. This study provides new insights into how forest composition regulates microbial function and nutrient cycling, with implications for sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109465"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of rainfall erosivity in Eastern Monsoon Region in China based on CMIP6 models","authors":"Chenxi Liu ,&nbsp;Manyu Dong ,&nbsp;Yulian Wang ,&nbsp;Xingye Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study forecasts the rainfall erosivity (RE) in the Eastern Monsoon Region (EMR) of China from 2030 to 2100, utilizing downscaling and bias correction of 10 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from CMIP6 under three emission scenarios (low: SSP1-2.6, medium: SSP3-7.0, high: SSP5-8.5). It also investigates the contribution rate of RE produced by different precipitation levels to the overall RE. Findings include: (1) The multi-model ensemble (MME) performs better than individual models, with overestimations in North China and underestimations in Northeast China and East China. (2) Future annual RE is projected to increase. In the near term (2030–2064), it will rise by 34.75%, 25.09% and 34.62% under SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5 scenarios respectively. In the long term (2066–2100) the RE will increase by 41.24%, 43.51%, and 55.43% under the same scenarios. A continuous increase in emissions is projected to initially decrease RE in the near-term, followed by an increase, but consistently raise RE in the long-term. (3) RE and emission scenario relationships vary regionally. In the southern regions, East China and South China (EC and SC), annual RE decreases and then increases as emissions rise. Conversely, in the northern regions, Northeast China and North China (NEC and NC), higher emissions consistently lead to higher erosion. This is attributed to differing aerosol and greenhouse gas impacts on precipitation. (4) Heavy RE dominates in the entire EMR and its contribution to total RE is expected to rise due to increasing extreme precipitation. (5) Near-surface temperature (tas) is the most influential factor for RE, especially for large and heavy RE, with positive correlations that intensify under higher emissions. This study offers insights for anticipating future erosion risks and guiding soil and environmental policy in a warming climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of different agropastoral practices on wind erosion in western Sahel","authors":"Paul-Alain Raynal ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Rajot ,&nbsp;Beatrice Marticorena ,&nbsp;Abdourahmane Tall ,&nbsp;Baptiste Lemaire ,&nbsp;Jean-Alain Civil ,&nbsp;Diouma Cor Fall ,&nbsp;Gualbert Seraphin Dorego ,&nbsp;Ibrahima Sarr ,&nbsp;Issa Faye ,&nbsp;Ambre Emmendoerffer ,&nbsp;Henri Guillaume ,&nbsp;Christel Bouet ,&nbsp;François Affholder ,&nbsp;Babacar Faye ,&nbsp;Yélognissè Agbohessou ,&nbsp;Caroline Pierre","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Sahel, nutrient-poor sandy soils are vulnerable to wind-driven erosion and can be further degraded if left unprotected. As more than 60 % of the Sahelian population depends on rainfed agriculture, land degradation is a primary concern. In the last 60 years, climatic and socio-economic factors have thoroughly modified the Sahelian cropping systems. Understanding the interaction between land uses, agropastoral practices and wind erosion is crucial.</div><div>This study aims to estimate the effect of the main types of land uses and management that occurred in the Senegalese groundnut basin in the last decades on potential wind erosion of soil at the field scale. <em>In-situ</em> measurements of meteorological data, vegetation and horizontal fluxes of aeolian sediments were monitored on the land uses of a typical Sahelian landscape (groundnut plot, four fallows, four millet plots), each with contrasting and representative land managements, creating an unprecedented dataset in this region. We developed a modeling approach combining vegetation models with a horizontal flux model, calibrated on the gathered data. This modeling approach was able to reproduce existing measurements and is intended eventually to upscale fluxes of aeolian sediment at the landscape to regional scales.</div><div>Measurements of horizontal fluxes of aeolian sediments ranged from 538.7 kg.m⁻¹.year⁻¹ on bare soil to almost no flux on fallows<em>.</em> Simulations accurately represent the dynamics and order of magnitudes of erosive events despite having a strong sensibility to the aerodynamic roughness length of the soil surface. The comprehensive simulation of the impact of groundnut, millet (with and without residues) and fallows on potential wind erosion highlights the impact of dry vegetation cover, especially weeds, after the rainy season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil resilience to degradation in Poland by 2050 under climate and land use change","authors":"João Augusto Coblinski,&nbsp;Sylwia Pindral,&nbsp;Grzegorz Siebielec","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Poland, approximately 62,000 ha of soil are degraded due to soil threats (ST). The spatial distribution and intensity of these threats evolve as a result of climate and land use changes. This study evaluates the co-occurrence of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss, erosion, compaction, and soil water retention (SWR), identifying areas susceptible to degradation, resistance, and soil resilience in Poland by 2050 under land use change and an extreme climate change scenario (SSP5-8.5, representing a high-emission pathway). For the first time in Poland, our findings demonstrate the co-occurrence of ST and reduced SWR by 2050, projecting that 47% of Polish soils may face some level of degradation, primarily due to compaction, erosion, SOC loss, and reduced SWR. The most affected areas are in the north, northeast, central, and the Carpathians. The Soil Condition Degradation Index (SCDI) classified 31% of soils as having low susceptibility to degradation, 10% as moderate, 2% as high, and 0.1% as having very high susceptibility to degradation. Conversely, the Resilience and Resistance Index (RRI) shows that 29% of soils will remain resistant or resilient to degradation, with 0.2% showing significant resilience (to three ST), 13% of soils will be resilient to two ST, and 16% remaining stable, showing resistance to change. The presented approach enables the identification of hotspots for targeted management under climate and land use changes, supporting environmental policies, especially the new EU Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law), and sustainable land management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109463"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of chemical weathering and profile development indexes of soils formed on volcanic rocks in the Biga Peninsula, NW Türkiye","authors":"Timuçin Everest ,&nbsp;Oya Erenoğlu ,&nbsp;Tuğba Söküt Açar ,&nbsp;Erdem Temel ,&nbsp;Ali Sungur ,&nbsp;Hasan Özcan","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical weathering and profile development indexes of soils formed on Ayvacik volcanites (pyroclastic, basalt, andesite, and ignimbrite) in the SW of Biga Peninsula were investigated in this study. Eight soil profiles (two representing each rock type) were excavated on soils formed on pyroclastic, basalt, andesite, and ignimbrite rocks. The profiles were described according to the Soil Survey Manual and classified according to the Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base (WRB). Within the study, morphological observations, physico-chemical, oxide, and mineralogical analyses were conducted, thin-section interpretations were carried out, and chemical weathering and profile development indexes (PDI) were calculated. In addition, statistical analyses were performed on all data. Chemical index of alteration-CIA, Parker weathering index-WIP, chemical index of weathering-CIW, plagioclase index of alteration-PIA, silica-titania index-STI, bases/R₂O₃, product index-PWI, Vogt index-V and Ruxton ratio-R were calculated. Relationships between chemical weathering and profile development indexes were tested with multiple statistical evaluations. According to the results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) the effects between chemical weathering indexes and PDI were statistically significant with CIA, WIP, CIW, PWI, and V weathering indexes. In contrast, the impacts of PIA, STI, Bases/R₂O_3, and R weathering indexes were not significant. These relationships between chemical weathering and PDI were supported by thin section and mineralogical analysis. With the integration of PDI and chemical weathering indexes, WIP was found to be the most suitable weathering index for evaluating soils formed on pyroclastic and basalt rocks, while PWI was found to be suitable for andesite and ignimbrite rocks. These findings provide a robust framework for selecting appropriate weathering indexes tailored to specific volcanic rocks in pedogenetic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion-deposition processes drive soil organic carbon mineralization through aggregate breakdown and buildup","authors":"Lulu Bai ,&nbsp;Jinxiao Duan ,&nbsp;Peng Shi ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhanbin Li ,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water erosion critically influences lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and CO₂ emissions in terrestrial ecosystems. While SOC redistribution patterns have been extensively studied, the mechanisms by which erosion–deposition regulates SOC mineralization via aggregate turnover (breakdown and buildup) remain unclear. This study integrated rare earth oxides tracing, 30-minute flume experiments for simulate erosion–deposition, and 56-day soil incubation for monitor aggregate turnover over time to investigate soil aggregate turnover-mediated SOC mineralization. Cumulative aggregate breakdown (<em>CBD</em>) and buildup (<em>CBU</em>) rates were significantly higher in soils from the erosional area (SE) (CBD: 10.49 %; CBU: 13.26 %) than in those from the depositional area (SD) (9.55 % and 9.83 %, respectively), indicating more intense aggregate dynamics in SE. Both erosion and deposition enhanced SOC mineralization, showing a descending order: SE (41.39 mg kg⁻¹) &gt; SD (30.37 mg kg⁻¹) &gt; control (CK) (24.21 mg kg⁻¹). The kinetic model <em>y</em> = <em>K</em>(1-e^-<em>^bx</em>) (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.90) effectively described SOC mineralization dynamics, with parameters <em>K</em> and <em>K·b</em> indicating greater SOC mineralization potential in SE than in SD and CK. Structural equation modeling identified aggregate breakdown as the primary driver of mineralization, with a much higher path coefficient in SE (0.703) than in SD (0.110). In contrast, aggregate buildup suppressed mineralization via physical protection, with a stronger effect in SD (path coefficient: 0.334) than in SE (0.215). These results confirm that aggregate breakdown is a key regulator of SOC dynamics during erosion–deposition, providing critical insights for carbon management. We propose implementing watershed-scale engineering structures (e.g., check dams, gully stabilization systems, and sediment retention basins) to create depositional zones, which can reduce SOC loss and mitigate<!--> <!-->CO₂ emissions, thereby enhancing SOC sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of wildfires on soil organic carbon content and carbon flow pathways: The evidence of BPCAs molecular markers and 13C natural abundance","authors":"Jinsuo Li ,&nbsp;Luping Tian ,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Chang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Li ,&nbsp;Fangfang Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Wu ,&nbsp;Qingqiu Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent wildfires worldwide have severely disturbed soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, yet their effects on organic carbon turnover are still under debate. One possible reason is the insufficient distinction between pyrogenic carbon (PyC) and non-PyC. In this study, soil samples were collected from six areas affected by wildfires. To distinguish PyC from non-PyC, density fractionation, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) molecular markers, and ¹³C stable isotope analysis were combined. The results showed that following the wildfires, SOC levels in free light (fLF), occluded light (oLF), and heavy (HF) fractions increased by up to 253 %. PyC accounted for 2.02 % ∼ 13.0 % of the SOC increase. Most of the SOC increase was attributed to plant- and microbial-derived organic carbon accumulated during post-fire recovery. Based on δ¹³C analysis, the direction of organic carbon enrichment was from LF to HF. The wildfires increased the abundance of δ¹³C in bulk soils, with insignificant changes of δ¹³C in fLF and oLF, while δ¹³C in HF was significantly positive, likely because the SOC in HF is mainly the degradation product of that in fLF and oLF. The trend of carbon flow from fLF and/or oLF to HF was reduced, suggesting that the organic carbon in HF probably approached saturation. Thus, wildfires may facilitate the transition of SOC into stable carbon pools by modulating soil carbon flow pathways, which is conducive to soil carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109468"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil development, mineralogy and organic matter stocks in a West Greenlandic tundra landscape","authors":"Tino Peplau ,&nbsp;Patrick Liebmann ,&nbsp;Claudia Fiencke ,&nbsp;Selina Undeutsch ,&nbsp;Christian Knoblauch ,&nbsp;Stefan Dultz ,&nbsp;Amira Hildebrandt ,&nbsp;Lars Kutzbach ,&nbsp;Bo Elberling ,&nbsp;Laura Sophie Schnee ,&nbsp;Jan Olaf Melchert ,&nbsp;Janet Rethemeyer ,&nbsp;Christian Mikutta ,&nbsp;Georg Guggenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arctic warming increases the thaw depth of permafrost affected soils, altering the local water cycle and accelerating soil-forming processes and decomposition of soil organic matter. The consequences vary greatly across the circumpolar region due to strong heterogeneity in soil-forming factors and soil properties. Despite numerous studies have been carried out in the tundra of West Greenland, detailed descriptions of soil development under contrasting soil-hydrological conditions are lacking, which impairs the accuracy of soil maps and Earth-system models. We address this knowledge gap by analysing soil profiles from three field transects located at slopes of a glacially shaped valley and on a moraine within the same valley, representing typical environmental and geomorphological settings of West Greenland. Dryer soils dominated at the top of the slopes, with solifluction and cryoturbation shaping soil properties, while water logging and accumulation of organic matter characterized the lower end of the slopes. In the vicinity of a braided-river, the terrain was flat but well-drained and soils were shallow but organic-rich, overlying coarse rubble. We show that soil development depends strongly on slope dynamics and hydrological conditions. We also show that soil organic carbon stocks are highly heterogeneous with 4 ± 6 Mg C ha⁻¹ in shallow and poorly developed soils and 451 ± 160 Mg C ha⁻¹ in the upper meter of peat-rich wetlands. The results highlight the great heterogeneity in soil moisture and vegetation types, driving marked differences in soil development and carbon stocks across typical West Greenlandic tundra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109436"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil multitrophic network complexity drives positively ecosystem multifunctionality along altitude gradients in alpine grasslands","authors":"Shulan Wu ,&nbsp;Qinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Tang ,&nbsp;Erke Wuda ,&nbsp;Chengwei Tu ,&nbsp;Chunying Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.catena.2025.109449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil biodiversity is essential for ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). However, the relative contributions of soil biodiversity and biological interactions to EMF across multiple trophic levels, and the potential mechanisms remain uncertain under environmental variability, especially in fragile and highly heterogeneous alpine grasslands. Here, we investigated biodiversity (e.g., species diversity and community composition) and their interactions (quantified by network complexity) of individual soil trophic groups (bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes) and multitrophic level with EMF (quantified using 18 variables) along altitude gradients (3400–4100 m) in alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that individual trophic biodiversity and network complexity had distinct patterns along altitude. At multitrophic level, although species diversity remained relatively stable, and community composition dissimilarity decreased, the network complexity increased with increasing altitude. EMF remained stable along altitude. No significant relationships between EMF and soil biodiversity were found at individual trophic and multitrophic levels. In contrast, EMF was positively correlated with multitrophic network complexity, and this positive association was strengthened with increasing altitude, although it was not correlated with network complexity of individual trophic groups. Further pathways analysis indicated that multitrophic biodiversity had no significant effect on multitrophic network complexity and EMF. However, environmental conditions (low temperature and high soil moisture, which are prevalent at higher altitudes) enhanced multitrophic network complexity, with high soil moisture in particular facilitating bacterial-fungal synergism, thereby positively driving EMF along altitude gradients. This study highlighted the crucial role of soil multitrophic interactions in supporting EMF in alpine grasslands. These results could offer insight into soil biodiversity-EMF relationship and theoretical basis for conservation and management of alpine grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9801,"journal":{"name":"Catena","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 109449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}