Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献

{"title":"Adsorption and molecular transformation mechanisms of mercury sulfide on mackinawite surfaces: A DFT-D3 study","authors":"Fayang Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Mao ,&nbsp;Yinchuan Li ,&nbsp;Shunlin Tang ,&nbsp;Mingshi Wang ,&nbsp;Mingfei Xing ,&nbsp;Fengcheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Huang ,&nbsp;Xingmin Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mackinawite (FeS), a common metallic sulfide mineral, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and mobility of mercury sulfide (HgS) in the environment. However, molecular-level insights into HgS interactions with FeS surfaces are currently limited. This study used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate HgS adsorption and transformation on FeS (001), FeS (011), and FeS (111) surfaces, including their defect surfaces. Bonding characteristics were analyzed using electron density difference, Bader charge, projected density of states (PDOS), and crystal orbital bonding index (COBI). HgS adsorption capacity on FeS surfaces is determined by surface reactivity in the order FeS (011) &gt; FeS (111) &gt; FeS (001). Additionally, S-defective FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces demonstrate enhanced HgS adsorption compared to Fe-defective surfaces. A potential risk of Hg release from HgS exists on FeS (001) and FeS (111) surfaces compared to FeS (011) surfaces. The dissociation of HgS molecules can be more stably adsorbed on the FeS (011) surface rather than releasing Hg. This study enriches the understanding of HgS adsorption and transformation on metal sulfides, shedding light on the microscopic cycling of HgS in soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D electrode surface engineering via atomic layer deposition of nickel oxide for improved water oxidation performance","authors":"Sina Haghverdi Khamene ,&nbsp;Mariadriana Creatore ,&nbsp;Mihalis N. Tsampas","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-based electrodes are widely recognized for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet further advancements in surface engineering of these electrodes are essential to fully unlock their catalytic potential. This study explores the electrocatalytic performance of several topologies of 3D-structured nickel electrodes decorated by atomic layer deposited (ALD) NiO films for water oxidation. While pristine Ni electrodes already exhibit good performance due to their 3D structure, their native NiO layer is limited by its fixed thickness, chemical composition, and crystallinity. Adopting ALD for surface modification allows to unravel the role of these properties on the OER performance and electrochemical activation. Among the investigated structures in this work, the 3D Ni electrode based on regularly shaped pillars and holes (Ni Veco), stands out as the most promising OER electrocatalyst, both in its pristine state and after ALD NiO modification, surpassing the performance of Ni felt and Ni foam. Moreover, the presence of ALD NiO is demonstrated to significantly alter the surface chemistry and surface energy of Ni electrodes, leading to a notable enhancement of the OER performance. Upon electrochemical activation, thermal and plasma-assisted ALD NiO on Ni Veco demonstrated overpotentials of 470 and 560 mV, respectively, at 500 mA·cm^-2, outperforming pristine Ni Veco (640 mV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous removal of multiple organic micropollutants via UV-visible light driven BiVO4/TiO2-GO photoanode: Experimental and CFD study","authors":"Agha Zeeshan Ali ,&nbsp;Yuhao Wu ,&nbsp;Bas Wols ,&nbsp;Mohamad Zeidan ,&nbsp;Henri Spanjers ,&nbsp;Jan Peter van der Hoek","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the use of BiVO₄/TiO₂-GO heterojunction photoanode in a PEC based AOP to simultaneously remove four organic micropollutants (OMPs): benzotriazole (BTA), carbamazepine (CBZ), caffeine (CAF) and diclofenac (DIC) from demineralized water. Each OMP had an initial concentration of 40 µg L⁻¹. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) was used to deposit BiVO₄ and TiO₂-GO layers on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes. The heterojunction photoanode at an applied voltage of 1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) achieved simultaneous removal efficiencies of 100 % for DIC, 54 % for CBZ, 36 % for BTA and 33 % for BTA under simulated solar light. Compared to the pristine BiVO₄ photoanode, the heterojunction photoanode showed 50 % higher removal efficiency for BTA, CBZ and CAF. The reaction kinetics revealed that the first order rate coefficient for DIC removal was about nine times higher than that of CBZ and fifteen times higher than those of BTA and CAF. To assess scalability, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model incorporating the experimentally determined reaction kinetics was developed for a conceptually designed up-scaled PEC reactor. The model analyzed the effect of reactor design and fluid flow conditions on the removal of OMPs. Under turbulent flow conditions, enhanced removal efficiency was observed for all four OMPs, which was attributed to the effects of eddy diffusion and convective mixing. The optimized reactor design under turbulent flow condition achieved an 80 % removal efficiency for all four OMPs within 25 min under a light intensity of 400 W m⁻². The findings highlight the potential of BiVO₄/TiO₂-GO heterojunction photoanodes for efficient and scalable PEC water treatment, showing a promising approach for the elimination of OMPs from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ReaxFF molecular dynamics studies on the impact of reaction conditions in polystyrene conversion through hydrothermal gasification","authors":"Thi Be Ta Truong ,&nbsp;Do Tuong Ha ,&nbsp;Hien Duy Tong ,&nbsp;Thuat T. Trinh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics, particularly polystyrene (PS), are significant environmental pollutants due to their persistence and harmful effects on ecosystems and health. To address this issue, we explored hydrothermal gasification (HTG) as a novel approach for PS degradation using molecular dynamics simulations with ReaxFF. Our research reveals that HTG effectively converts PS into renewable syngas through complex reaction pathways influenced by temperature and water content. Temperature is critical in determining the dominant reaction mechanisms and syngas yield, while water plays a dual role of enhancing hydrogen production but also increasing activation energy for PS decomposition. The calculated activation energies vary significantly (198–289 kJ/mol), suggesting that optimizing reaction conditions is essential to maximize efficiency and hydrogen content in the produced syngas. This study provides insights into designing effective strategies for managing PS microplastic waste via hydrothermal gasification, aiming at a more sustainable future by converting plastics into valuable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cultivation and scale-up of marine microalgae Fistulifera peliculosa and Nannochloropsis oculata for sustainable aquaculture applications","authors":"Ashfaq Ahmad ,&nbsp;Syed Salman Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the aquacultural potential of marine microalgae strains <em>F. peliculosa</em> and <em>N. oculata</em>, which are renowned for their high protein, lipid, carotenoid, and carbohydrate contents. Microalgae are emerging as promising alternatives or supplements to traditional fish meal and fish oils because of their ability to provide sustainable and nutrient-rich resources for aquaculture. However, challenges, such as optimizing large-scale cultivation and culture medium composition, need to be addressed to realize their full potential. This study estimated the effects of various cultivation media (Conway, F/2, and TMRL) on microalgae cultivation from a laboratory to an upscale cultivation using an optimized medium and conditions. Brown marine strain <em>F. peliculosa</em> achieved the maximum cell density of 29.04 × 10⁶ cells/mL and maximum biomass production of 1.26 g/L in a 6 L NANO photobioreactor and 25.65 × 10⁶ cells/mL and 1.06 g/L in a 20 L tank using an optimized Conway medium. Conversely, the green marine strain <em>N. oculata</em> reached a maximum cell density of 80.82 × 10⁶ cells mL^-1 and maximum biomass production of 1.35 g/L in the NANO photobioreactor and 77.61 × 10⁶ cells/mL and maximum biomass production of 1.24 g/L in the 20 L tank with the optimum F/2 media composition. The highest lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content in <em>F. peliculosa</em> was 21.63 %, 18.76 %, and 11.13 %, respectively. For <em>N. oculata</em>, these values were 17.76 %, 32.23 %, and 12.76 %, respectively, in the F/2 media. Cultivation experiments demonstrated that <em>F. peliculosa</em> and <em>N. oculata</em> exhibited robust biomass productivity and nutrient profiles, underscoring their feasibility as sustainable inputs in aqua-fired formulations. These findings underscore the importance of these microalgal strains in promoting eco-friendly aquaculture practices and decreasing the dependence on overexploited marine resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting vapor flux in osmotic distillation: A comprehensive evaluation of operating conditions and membrane properties","authors":"Longxi Zhou,&nbsp;Di He,&nbsp;Zhangxin Wang,&nbsp;Yuanmiaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmotic distillation (OD) presents a promising technique for desalination in seawater electrolysis, but its effectiveness is hindered by low vapor flux and limited operational efficiency. This study employs a theoretical model to evaluate how operating conditions and membrane properties impact OD vapor flux. For conventional membranes, optimizing parameters mitigates concentration and temperature polarization but provides only modest increase in vapor flux, as the membrane contributes the majority of mass transfer resistance. With 0.6 M NaCl/3.5 M K₂CO₃ as feed/draw solutions, regardless of operating condition, the vapor flux of conventional membranes cannot exceed 0.94 kg m^-2 h^-1. In contrast, improving membrane properties, which leads to vapor permeability (<span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>) enhancement, offers significantly more potential for increasing vapor flux. However, this improvement must be paired with an increased thermal conduction coefficient (<span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) to avoid severe temperature polarization. Furthermore, our modeling results further indicate that operating condition optimization has a markedly larger impact on advanced membranes with improved <span><math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> than conventional membranes (60.7 % vs. 8.3 % vapor flux increase). These findings underscore the necessity for research efforts to prioritize the advancement of membrane design, while subsequent studies can focus on optimizing operating conditions alongside these improved membranes. This approach will significantly improve OD vapor flux and provide critical insights for the future development of OD technology, thereby facilitating its application in seawater electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production from wastewater-derived sludge: A systematic and critical review","authors":"Mohsen Ansari ,&nbsp;Hamzehali Jamali ,&nbsp;Reza Ghanbari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ,&nbsp;Parvin Zamani ,&nbsp;Behnam Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review has systematically examined the use of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts in producing biodiesel from wastewater-derived sludge using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. It highlighted the composition and characteristics of wastewater-derived sludge, presenting both the opportunities and challenges associated with its use as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Various types of catalysts were discussed, with a detailed exploration of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts, including zeolites, hetero-polyacid (HPA), mixed metal oxides, and sulphonic acid group catalysts. The advantages and limitations of these catalysts were critically analyzed, providing a balanced view of their potential for industrial applications. The application section delved into the catalytic transesterification reaction, mechanisms of biodiesel production, and effects of catalyst loading on the yield. Performance metrics, such as catalytic activity, stability, recyclability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact, were thoroughly evaluated, offering a clear understanding of the efficacy of these catalysts. The synthesis and characterization techniques were also reviewed, shedding light on the latest preparation methods and characterization techniques. Recent advances in catalyst development were presented, showcasing the innovative strides made in enhancing catalyst performance. The environmental and economic implications of using solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production were assessed, emphasizing the importance of sustainability and financial viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Chlorella microalgae for sustainable wastewater treatment and bioproduction","authors":"Yazan Abuhasheesh ,&nbsp;Aya Ghazal ,&nbsp;Doris Ying Ying Tang ,&nbsp;Fawzi Banat ,&nbsp;Shadi W. Hasan ,&nbsp;Pau Loke Show","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for effective and sustainable wastewater treatment strategies initiated a growing interest in treating wastewater with microalgal-based processes, especially <em>Chlorella</em> microalgae. Phycoremediation has been confirmed to be a highly effective method to efficiently remove numerous pollutants from wastewater, including industrial, municipal, household, and agricultural wastewater. This review discusses the dual role of <em>Chlorella</em> in both wastewater treatment and bioproduction, focusing on recent studies between 2019 and 2024. It emphasizes the ability of its different species to efficiently remediate various pollutants and the conversion of their biomass into a variety of valuable products, contributing to the circular bioeconomy. Furthermore, this review highlights the crucial role of incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing various conditions and parameters to enhance the phycoremediation and production processes to achieve greater cost-effectiveness. Ongoing research efforts aim to improve microalgae properties through synthetic biology, link them with other microorganisms, and incorporate cutting-edge technologies. These initiatives seek to accelerate the commercialization of microalgae for wastewater bioremediation and bioproduction, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel poly(ether sulfone isopropyl sulfide) support layer in thin film composite membrane for desalination","authors":"Armaghan Moghaddam,&nbsp;Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei,&nbsp;Samal Babanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to design a new polysulfone for the support layer of thin film composite (TFC) membranes and compare it with commercial structures for desalination applications. Accordingly, a novel random terpolymer was synthesized using the polycondensation reaction of bisphenol A and thiodiphenol with dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, comprising both methyl and sulfide groups in the backbone of the polymer. Subsequently, three asymmetric support layers were prepared using: the terpolymer, a polymer blend based on commercial polysulfone and a sulfide-containing polysulfone, and commercial polysulfone. Next, TFCs were prepared through the interfacial polymerization of polyamide on aforementioned support layers. Characterization was performed using ¹H NMR, FTIR, GPC, tensile test, water contact angle, DSC, TGA, SEM, ATR-FTIR, AFM, and zeta potential analyses. M_w, Young's modulus, and contact angle of prepared terpolymer were 88,000 g.mol⁻¹, 3684 MPa, and 59˚ which were predominant properties in respect to commercial polysulfone with 66,000 g.mol⁻¹, 2541 MPa, and 73˚ values, respectively. AFM analysis showed that the mean difference between the highest peaks and lowest valleys increased from 79 nm for commercial polysulfone to 219 nm for synthesized terpolymer. Finally, superior performance was observed for the terpolymer-based TFC with 97% NaCl rejection and excellent 91.8% saline solution flux recovery when tested against NaCl salt and BSA as a natural biofoulant. Long-term stability of water flux and salt rejection were observed as well, reaching ∼ 27 L.m⁻².h⁻¹ and 97.5% values, respectively. The results indicated that this terpolymer could be a promising substitute for commercial polysulfone in water purification membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative immobilization of lead, cadmium, and copper in soil using dead bacterial biomass and graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials","authors":"Asifa Farooqi ,&nbsp;Ejaz ul Haq ,&nbsp;Hooria Ikram Raja ,&nbsp;Hafiz Abdul Malik ,&nbsp;Yousaf Shad Muhammad ,&nbsp;Syed Hamza Safeer ,&nbsp;Sohail Yousaf ,&nbsp;Maximilian Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals (HM) are known to pose severe harm to the soil, crops, and human beings. The usefulness and efficiency of metal immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Cu ions using different doses of dead bacterial biomass (BM) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was evaluated and compared in spiked soil. The effectiveness of BM and g-C₃N₄ to immobilize metals in soil depends on the metal characteristics, dose of adsorbent, and contact time. The soil was spiked with two different metal concentrations. When comparing the two adsorbents, there was no significant difference observed in the immobilization of metals. Results showed a significant relationship between BM, g-C₃N_4, and metal fractions. At 200 mg kg^-1 BM, the increase in the RS fraction (residual fraction) of Pb, Cd, and Cu was 42, 44, and 68 %, respectively. At 200 mg kg^-1 g-C₃N_4, the RS fraction of Pb, Cd, and Cu was 48, 43, and 83 %, respectively. The maximum reduction in the exchangeable metal fraction was observed during the first 3 days of incubation. The adsorption of metals increased with time. Cu showed the highest adsorption (57 %) followed by Cd and Pb. The Cd adsorption increased from 35 % at Cd_125 to ∼55 % at Cd_275. There was no noticeable variation in the adsorption of Cu and relatively higher adsorption (35 %) was observed at Pb_160 and dropped to 30 % at Pb_330. The present study suggests using dead bacterial biomass as a cost-effective and environmentally benign adsorbent for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils instead of chemically synthesized nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9749,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal Advances","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143216339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}