Recent research on chemically modifying the surface of zero-valent iron: A mini review

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a widely employed material for environmental remediation due to its capability to effectively degrade or reduce various pollutants. The enhancement of its reactivity and applicability can be achieved through chemical surface modification. Chemical surface modification involves introducing specific chemical functional groups onto the surface of ZVI, altering its surface chemical properties and structural morphology. This article provides an overview of the advancements made in four commonly used chemical modifications of ZVI, namely ZVI sulfide, ZVI silicide, ZVI oxalate, and ZVI phosphate. The review examines the impacts of these four different modified compounds on the surface structure and reactivity of ZVI, as well as elucidates the mechanisms by which modified ZVI interacts with and removes pollutants. Furthermore, the article discusses the prospects and challenges associated with modified ZVI, offering valuable insights for future research and the application of environmental remediation technologies.