Cancers最新文献

{"title":"A New Blood-Based Epigenetic Diagnostic Biomarker Test (EpiSwitch^®® NST) with High Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value for Colorectal Cancer and Precancerous Polyps.","authors":"Ewan Hunter, Heba Alshaker, Cicely Weston, Mutaz Issa, Shekinah Bautista, Abel Gebregzabhar, Anya Virdi, Ann Dring, Ryan Powell, Jayne Green, Roshan Lal, Vamsi Velchuru, Kamal Aryal, Muhammad Radzi Bin Abu Hassan, Goh Tiong Meng, Janisha Suriakant Patel, Shameera Pharveen Mohamed Gani, Chun Ren Lim, Thomas Guiel, Alexandre Akoulitchev, Dmitri Pchejetski","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030521","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from the epithelial lining of the colon or rectum, often following a progression from benign adenomatous polyps to malignant carcinoma. Screening modalities such as colonoscopy, faecal immunochemical tests (FIT), and FIT-DNA are critical for early detection and prevention, but non-invasive methods lack sensitivity to polyps and early CRC. Chromosome conformations (CCs) are potent epigenetic regulators of gene expression. We have previously developed an epigenetic assay, EpiSwitch^®®, that employs an algorithmic-based CCs analysis. Using EpiSwitch^®® technology, we have shown the presence of cancer-specific CCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary tumours of patients with melanoma and prostate cancer. EpiSwitch^®®-based commercial tests are now available to diagnose prostate cancer with 94% accuracy (PSE test) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors across 14 cancers with 85% accuracy (CiRT test). Methods/Results/Conclusions: Using blood samples collected from <i>n</i> = 171 patients with CRC, <i>n</i> = 44 patients with colorectal polyps and <i>n</i> = 110 patients with a 'clear' colonoscopy we performed whole Genome DNA screening for CCs correlating to CRC diagnosis. Our findings suggest the presence of two eight-marker CC signatures (EpiSwitch^®® NST) in whole blood that allow diagnosis of CRC and precancerous polyps, respectively. Independent validation cohort testing demonstrated high accuracy in identifying colorectal polyps and early versus late stages of CRC with an exceptionally high sensitivity of 79-90% and a high positive prediction value of 60-84%. Linking the top diagnostic CCs to nearby genes, we have built pathways maps that likely underline processes contributing to the pathology of polyp and CRC progression, including TGFβ, cMYC, Rho GTPase, ROS, TNFa/NFκB, and APC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family-Level Impact of Germline Genetic Testing in Childhood Cancer: A Multi Family Member Interview Analysis.","authors":"Sophie Van Hoyweghen, Kathleen B M Claes, Robin de Putter, Claire E Wakefield, Marie Van Poucke, Marieke Van Schoors, Sabine Hellemans, Lesley Verhofstadt","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030517","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Germline genetic testing is increasingly being integrated into pediatric oncology and a large number of families are interested. Current research on the psychological impact of germline genetic testing is limited by a main focus on individual outcomes in parents or children and little is known about its impact at the family level. Our study addresses that limitation by exploring parents' lived experiences of how their family-as a whole-is affected by germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition. <b>Methods:</b> In six families who opted for germline genetic testing in the context of cancer predisposition, both parents of six ill children (five boys) with an average age of 9.67 years (SD = 3.77 years) were interviewed individually (N = 12). Germline genetic testing was performed by exome sequencing followed by analysis of a panel of childhood cancer predisposition genes in pediatric cancer patients and their parents. Their experiences were elicited through semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed using Multi Family Member Interview Analysis. This qualitative study was conducted at Ghent University Hospital in Belgium. <b>Results:</b> The findings demonstrated that while germline genetic testing was generally viewed as a valuable and straightforward step in the child's oncology trajectory, parents found it difficult to distinguish its impact from the overwhelming stressors of their child's cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, parents recognized that the testing also significantly affected various family-level processes. Five main themes were identified: talking about germline genetic testing, being together matters (more), differences in coping with germline genetic testing between partners, feelings of guilt and mutual forgiveness, and concerns about the future health of the family. <b>Conclusions:</b> Given the expanded use of germline genetic testing in pediatric oncology, it is critical for clinicians to address the family-level impacts of germline genetic testing. Although families are affected by these issues, they often do not raise them due to the overwhelming challenges posed by the cancer diagnosis and treatment. Proactively addressing these themes could improve the support provided to families undergoing germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Status of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer in Japan: A Paradigm Shift from Oral Fluoropyridine Single Therapy to the Oxaliplatin Regimen.","authors":"Nobuhisa Teranishi, Hiroyuki Uetake","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030518","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) has been reported overseas; however, in Japan, the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is reported to be good, and there has been a long debate about the applicability of L-OHP combination therapy in Japan. In recent years, the results of the ACHIEVE trial have become clear, and the standard consensus in Japan establishes L-OHP combination therapy for a duration of 3 months as the adjuvant treatment for CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Preoperative Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy on Autologous Breast Reconstruction Outcomes-A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Caterina M Nava, Jérôme Martineau, Edward T C Dong, Gauthier Zinner, Carlo M Oranges","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030512","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) significantly improve breast cancer outcomes, they may affect breast reconstruction by causing vascular damage and delayed wound healing. This retrospective study evaluates how preoperative RT, CT, or the combination of both impacts intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in immediate or delayed deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstructions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center review of all patients undergoing autologous DIEP flap reconstruction after mastectomy between 2018 and 2024. Patients were divided into four groups: RT only, CT only, a combination of RT and CT, and a control group with no preoperative therapies. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were then compared among these groups, with statistical significance defined as <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 114 patients representing 141 DIEP-flap breast reconstructions. Flap survival rate was 98.5%. In the univariate analysis, total microvascular recipient site complications were significantly higher in the RT + CT group (14.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Donor-site complication rates differed significantly among the four groups (<i>p</i> = 0.025), with the highest rate observed in the RT + CT group (44.7%). In the logistic regression analysis, ischemia time was found as an independent risk factor for total recipient site complications, but not for microvascular complications (OR = 1.019, 95%-CI = 1.004-1.035, <i>p</i> = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combined RT + CT significantly increased microsurgical complications. Ischemia time correlated with higher odds of total recipient site complications. Individualized patient management and diminished ischemia time are likely to improve flap survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Toxicity of Bevacizumab in Children with NF2-Related Schwannomatosis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Annemijn L Tops, Josefine E Schopman, Radboud W Koot, Hans Gelderblom, Nabila A Putri, Latifah N A Rahmi, Jeroen C Jansen, Erik F Hensen","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030519","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is a tumor predisposition syndrome that typically presents with bilateral vestibular schwannomas, together with other intracranial and spinal schwannomas, meningiomas, and/or ependymomas. Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, has the potential to decrease schwannoma volume and improve hearing in adults, but the literature on the effects in children is sparse. This narrative review aims to evaluate the use of bevacizumab in pediatric NF2 patients, focusing on hearing, tumor progression, and toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier on 18 July 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients ≤ 18 years, diagnosed with NF2 and treated with bevacizumab. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the evidence and extracted relevant data from the included articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen articles including 62 pediatric NF2 patients met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied widely in treatment regimens and outcome parameters. Tumor regression was reported in 6/56 patients (11%) and 38/56 (68%) remained stable. Hearing improved in 15/45 patients (33%) and did not further deteriorate in 27/45 (60%). An improvement in other symptoms was seen in 6/29 patients (28%). Toxicity was reported in five studies, documenting 13 adverse events in 28 patients ranging from grade 1 to grade 3. Treatment was discontinued in both patients who experienced grade 3 toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bevacizumab seems to be a viable treatment option for pediatric NF2 patients. Tumor regression or stabilization is achieved in the majority of patients (77%). Moreover, a considerable number of pediatric patients experience hearing stabilization or improvement (93%). Bevacizumab appears to be relatively well tolerated, offering a non-invasive therapeutic option for children with NF2 suffering from progressive vestibular schwannomas and hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Pancreatic Cancer Prediction with a Next Visit Token Prediction Head on Top of Med-BERT.","authors":"Jianping He, Laila Rasmy, Degui Zhi, Cui Tao","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030516","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic Health Records (EHRs) encompass valuable data essential for disease prediction. The application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, significantly enhances disease prediction by analyzing extensive EHR datasets to identify hidden patterns, facilitating early detection. Recently, numerous foundation models pretrained on extensive data have demonstrated efficacy in disease prediction using EHRs. However, there remains some unanswered questions on how to best utilize such models, especially with very small fine-tuning cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Med-BERT, an EHR-specific foundation model, and reformulated the disease binary prediction task into a token prediction task and a next visit mask token prediction task to align with Med-BERT's pretraining task format in order to improve the accuracy of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) prediction in both few-shot and fully supervised settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reformulation of the task into a token prediction task, referred to as Med-BERT-Sum, demonstrated slightly superior performance in both few-shot scenarios and larger data samples. Furthermore, reformulating the prediction task as a Next Visit Mask Token Prediction task (Med-BERT-Mask) significantly outperformed the conventional Binary Classification (BC) prediction task (Med-BERT-BC) by 3% to 7% in few-shot scenarios with data sizes ranging from 10 to 500 samples. These findings highlight that aligning the downstream task with Med-BERT's pretraining objectives substantially enhances the model's predictive capabilities, thereby improving its effectiveness in predicting both rare and common diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reformatting disease prediction tasks to align with the pretraining of foundation models enhances prediction accuracy, leading to earlier detection and timely intervention. This approach improves treatment effectiveness, survival rates, and overall patient outcomes for PaCa and potentially other cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Trials of Focused Ultrasound for Brain Tumors.","authors":"Victor M Lu, Toba N Niazi","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030513","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is unclear as to where we stand with respect to utilizing emerging focused ultrasound (FUS) technology in the setting of brain tumor treatment in pediatric patients, such as malignant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, and various adult counterparts. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to present a contemporary summary of all pertinent clinical trials to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ClinicalTrials.gov database was reviewed in January 2025 for all possible clinical trials involving FUS in the management of brain tumors. These were then screened against selection criteria to identify pertinent clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 clinical trials were identified. The majority were focused on adult patients (24/30, 80%), with the most common tumor type being glioblastoma (GBM) (14/30, 47%). There were also trials focused on pediatric patients only (5/30, 17%), as well as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (5/30, 17%). The most prevalent primary outcome of interest was safety (26/30, 87%). The majority of trials were active, either recruiting currently (12/30, 40%), or active but not recruiting currently (3/30, 10%). North America (22/30, 73%) was the most common location for the primary coordinating institution, and the median number of institutions per trial was one. The median expected start year for all trials was 2021, and the completion year was 2024. To date, there have been no results (interim or final) formally reported, although preliminary reports in the literature indicate this to be a safe procedure. Anecdotal trends suggest later trials target the blood-brain barrier more, involve more pediatric patients, and are more based in the United States.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There exists a number of early-stage clinical trials investigating FUS to treat a variety of brain tumors in pediatric patients, as well as adult patients, with a significant clinical potential to improve outcomes. To date, no official results have been published, however anecdotal evidence is promising, and a number of results are expected soon.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Efficacy and Toxicity of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab as First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) in a Subpopulation of Elderly and Poor Performance Status Patients.","authors":"Noa Shani Shrem, Ana-Alicia Beltran-Bless, Sunita Ghosh, Camilla Tajzler, Lori A Wood, Christian Kollmannsberger, Naveen S Basappa, Jeffrey Graham, Nazanin Fallah-Rad, Daniel Y C Heng, Denis Soulières, Aly-Khan A Lalani, Rodney H Breau, Antonio Finelli, Simon Tanguay, Bimal Bhindi, Georg Bjarnason, Frederic Pouliot, Christina Canil","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030522","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ipilimumab and nivolumab (ipi/nivo) improved overall survival (OS) compared to sunitinib in the pivotal Checkmate 214 trial of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) intermediate/poor risk disease. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of ipi/nivo in older and frailer populations in a real-world mRCC cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis was conducted on a real-world cohort with mRCC (N = 551) treated with first-line ipi/nivo from the Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) database from January 2014 to December 2021. A comparison was made between outcomes and toxicity in patients 1. <70 versus (vs.) ≥70 yo, 2. <75 vs. ≥75 yo, and 3. KPS ≥70 vs. <70 yo. OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and time to treatment failure (TTF) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Log-rank tests were used for comparison between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ipi/nivo treatment had no impact on survival outcomes or toxicity for patients >70 yo and >75 yo when controlled for IMDC. However, when comparing patients with KPS > 70 vs. KPS < 70, patients with a poor performance status had decreased median OS at 54.5 m vs. 10.8 m (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001) and PFS at 11.6 vs. 3.1 m (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of ipi/nivo in mRCC demonstrated similar survival outcomes and toxicity in an older patient population. In patients with a poor performance status, it was associated with inferior OS and PFS. We believe that ipi/nivo is a reasonable treatment option for these patient populations, particularly in older patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesion Conspicuity in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumor Characteristics.","authors":"Chiara Bellini, Tommaso Susini, Kassandra Toncelli, Martina Pandolfi, Giuliano Migliaro, Francesca Pugliese, Bianca Vanzi, Ludovica Incardona, Giulia Bicchierai, Federica di Naro, Diego de Benedetto, Sofia Vidali, Silvia Pancani, Vittorio Miele, Jacopo Nori Cucchiari","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030501","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of tumor characteristics on lesion conspicuity in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and identify factors associated with different levels of conspicuity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we analyzed 552 patients with breast cancer who underwent CEM. Lesion conspicuity was categorized into three levels: 1 (low), 2 (moderate), and 3 (high). Tumor characteristics included age, histological subtype, hormone receptor status, HER2 status, Ki67 index, tumor grade, and molecular subtype. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between lesion conspicuity and these factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 552 cases, the majority showed mass enhancement (78.1%), followed by non-mass enhancement (NME) (16.8%), and a combination of mass and NME (4.0%). Lesion conspicuity was significantly associated with enhancement type on CEM (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High conspicuity (score 3) was predominantly observed in masses (84.8%) compared to NME (7.6%). Larger tumor dimensions (median 20 mm) were also associated with higher conspicuity (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Molecular subtypes differed significantly in conspicuity, with Luminal A tumors showing lower conspicuity compared to HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers (<i>p</i> = 0.025). In multivariate analysis, lesion conspicuity was strongly associated with enhancement type (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and tumor dimensions (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while histological subtype and molecular characteristics had no significant independent impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lesion conspicuity in CEM is primarily influenced by the type of enhancement and tumor size. Mass-forming lesions, particularly larger ones, are more conspicuous, while NME tends to result in lower conspicuity. These findings suggest that enhancement patterns and tumor dimensions are key factors to consider when interpreting CEM in breast cancer diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11815910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of First-Line Treatments for Unresectable Pleural Mesothelioma: Indirect Comparisons from Reconstructed Individual Patient Data of Six Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Andrea Messori, Sabrina Trippoli, Eugenia Piragine, Sara Veneziano, Vincenzo Calderone","doi":"10.3390/cancers17030503","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cancers17030503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In unresectable pleural mesothelioma, pemetrexed+cisplatin as first line is considered the standard of care, but novel treatments have been recently proposed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our objective was to compare, albeit indirectly, the results of randomized controlled trials on overall survival (OS). The IPDfromKM method was employed for reconstruct individual patient data (IPD) from the graphs of Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox statistics was run to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a literature search on Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus databases, six randomized controlled trials were identified in which five new treatments (nivolumab plus ipilimumab, bevacizumab plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin, chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab, ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin and cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib) were evaluated. In five trials, pemetrexed plus cisplatin was the standard of care given to the control arms. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab, bevacizumab plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin and chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab showed a significantly better OS compared with controls. ONCOS-102 plus pemetrexed plus cisplatin/carboplatin did not significantly improve OS. In contrast, OS worsened with cisplatin alone and with cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our analysis indicates that, in patients with unresectable pleural mesothelioma, three of the five novel treatments provided a significant survival benefit compared with the standard of care. Further research is needed to confirm the OS benefit found in our analysis with some treatments, whereas cisplatin alone and cediranib plus pemetrexed+cisplatin with maintenance with cediranib do not seem to deserve further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11815993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}