Cancers最新文献

{"title":"Exploratory Analysis of Molecular Subtypes in Early-Stage Osteosarcoma: Identifying Resistance and Optimizing Therapy.","authors":"Luka Bojic, Mina Peric, Jelena Karanovic, Emilija Milosevic, Natasa Kovacevic Grujicic, Milena Milivojevic","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. This exploratory study aimed to identify molecular subtypes of early-stage, treatment-naive OS to guide precise therapeutic strategies. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed RNA-seq data obtained from tumor tissues from 102 OS patients using a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm (NMF) to classify the tumors into three subtypes: S1, S2, and S3. Differential gene expression was evaluated using DESeq2, followed by functional enrichment analysis with clusterProfiler and CancerHallmarks. The tumor microenvironment was assessed through ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT, and drug sensitivity was predicted using OncoPredict. SAOS-2 and MG63 cells, representing the S1 subtype, were used in the viability essays to determine the effect of hesperidin, a natural phenolic compound noted for its anti-cancer potential, alone and in combination with doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. <b>Results:</b> This study revealed three OS subtypes: S1 was enriched in cell cycle regulation, vesicular transport, and RNA metabolism while S2 and S3 were enriched in pathways related to extracellular matrix organization and protein translation, respectively. S1 displayed high tumor purity, significant chemoresistance, and overexpression of KIF20 A, correlating with poor prognosis. <i>AURKB</i>, a hesperidin target, was implicated in S1 pathogenesis. In vitro, hesperidin significantly reduced the viability of SAOS-2 and MG63 cells and enhanced doxorubicin efficacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings support the molecular subclassification of OS, emphasizing subtype-specific mechanisms of tumor progression and chemoresistance, with hesperidin offering potential as a therapeutic adjunct for high-risk OS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Indications for Seed-Marked Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Adolfo Loayza, Elisa Moreno-Palacios, Laura Frías, Ylenia Navarro, Marcos Meléndez, Covadonga Martí, Diego Garrido, Alberto Berjón, Alicia Hernández, José I Sánchez-Méndez","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101682","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Marker placement in a pathological node improves extirpation rates in breast cancer cases with limited axillary involvement. Our goal was to assess the current indications for seed-marked axillary lymph node dissection (SMALND). <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a descriptive observational study, including 93 patients with cN1 breast cancer treated between January 2019 and December 2023. Seed placement was performed under ultrasound guidance, days before the procedure. Intraoperative detection was achieved using a probe, and resection was confirmed radiologically. <b>Results:</b> The primary indication was post-neoadjuvant therapy (72 patients: 60 for chemotherapy and 12 for hormone therapy), followed by initial surgery (14) and a single axillary recurrence (8). The extirpation rate of the marked axillary lymph node was 100%. In targeted axillary dissection (TAD), the concordance rate between the sentinel node and the marked axillary node was 85%. In the 12 cases of initial surgery, axillary lymphadenectomy was avoided because the marked node matched the sentinel node and was the only one involved. <b>Conclusions:</b> The use of seeds was proven to be highly useful in axillary surgery, both in cases of negativization following neoadjuvant therapy and in those with low axillary involvement or a single axillary recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies of Chemotherapy-Related Brain Volume Changes in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Sonya Utecht, Horacio Gomez-Acevedo, Jonathan Bona, Ellen van der Plas, Fred Prior, Linda J Larson-Prior","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101684","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Breast cancer chemotherapy patients and survivors face cognitive side effects that are not fully understood. Neuroimaging can provide a unique way to study these effects; however, it can be difficult to recruit large numbers of subjects. Our meta-analysis aims to synthesize volumetric neuroimaging data to highlight consistent findings in regional brain volume changes to further advance our understanding of the chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments faced by breast cancer patients and survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Activation Likelihood Estimation analysis was conducted across the data from eight voxel-based morphometry experiments examining changes in the brains of breast cancer patients and survivors exposed to chemotherapy over time and three voxel-based morphometry experiments comparing chemotherapy-exposed subjects to controls with and without breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were consistent volume reductions across the whole brain in both experiment groups. The subjects' over-time analysis showed peak consistency among the studies in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the left insula.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chemotherapy for non-central nervous system cancers such as breast cancer can cause physical changes throughout the brain that can be quantitatively measured by neuroimaging methodologies and may underlie persistent cognitive deficits in some individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalp Involvement in Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas-An Update on Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Management.","authors":"Karol Kołkowski, Martyna Sławińska, Beata Zagórska, Roman J Nowicki, Jerzy Jankau, Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101678","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) constitute a heterogeneous group of rare diseases. Previously, few studies have focused on the aspect of scalp involvement by PCLs. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostic pathways, and treatment methods in patients diagnosed with scalp PCLs. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, with the search terms \"scalp\" AND \"cutaneous lymphoma\", \"folliculotropic mycosis fungoides\" AND \"scalp\", \"trichoscopy\" AND \"lymphoma\", and \"dermoscopy\" AND \"scalp\" AND \"lymphoma.\" The search was limited to articles published from database inception to May 2, 2024. Based on the title and abstract analysis, we included articles on PCLs involving the scalp. After a thorough review of the full manuscripts, several were excluded due to irrelevance, the absence of essential clinical data, discrepancies in patient age, gender, and diagnosis, and a lack of information pertinent to scalp PCLs. The literature search identified 1482 patients with scalp involvement in PCLs. Of the total number of cases, 1096 were diagnosed with B-cell PCLs, 384 with T-cell PCLs, and two cases lacked a precise PCL diagnosis. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma was the most frequently reported B-cell PCL of the scalp, while mycosis fungoides was the most common T-cell PCL. Alopecia was observed in 69.0% of the patients analyzed, with the most prevalent form being non-scarring focal alopecia. It is imperative to consider the scalp in patients with PCLs, particularly in light of the knowledge that some lymphomas affecting the scalp exhibit a higher degree of aggressiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pain Education on Pain Relief in Oncological Patients: A Narrative Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Erika Galietta, Costanza M Donati, Alberto Bazzocchi, Rebecca Sassi, Arina A Zamfir, Renée Hovenier, Clemens Bos, Nikki Hendriks, Martijn F Boomsma, Mira Huhtala, Roberto Blanco Sequeiros, Holger Grüll, Simone Ferdinandus, Helena M Verkooijen, Alessio G Morganti","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101683","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is a complex and burdensome symptom frequently experienced by oncological patients. Despite increased attention from healthcare providers and novel approaches, pain remains undertreated and prevalent in this patient population. Programs of patient education about pain (pain education, PE) have been proposed as a potential method to enhance pain management. However, the effectiveness of such programs and their impact on pain relief have shown variable results across studies. In this narrative review, we analyzed existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses on PE in oncological patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases, following established guidelines. Studies meeting the selection criteria were selected and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of PE interventions. A total of nine publications, comprising six systematic reviews and three meta-analyses, were included. Across various clinical settings (inpatient and outpatient), the impact of pain education (PE) on pain intensity showed considerable variability: some reviews reported significant reductions, while others observed minimal or no effects. In contrast, PE consistently improved patients' knowledge about pain and adherence to medication. However, the available evidence did not demonstrate significant improvements in quality of life. The observed heterogeneity in the results of pain relief outcomes could be attributed to the various types of pain analyzed and the diversity of clinical settings evaluated. Furthermore, differences in study designs, comprising the inclusion of non-randomized studies, contributed to the variability in findings. It remains unclear whether the effectiveness of PE is solely attributed to the educational content or if the attention provided to patients during the intervention partly explains the effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Cancer Pathophysiology: Mechanisms and Changes in the Extracellular Matrix During Cancer Initiation and Early Tumour Growth.","authors":"Luis Larrea Murillo, Megan Green, Niall Mahon, Alberto Saiani, Olga Tsigkou","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101675","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer initiation and early tumour growth are complex processes influenced by multiple cellular and microenvironmental factors. A critical aspect of tumour progression is the dynamic interplay between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which undergoes significant alterations to support malignancy. The loss of cell polarity is an early hallmark of tumour progression, disrupting normal tissue architecture and fostering cancerous transformation. Circumstantially, cancer-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate key oncogenic processes, including ECM remodelling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenic vascular development, further driving tumour growth. ECM alterations, particularly changes in stiffness and mechanotransduction signals, create a supportive niche for cancer cells, enhancing their survival, proliferation, and invasion. EMT and its subtype, epithelial-to-endothelial transition (EET), contribute to tumour plasticity, promote the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and support tumour vascularisation. Furthermore, processes of vascular development like vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are critical for sustaining early tumour growth, supplying oxygen and nutrients to hypoxic malignant cells within the evolving cancerous microenvironments. This review explores key mechanisms underlying these changes in tumorigenic microenvironments, with an emphasis on their collective role for tumour initiation and early tumour growth. It will further delve into present <i>in vitro</i> modelling strategies developed to closely mimic early cancer pathophysiology. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing targeted therapies aimed at disrupting key cancer-promoting pathways and improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study.","authors":"Arianna Biasatti, Gabriele Bignante, Francesco Ditonno, Alessandro Veccia, Riccardo Bertolo, Alessandro Antonelli, Randall Lee, Daniel D Eun, Vitaly Margulis, Firas Abdollah, Takashi Yoshida, Ithaar H Derweesh, Margaret F Meagher, Giuseppe Simone, Gabriele Tuderti, Eugenio Bologna, Reza Mehrazin, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Chandru P Sundaram, Courtney Yong, Andrea Minervini, Andrea Mari, Luca Lambertini, Matteo Ferro, Nirmish Singla, Savio D Pandolfo, Daniele Amparore, Enrico Checcucci, Mark L Gonzalgo, James R Porter, Alireza Ghoreifi, Roberto Contieri, Sisto Perdonà, Francesco Porpiglia, Hooman Djaladat, Saum Ghodoussipour, Riccardo Autorino","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101668","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy, representing only 5-10% of urothelial carcinoma. The mainstay of treatment for high-risk patients is radical nephroureterectomy. Given the aggressive behavior of this disease, additional treatments could be required perioperatively in terms of chemotherapy (CHT), either in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. On the other hand, low-risk and selected cases can be managed with kidney-sparing surgery (KSS). The ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer STudy (ROBUUST) is an ongoing international, multicenter registry of patients undergoing surgery for UTUC. After conducting a literature search in February 2025 using the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase databases, we identified 14 studies based on the ROBUUST data analyses. There are several key topics concerning UTUC that remain under debate and were therefore addressed in these studies, focusing on preoperative evaluation and planning, surgical techniques and intraoperative procedures, additional perioperative treatments, and outcomes. The ROBUUST registry has served as a valuable source for a growing body of investigations focusing on various aspects of UTUC treatment planning, decision-making, and outcomes, providing innovative tools and enabling large-scale, novel analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivorship in Tumors of the Sinonasal Tract: The Need for Improved Awareness, Patient Education, and an Emphasis on Multi-Disciplinary Care.","authors":"Jacklyn Liu, Anthony Tang, Umar Rehman, Marci L Nilsen, Carl H Snyderman, Nyall R London, Valerie J Lund, Matt Lechner","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101666","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sinonasal cancer treatment confers extensive and diverse sequela, which may persist for months to years after treatment or manifest as late effects. Furthermore, recurrences are common for some subtypes and may occur beyond five years post-treatment of the initial malignancy. Altogether, these can place a substantial physical, psychosocial, and economic burden on the survivor. Due to the rarity of these cancers, there are limited data to comprehensively elucidate the landscape of treatment-related morbidity in the long term. Furthermore, survivors may lack awareness of the entirety of possible adverse effects, which may exacerbate their long-term psychosocial well-being and quality of life, and delay attainment of appropriate care. To enable the development of patient education strategies and provide clinicians with up-to-date, evidence-based information on the long-term and/or late morbidity associated with sinonasal cancer treatment, a comprehensive review was performed. There is a wide range of issues that survivors face, both due to the sinonasal cancer itself and as a result of the treatment, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary survivorship care. Importantly, survivorship care will greatly benefit from patient and public involvement, alongside input from medical, surgical, and allied health professionals, to ensure that all aspects of care are addressed throughout the survivor journey.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Clinical Feasibility of Three Assessment Methods for Head and Neck Lymphedema in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.","authors":"Kaat Van Aperen, Sandra Nuyts, Thierry Troosters, Nele Devoogdt, Tessa De Vrieze, Ceren Gürsen, Kaat Verbeelen, Johannes Devos, An De Groef","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101672","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Head and neck lymphedema (HNL) is a common complication after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Reliable and feasible assessment methods are essential for monitoring and management. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and clinical feasibility of three methods for assessing external HNL in HNC patients: local tissue water (%) using the MoistureMeterD Compact (MMDC), neck circumference using a tape measure, and dermal thickness using B-mode ultrasound. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty-three HNC patients with potential HNL were included. Measurements were performed on the same day, twice by the same rater and once by a different rater. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC^2,1), (relative) standard error of measurement ((%)SEM), smallest real difference (SRD), systematic differences across measurement occasions, and Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were analyzed. Time efficiency and clinical limitations were assessed. As an exploratory analysis, Spearman correlations among methods were examined. <b>Results</b>: All methods demonstrated moderate to very strong reliability (ICCs^2,1 0.781-0.994), except dermal thickness (ICCs^2,1 0.136-0.354). Differences between raters and within one rater were not clinically meaningful. Neck circumference showed the highest reliability (ICCs^2,1 0.958-0.994) and was the fastest to perform with the fewest limitations. The methods showed weak correlations with each other. <b>Conclusions</b>: Neck circumference was the most reliable and time-efficient method assessing HNL in clinical practice but is limited to the neck region. For the head, local tissue water assessment seems the most reliable and feasible. The methods assess different aspects of HNL. Further research should confirm how these methods can complement each another.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Genes to Environment: Elucidating Pancreatic Carcinogenesis Through Genetically Engineered and Risk Factor-Integrated Mouse Models.","authors":"Bin Yan, Anne-Kristin Fritsche, Erik Haußner, Tanvi Vikrant Inamdar, Helmut Laumen, Michael Boettcher, Martin Gericke, Patrick Michl, Jonas Rosendahl","doi":"10.3390/cancers17101676","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17101676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is characterized by late diagnosis, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis, necessitating the exploration of early carcinogenesis and prevention methods. Preclinical mouse models have evolved from cell line-based to human tumor tissue- or organoid-derived xenografts, now to humanized mouse models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). GEMMs, primarily driven by oncogenic Kras mutations and tumor suppressor gene alterations, offer a realistic platform for investigating pancreatic cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. The incorporation of inducible somatic mutations and CRISPR-Cas9 screening methods has expanded their utility. To better recapitulate tumor initiation triggered by inflammatory cues, common pancreatic risk factors are being integrated into model designs. This approach aims to decipher the role of environmental factors as secondary or parallel triggers of tumor initiation alongside oncogenic burdens. Emerging models exploring pancreatitis, obesity, diabetes, and other risk factors offer significant translational potential. This review describes current mouse models for studying pancreatic carcinogenesis, their combination with inflammatory factors, and their utility in evaluating pathogenesis, providing guidance for selecting the most suitable models for pancreatic cancer research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12110317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144157127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}