Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of a hydrophilic polyamide constituted by succinyl chloride and 5-carboxy-1,3-phenylenediamine for developing homogeneity with polyvinylidene difluoride matrix, yielding mixed matrix membranes for treating oily wastewater","authors":"Umair Baig,&nbsp;Abdul Waheed","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work developed a polymer using a simple, single-step approach, with hydrophilic and hydrophobic components as integral parts of the polymer backbone, to produce mixed-matrix membranes without specific defects. The hydrophilic component was 5-carboxy-1,3-phenylenediamine monomer owing to the carboxylic acid present on the benzene ring, and the hydrophobic fraction was the benzene ring and aliphatic chain of the succinyl chloride (diacid chloride). The condensation polymerization of 5-carboxy-1,3-phenylenediamine and succinyl chloride yielded a polyamide, DACSC, with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The DACSC showed increased homogeneity with the matrix polymer polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) owing to their similar polymer natures. The DACSC was decorated in increasing concentrations in the PVDF matrix by dissolving it in the dope solution and underwent phase inversion along with PVDF, giving rise to not only chemical variations, but also physical features, compared to the control PVDF. Hence, the obtained membranes showed increased separation efficiencies for different types of oil/water emulsions (crude oil, motor oil, and diesel oil) and higher permeate flux. The highest separation efficiencies were &gt;99 % for the 2 %-DACSC/PVDF and 4 %-DACSC/PVDF, and slightly reduced to 97 % for the 8 %-DACSC/PVDF across the three types of emulsions. The 8 %-DACSC/PVDF membrane showed the highest flux among the membranes fabricated in the current study, with values of nearly 114, 143, and 126 L m^-2 h^-1 for crude, diesel, and motor oil emulsions at 2 bar. The fouling and cleaning cycles showed that DACSC-containing membranes have reversible fouling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas transfer–driven kinetic model for aerobic poly-4-hydroxybutyrate production under dissolved oxygen–limited conditions","authors":"Nulee Ji,&nbsp;Jin Ho Lee,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Jae Hoon Cho,&nbsp;Chan Hoon Park,&nbsp;Sangmin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modern bioindustry is increasingly focused on replacing fossil fuel–based chemical production with greener processes, with poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) emerging as a promising alternative to conventional petrochemical plastics. Advanced kinetic models help to efficiently design, optimize, and scale-up novel bioprocesses, such as aerobic P4HB production. Notably, dissolved oxygen depletion is a frequent occurrence during P4HB production by <em>Escherichia coli</em> owing to the extremely high oxygen utilization rate, which limits microbial activity and causes unexpected metabolic shifts, depending on the specific operating conditions. This study proposes an explainable model for aerobic bioprocesses that integrates material balances, transport phenomena, and microbial physiology. The model considers microbial kinetics and cellular metabolism based on oxygen transfer rate (OTR)-related terms. Employing OTR-driven substrate consumption kinetics and dynamic yield coefficient variations, the model can precisely track substrate depletion, biomass growth, P4HB yield, and time-course oxygen uptake across a range of aeration conditions. Simulation with independent datasets confirmed precise prediction of the aforementioned indicators at reactor scales of up to 3 kL. Furthermore, the versatility of the model is demonstrated through estimation of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (<em>k</em>_L<em>a</em>) under actual biotic conditions without gas analysis data. The framework facilitates robust bioprocess design and optimization, scalable <em>k</em>_L<em>a</em> estimation, and provides the basis for a soft sensor implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient removal and separation of Sr2+, Co2+, In3+ and Ni2+ in single and mixed ion systems on low-cost Zeolite, and its stability analysis: DFT and experimental investigations","authors":"Cyrille Ghislain Fotsop,&nbsp;Alexandra Lieb,&nbsp;Franziska Scheffler","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In view of the increasing demand for clean water, the aim of this work was to elucidate, by molecular Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and experimental investigations, the capture of Sr²⁺, In³⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ in single and mixed system ions using low cost-effective zeolites based on natural kaolin. Recycled zeolites were characterized by NMR-MAS, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX-mapping and TGA/DSC analysis. XRD analysis after adsorption showed that the peak intensity decreased due to the presence of adsorbed ions on the zeolite surface. NMR-MAS revealed the chemical shift of ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al after adsorption due to the presence of Co and Ni in the samples, which tend to affect the chemical environment of the orbital spin. The maximum capacities (Q_m,_exp) obtained were ∼780, ∼600, ∼1000 and ∼1300 mg/g for Sr²⁺, In³⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm provided the most accurate non-linear fit to the experimental data, with an R² &gt; 0.993, indicating that the metal ions undergo homogeneous monolayer adsorption on the adsorbent surface. The Freundlich isotherm showed the presence of multilayer adsorption and heterogeneous adsorption energy. The removal of ions was favored by ion exchange and chemical reaction on monolayers with energetic heterogeneity at the zeolite surface. Pseudo-first order non-linear kinetic models were favorable with (R² ≥ 0.99) indicating the presence of chemisorption. MC modelling showed that ion capture was favorable in neutral media, with individual adsorption energies (dEads/dNi) of -0.03, -0.05, -5.8 and -13.8 kcal/mol for Co, Ni, Sr and In, respectively, in a mixed ion system at 298 K. The affinity of zeolite to adsorbed Co(II) on Ni(II), Al(III), Bi(III), Ca(II), In(III), Sr(II), K(I), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Pb(II) was observed by the highest values of the distribution coefficient (K_d) and low separation factor (α). The selectivity order was Co &gt; Ni &gt; In &gt; Ca &gt; Sr &gt; Cd &gt; Mn &gt; Pb &gt; <em>K</em> &gt; Al &gt; Cr &gt; Bi. Surface and river water influenced the adsorption capacity compared to distilled and tap water. Zeolite exhibited high stability during the removal of Sr, In, Ni and Co in both single and mixed ions systems. Removal rates were found to be in the range of ∼84 % to ∼94 % and ∼55 % to ∼80 %, respectively, after the fifth cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremely effective self-sufficient sugar factory wastewater treatment plant and its methanogenic microbial consortium","authors":"Urszula Zielenkiewicz ,&nbsp;Marcin Szewczyk ,&nbsp;Hubert Salamaga ,&nbsp;Joanna Klim ,&nbsp;Tomasz Walter","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel contribution to the long-term goal of limiting global climate change by energy recovery and reduction of associated emissions in industrial-scale wastewater treatment facilities.</div><div>The upgrades implemented at the Dobrzelin sugar factory WWTP have enabled it to achieve complete water and electricity self-sufficiency by fully reusing the biogas produced from sugar fabrication wastewater. Despite substantial technological process changes, no significant differences were detected in the composition of the microbial community present in the anaerobic chamber before and after modernization (9483 vs 9437 species). Concurrently, the efficiency of biogas production per kg of reduced pollutant load improved by an average of 3.4 %, with the methane content increase reaching 10.5 %. All currently known methane synthesis pathways are present, with CO₂ and acetate-related pathways being the most dominant.</div><div>The modernisation of the Dobrzelin WWTP represents a previously unreported achievement within the context of large-scale sugar waste treatment and, more broadly, for fully operational industrial wastewater treatment facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and human health risks of microplastics in the Bay of Bengal using Perna viridis as sentinel species","authors":"Md.Abdullah Al Mamun Hridoy ,&nbsp;Fatima Zahra Tagri ,&nbsp;Chaira Bordin ,&nbsp;Md.Hafijul Islam ,&nbsp;Azeez Olalekan Baki ,&nbsp;Md.Maynuddin Pathan ,&nbsp;Arman Khan ,&nbsp;Gift Samuel David ,&nbsp;Monoara Akter Lima ,&nbsp;S.M.Sertaz Islam ,&nbsp;Paolo Pastorino","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) pollution is an increasing threat to marine environments, particularly in vulnerable areas such as the Bay of Bengal (BoB). This study assessed MP distribution and biological impacts in surface water, sediment, and <em>Perna viridis</em> tissues across five coastal stations in the BoB. MPs were isolated through density separation, digestion, and morphological analysis under stereomicroscopy, followed by polymer analysis using FTIR. MPs were detected in all environmental matrices and mussel tissues at every site. Surface water MPs ranged from 3.13 ± 0.46 to 8.94 ± 0.55 items/L, while sediment concentrations varied between 152 ± 54.32 and 540 ± 82.73 items/kg dry weight. Mussel tissues contained 2.4 ± 1.43 to 4.9 ± 2.69 items/g wet weight, with the digestive gland showing significantly higher accumulation than gills, visceral mass, and muscle (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Fibre-type MPs dominated all matrices. Particles &lt;0.5 mm were most abundant in surface water, while particles 1–5 mm were most abundant in mussel tissues; both size classes were common in sediments. Polypropylene and low-density polyethene were the dominant polymers. Histological analysis revealed tissue damage and immune responses in mussels due to physiological stress. Multivariate analyses indicated site-specific MP profiles associated with local anthropogenic activities. Health risk assessment showed higher chronic daily intake and carcinogenic risk in children than adults, with polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride exceeding acceptable carcinogenic risk thresholds. These results emphasise the importance of ongoing monitoring and enhanced waste management strategies to safeguard coastal ecosystems and ensure the safety of seafood in the BoB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green pretreatment strategies for enhanced microbial lipid fermentation and synergistic high-quality lignin recovery for next-generation integrated biorefineries","authors":"Tirath Raj ,&nbsp;Poonam Sharma ,&nbsp;Stephanie Thompson ,&nbsp;Bruce S Dien ,&nbsp;Vijay Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Miscanthus × giganteus (Mxg) is a warm-season perennial grass being commercialized as a biomass feedstock for temperate farms. Three process strategies were compared for converting Mxg into single-cell oil and extracted lignin intermediates, as hydrothermal (HT) processing and two natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), ChCl:LA (choline chloride:lactic acid) and ChCl:Gly (choline chloride:glycerol). Pretreatments were performed at 10% and 50% solids loading at 140 °C, 2 h; HT: 190 °C, 10 min. Enzymatic hydrolysates, generated at 10% solids using washed and unwashed biomass, were evaluated for microbial lipid production. Maximum glucose conversions from washed biomass reached 83.5% (ChCl:LA), 52.7% (ChCl:Gly), and 74.0% (HT)<strong>.</strong> Remarkably, NADES-derived hydrolysates effectively replaced refined sugars for the cultivation of the oleaginous yeast <em>Rhodotorula toruloides</em>, achieving ∼51% higher biomass (OD 90.7) and lipid titers of 19.36 g/L within 45 h using a two-stage fermentation strategy. Lipid contents ranged from 34.5–44.5% dry weight, demonstrating reduced reliance on purified sugars. Beyond carbohydrate valorization, ChCl:LA pretreatment enabled high-purity lignin recovery (&gt;89%) in a lignin-first strategy. Structural analyses (2D-HSQC and ³¹P NMR) showed syringyl (78.15%), guaiacyl (15.15%), and p-hydroxyphenyl (6.41%) units, with higher phenolic hydroxyl content (0.91 mmol/g) and a lower S/G ratio (0.19) than HT lignin (0.87 mmol/g, S/G 0.22). These attributes favor downstream lignin depolymerization into low-molecular-weight aromatics. Overall, NADES pretreatment simultaneously enhances microbial lipid yields and recovers high-quality lignin<strong>,</strong> advancing the economic feasibility of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from bioenergy crops within an integrated biorefinery framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of β-ionone-based derivative with enhanced insect OBP affinity and field persistence for precision pest control","authors":"Longfei Shi ,&nbsp;Yufeng Sun ,&nbsp;Jiaoxin Xie ,&nbsp;Hangwei Liu ,&nbsp;Haoyu Tang ,&nbsp;Huaijing Liu ,&nbsp;Jingtao Liu ,&nbsp;Yaoguo Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Tan ,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) mediate insect olfactory processes by facilitating the transport of volatile compounds to odorant receptors. Searching and designing efficient ligands ​that bind strongly​ to these OBPs can help us better utilize chemical ecological strategies for the regulation and management of insects, especially in agricultural ecosystems. In the present study, a meta-analysis employing a random effects model revealed that β-ionone exhibits high binding affinity across diverse OBPs in different insect species, with most Ki values ranging from 0.63 to 25 μM. Based on the flexible structure of β-ionone, we designed and synthesized a novel derivative IA01 through Claisen-Schmidt condensation with p-anisaldehyde. It was found that IA01 demonstrated superior binding affinities toward two AlucOBPs from <em>Apolygus lucorum</em>, as evidenced by fluorescence competition assays and molecular docking analyses. Electroantennogram recordings indicated that IA01 elicited more stable and sustained olfactory responses compared to β-ionone and p-anisaldehyde, an effect maintained over a seven-day period. In addition, indoor behavioral experiments showed that IA01 exhibited a strong repellent effect against <em>Chrysopa pallens</em>, a predatory natural enemy. Field trials further validated the enhanced attractant efficacy of IA01, which consistently captured higher numbers of <em>A. lucorum</em> adults.We propose that the newly designed derivative based on β-ionone has potential application value in trapping mirid bug and protecting natural enemies. Utilizing such broad-spectrum ligands as lead skeletons to develop novel attractants or repellents targeting a wide range of pests will bring us a brand new pest control technology strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manganese enriched zeolitic imidazole framework-67 and doped reduced graphene oxide hybrid electrocatalyst applied in alkaline Zn-air battery","authors":"S. Fajardo ,&nbsp;C.M. Sánchez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;P. Ocón ,&nbsp;J.L. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;E. Pastor","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of durable, low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial to the advancement of Zn–air batteries. Here different zeolitic imidazolium framework (ZIF-67)-based hybrid electrocatalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are evaluated (ZIF/rGO, ZIF/SN-rGO, and MnZIF/SN-rGO) for the ORR in alkaline media and gel Zn–air batteries. A key feature of this work is the application of pumped-micropipette delivery/substrate-collection (pumped-MD/SC) mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in alkaline electrolyte, a mode rarely explored and, to the best of our knowledge, not previously reported for ORR mapping under these conditions. Pumped-MD/SC SECM current maps unambiguously identify MnZIF/SN-rGO as the most active electrocatalytic material, showing the lowest overpotential, as well as exhibiting the highest limiting current and negligible H₂O₂ yield evaluated by rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE). The catalyst retains its activity after 1000 potential cycles under ORR conditions, evidencing excellent durability. When implemented as the air-cathode in a non-rechargeable gel Zn–air battery, MnZIF/SN-rGO delivers a specific capacity of 803 mAh g^-¹_Zn and a specific energy of 1119 mWh g^-¹_Zn, sustaining a stable discharge &gt; 1.4 V for 32 h at 10 mA cm^-². These metrics surpass most gel-electrolyte Zn–air batteries reported under comparable conditions, highlighting the practical relevance of the catalyst. The combined SECM–battery approach links spatially resolved ORR activity with device-level performance, providing mechanistic insight and a robust benchmark for future cathode design. Overall, MnZIF/SN-rGO emerges as a highly durable and efficient cathode for gel Zn–air batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal accumulation and tolerance mechanisms in Potamogeton crispus under single-metal exposure to Cd, Zn, Ni and Li: Implications for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated waters","authors":"Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyu Han ,&nbsp;Menglong Xing ,&nbsp;Xianhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Liping Qiu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dajiang Yan ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the submerged macrophyte <em>Potamogeton crispus</em> for its ability to accumulate cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lithium (Li) in metal-contaminated waters and its suitability for phytoremediation. A 70-day static mesocosm experiment was performed in which four independent single-metal exposure series (Cd, Zn, Ni, and Li) were established, each with four concentration levels and one metal-free control; water and plant samples were regularly collected. Metal concentrations were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to probe microstructural changes, functional-group interactions, and thermal stability under metal stress. <em>Potamogeton crispus</em> showed strong accumulation capacity for all four metals, with concentration-dependent uptake; maximum accumulation occurred for Zn (up to 885.38 mg·kg⁻¹), followed by Ni, Cd, and Li. Low-concentration exposure stimulated plant growth, suggesting hormesis, whereas high concentrations suppressed growth and induced visible toxicity, indicating a tolerance threshold. SEM-EDS showed surface roughening, particle aggregation, and metal deposits, consistent with cell-wall-based immobilization and structural damage at high concentrations. FTIR spectra indicated that hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups are key sites for metal binding, as reflected by changes in band intensity and peak shifts. TGA profiles showed that metal exposure modified thermal decomposition and increased residual mass, consistent with partial stabilization of organic matter through metal–organic associations. Overall, this multi-scale analysis demonstrates the robust accumulation capacity and moderate tolerance of <em>P. crispus</em> to Cd, Zn, Ni, and Li under single-metal exposure, provides baseline data for evaluating its use in remediating waters polluted by mixtures of traditional and emerging metals, and offers mechanistic insights to inform future multi-metal experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding of indium-gallium-zinc oxide wet etching in acidic solutions: Reaction mechanism, kinetics, and surface properties","authors":"Wonje Lee,&nbsp;Sangwoo Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) as a channel material in transistors requires precise control of the etching process, necessitating a thorough understanding of the mechanism of IGZO etching using various etchants. This study investigated the etching behavior of IGZO in HCl, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and H₂C₂O_4, and a reaction mechanism is proposed. The rate-determining step of the proposed mechanism is identified, and a rate equation for the etching reaction is derived. The etching rate of IGZO in acidic etchants was found to be governed not only by [H⁺], but also by anion attachment and detachment reactions, metal dissolution, and the anion concentration near the IGZO surface. The reaction rate constant and order of IGZO etching are interpreted based on the chemical and physical properties of the anions and anion-bonded IGZO surface, including the nucleophilicity of the anions, bonding strength between the anions and the IGZO surface, surface potential induced by the adsorbed anions, ionic radius, and physicochemical properties of the surface-anion complexes. Furthermore, the etching rate critically depends on the local anion concentration adjacent to the IGZO surface rather than the bulk anion concentration. It is influenced by mass transport through the solution. Additionally, differences in etching behavior of the various metal oxide constituents of IGZO increase the surface roughness of the etched sample and result in spatial variations in the surface potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}