Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19: Urgent Need to Redesign Anti-inflammatory Strategies for CNS Protection.","authors":"R. Hardeland","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220329102633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220329102633","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44711008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising effects of naringenin and melatonin against hepatic encephalopathy impairments induced by bile duct ligation in male rats.","authors":"Elahe Karami Raviz, Fatemeh Noormand, Ali Sharifzadeh Kermani, Ali Galedari, K. Esmaeilpour, M. Maneshian, T. Kalantaripour, S. Dabiri, M. A. Shekaari","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220314123052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220314123052","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Bile duct ligation (BDL) has been used for evaluating the protective effects of different agents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against the liver and brain damages. Naringenin (N) and melatonin (M) were used as protectants in various models of diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000AIM\u0000In the current research, the combinational effects of these well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidants agents were investigated against cerebral injuries induced by BDL in male rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The animals were distributed into the following groups: Sham, BDL + Vehicle and BDL+ N + M. Neuronal damages were evaluated using biochemical, motor behavioral tasks and morphological assessments. <p.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Based on the data, BDL resulted in the decreasing locomotor activity, which was reversed by N and M. Morphological study confirmed that BDL led to neurodegeneration in the cortex of the rats, and the N and M treatment preserved cortical neurons. In addition, immunohistochemical (IHC) study of the rat cortex showed that BDL resulted in increasing the activated astrocytes, and the N and M treatment reduced the number of activated cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000These results obviously depicted that combinational therapy with N and M had positive effects in the BDL rats, probably due to their synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46084052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inflammatory Effect of Epigenetic Factors and Modifications in Depressive Disorder: A Review.","authors":"Keming Qi, Yi Yu, Jiang Guan, Jiayuan Zhang, Wei Lu, Yicong Wei","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220308144518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220308144518","url":null,"abstract":"Background Depressive disorder is one of the most common mental diseases and has become one of the three major causes of disability worldwide. Although some of the pathological mechanisms have been analyzed, the corresponding drug therapy has only achieved about 30% of curative effects. However, the pathological mechanism of depression is very complex, and the relationship between its complicated pathological mechanisms is still elusive. In recent years, there is more and more evidence that environmental stress induces stable changes in gene expression through the epigenetic mechanism and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among them, neuroinflammation was considered to be a key pathological mechanism. Objective To explore the relationship between epigenetic mechanism and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of depression. Methods In this paper, we review the crucial role of neuroinflammation in complex pathological mechanisms, especially its complex interrelationship with neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine, neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity, which play a key role in the pathology of depression. Results The relationship between epigenetic mechanism and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of depression was discussed, which mainly involves histone acetylation, histone methylation, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA association. Conclusion This review will help to understand the role of epigenetic mechanisms in depression and its related inflammatory responses and provides direction and guidance for future research.","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrazole Based Furanone Hybrids as Novel Antimalarial: A Combined Experimental, Pharmacological and Computational Study.","authors":"D. Choudhary, Isha Rani, Jyoti Monga, R. Goyal, A. Husain, P. Garg, S. Khokra","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220301121811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220301121811","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Malaria parasite strains are resistant to therapeutic effect of prophylactics medicines presently available. This resistance now poses a significant challenge to researchers within the bid to beat malaria parasitic infections. Strategies such as investigation of newer hybrid chemical entities and specified drug targets may help us to spot new efficient derivatives that bind to the parasites in a more specific manner and inhibit their growth.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To scientifically perform the experimental, pharmacological, and computational studies of pyrazole-based furanone hybrids as novel antimalarial agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A series of new furanone based pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and investigated as potential antimalarial agents by performing in vitro antimalarial activity. To get further optimization, these synthesized derivatives were virtually screened based on ADME-T filters, and molecular docking studies were also accomplished on the crystal structures of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). Furthermore,the in-silico prediction was supported by performing an LDH assay.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The docking data suggested that the designed hybrid of furanone-pyrazole may act as PfLDH inhibitors. It was found that the results of experimental in vitro antimalarial activity and in silico analysis correlate well to each other to a good extent. The compounds (7d), (7g), and (8e) were found to be the most potent derivatives with IC50 values of 1.968, 1.983, and 2.069 µg/ml, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000From the results, it may be concluded that compounds that are active in low doses might be adopted as a lead compound for the development of more active antimalarial agents. The synthesized compounds (7d), (7g), and (8e) exhibited good antimalarial activity with PfLDH inhibition. The best compounds can be explored further in the future for designing the potent inhibitors of PfLDH as new potent antimalarial agents.","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41356393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> Study of Acetylcholinesterase and Beta-secretase Inhibitors: Potential Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer's Agents.","authors":"Daniel Castro da Costa,&nbsp;Hueldem Ronam Cristo Teixeira,&nbsp;Raí Campos Silva,&nbsp;Isaque Antonio Galindo Francischini,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Tomich de Paula da Silva,&nbsp;Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage-Melim","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220517110606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220517110606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative process with multifactorial characteristics. This disease follows the natural aging process, affecting mainly people over 65 years. Pharmacotherapeutic treatment currently combats symptoms related to cognitive function. Several targets have begun to attract the interest of the scientific community to develop new drug candidates which have better pharmacokinetic and lower toxicity parameters.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to design new candidates for acetylcholinesterase/β-secretase (AChE/BACE1) multitarget inhibitor drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>17 natural products were selected from the literature with anticholinesterase activity and 1 synthetic molecule with inhibitory activity for BACE1. Subsequently, the molecular docking study was performed, followed by the derivation of the pharmacophoric pattern and prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Finally, the hybrid prototype was designed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All selected molecules showed interactions with their respective target enzymes. Derivation of the pharmacophoric pattern from molecules that interacted with the AChE enzyme resulted in 3 pharmacophoric regions: an aromatic ring, an electron-acceptor region and a hydrophobic region. The molecules showed good pharmacokinetic and toxicological results, showing no warnings of mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity. After the hybridization process, three hybrid molecules were obtained, which showed inhibitory activity for both targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that research in the field of medicinal chemistry is advancing towards the discovery of new drug candidates that bring a better quality of life to patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40357456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzimidazole Hybrids to Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase and COX for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Sukhvir Kaur,&nbsp;Richa Minhas,&nbsp;Shivam Mishra,&nbsp;Birpal Kaur,&nbsp;Yogita Bansal,&nbsp;Gulshan Bansal","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220428134001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220428134001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A simultaneous administration of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and a NSAID as a drug cocktail has been documented to exhibit significantly protective effects in AD patients. But it suffers from poor patent compliance, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic issues.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study is aimed to design and synthesize a hybrid molecule capable of exhibiting both AChE inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities for de-accelerating the progression of AD. The synthesized molecules will be evaluated for in vitro and in vivo models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study involves the coupling of ibuprofen or naproxen to varied disubstituted amines (AChE inhibitor pharmacophore) through benzimidazole to develop two series of compounds i.e. IB01-IB05 and NP01-NP05. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and MS. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro AChE inhibitory and COX inhibitory activities. The most active compound was taken for in vivo evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compounds of series IB01-IB05 are found more potent as compared to NP01-NP05. The maximally potent compound IB04 in in vitro evaluation is selected for in vivo evaluation of memory restoration activity using scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice. It significantly reverses the scopolamine-induced changes (i.e., escape latency time, mean time spent in target quadrant, brain AChE activity and oxidative stress) in a dose-dependent manner. IB04 at 8 mg/kg is significantly effective in lowering AD manifestation in comparison to donepezil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that Benzimidazole hybrids utilizing ibuprofen and pyrrolidine moiety may prove a useful template for the development of new chemical moieties against AD with multiple potencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ellagic Acid Prevents Oxidative Stress and Memory Deficits in a Rat Model of Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Amir Hossein Assaran,&nbsp;Mahsan Akbarian,&nbsp;Sabiheh Amirahmadi,&nbsp;Hossein Salmani,&nbsp;Shima Shirzad,&nbsp;Mahmoud Hosseini,&nbsp;Farimah Beheshti,&nbsp;Arezoo Rajabian","doi":"10.2174/1871524923666221027100949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524923666221027100949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ellagic acid (EA) has various pharmacological effects such as antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of EA on learning and memory dysfunction as well as oxidative stress in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The studied rats were treated according to the following protocol: Control (group 1) and scopolamine (group 2) groups received saline (intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)) while the treatment groups (group 3-5) were given EA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 weeks. Thereafter, their behavioral performance was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tasks. Notably, scopolamine was injected (into groups II-V at a dose of 2 mg/kg, i.p.) before conducting the tasks. Finally, the oxidative stress indicators in the brain were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EA reduced the escape latencies and distances during the learning phase of MWM. The results of probe trials also indicated that EA improved memory retrieval and helped animals recall the platform. Moreover, EA increased delay and light time, while decreasing the frequency of entries to the dark area of PA. In the EA-treated groups, the level of malondialdehyde was decreased, while the levels of total thiol groups, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA prevented the negative effects of scopolamine on learning and memory which is probably mediated via modulating oxidative stress. Hence, EA could be considered as a potential alternative therapy for dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"22 3","pages":"214-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10380898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Development, and <i>in-vitro</i> Evaluation of Escitalopram Fast Dissolving Tablets.","authors":"Vishal Bhatia,&nbsp;Ashwani K Dhingra,&nbsp;Rameshwar Dass,&nbsp;Bhawna Chopra,&nbsp;Kumar Guarve","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220624113719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220624113719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), acts by increasing the serotonin level in the brain and is used widely for the management of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the poor dissolution rate of escitalopram due to less water solubility is a consequential problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry in developing pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present work aims to deliver a novel formulation for improving the dissolution profile and, thus, the bioavailability of escitalopram.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDT) are expected to enable quick drug release, which will improve the drug's dissolving profile, allowing for the initial increase in plasma concentration mandatory in an acute depression attack. The use of co-processed excipients in tablets has been shown to increase the compressibility and disintegration properties of the tablets, resulting in improved in-vitro drug release and bioavailability. As co-processed excipients, a mixture of banana powder (a natural super disintegrant with nutritional value) and microcrystalline cellulose (a highly compressible substance with good wicking and absorption capacity) was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tablets were made using a response surface, randomised central composite design, and a direct compression technique. The manufactured tablets were found to be released more than 95% of the drug within 10 minutes and showed an improved drug release profile than the available marketed formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After confirming in-vivo potential, the fast release formulation exhibited impressive in-vitro findings and may prove to be a boon in treating acute depression attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"22 3","pages":"198-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10379856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroinflammation: Molecular Mechanisms And Therapeutic Perspectives.","authors":"Marianna Marino,&nbsp;Elena Mele,&nbsp;Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino,&nbsp;Rosaria Meccariello,&nbsp;Francesca Felicia Operto,&nbsp;Antonietta Santoro,&nbsp;Andrea Viggiano","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220929153215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220929153215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroinflammation is a key component in the etiopathogenesis of neurological diseases and brain aging. This process involves the brain immune system that modulates synaptic functions and protects neurons from infection or damage. Hence, the knowledge of neuroinflammation related pathways and modulation by drugs or natural compounds is functional to developing therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving, maintaining and restoring brain health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review article summarizes the basics of neuroinflammation and related signaling pathways, the success of the dietary intervention in clinical practice and the possible development of RNA-based strategies for treating neurological diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pubmed search from 2012 to 2022 with the keywords neuroinflammation and molecular mechanisms in combination with diet, miRNA and non-coding RNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glial cells-play a crucial role in neuroinflammation, but several pathways can be activated in response to different inflammatory stimuli, inducing cell death by apoptosis, pyroptosis or necroptosis. The dietary intervention has immunomodulatory effects and could limit the inflammatory process induced by microglia and astrocytes. Thus by inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving the symptoms of a variety of neurological diseases, diet exerts pleiotropic neuroprotective effects independently from the spectrum of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the specific disorder. Furthermore, data from animal models revealed that altered expression of specific noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs, contributes to neuroinflammatory diseases; consequently, RNA-based strategies may be promising to alleviate the consequences of neuroinflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are needed to identify the molecular pathways and the new pharmacological targets in neuroinflammation to lay the basis for more effective and selective therapies to be applied, in parallel to dietary intervention, in the treatment of neuroinflammation-based diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"22 3","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. Regulates BDNF/PI3K Pathway to Modulate Glutathione for Mitoprotection and Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Deepaneeta Sarmah,&nbsp;Geetesh Verma,&nbsp;Aishika Datta,&nbsp;Namrata Vadak,&nbsp;Antra Chaudhary,&nbsp;Kiran Kalia,&nbsp;Pallab Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/1871524922666220607093400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524922666220607093400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of death worldwide and is the primary cause of disability globally. Numerous studies have shown that plant-origin medicines are promising and can influence the treatment of neurological disorders. Phyllanthus embilica L. (P. emblica or Amla) is one of the herbal plants whose medicinal properties are widely studied. The objective of the present study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of the fruit of P. emblica (hereinafter referred to as just P. emblica) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore if it can regulate BDNF/PI3K pathway to modulate glutathione for mitoprotection and neuroprotection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo studies were conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats, where rats were prophylactically administered 100 mg/kg P. emblica for 30 days. In the treatment group, rats were given 100 mg/kg P. emblica, 1 h post middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were evaluated for neuro deficit and motor function tests. Brains were further harvested for infarct size evaluation, biochemical analysis, protein expression studies, and mitochondrial studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prophylaxis and treatment with P. emblica demonstrated significant improvement in functional outcome with a reduction in infarct size. Normalization of glutathione, nitrite, and malondialdehyde levels was also observed. Improvement in mitochondrial complex I and IV activities was also reported. Expressions of BDNF, PI3K, SDF1 and VEGF increased while that of ROCK2 decreased following P. emblica administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>P. emblica regulates BDNF/PI3K pathway to modulate glutathione in ischemic stroke to confer mitoprotection and neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9799,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"22 3","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10420980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}