Cancers最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Danish Cancer Patient Pathways on Survival in Deep-Seated, High-Grade Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in the Extremities and Trunk Wall: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Andrea Thorn, Kristoffer Michael Seem, Maj-Lis Talman, Bodil E Engelmann, Michala Skovlund Sørensen, Ninna Aggerholm-Pedersen, Thomas Baad-Hansen, Michael Mørk Petersen","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare and challenging to diagnose due to their heterogeneous presentation. In 2009, Denmark introduced the Cancer Patient Pathways for sarcomas (CPPs) to improve sarcoma treatment by streamlining diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the CPPs on the overall survival of patients with deep-seated, high-grade STSs, comparing outcomes from before and after CPP implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 712 patients diagnosed with high-grade STSs in the extremities or trunk wall between 2000 and 2018. Patients were grouped into pre-CPP (2000-2008) and post-CPP (2010-2018) cohorts. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The five-year overall survival improved from 43% in the pre-CPP cohort to 52% post-CPP (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Time-to-treatment was significantly reduced in the post-CPP cohort, with a median decrease of 3 days (18 vs. 15 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We found only a very weak tendency toward larger tumor sizes in the pre-CPP cohort and no difference regarding the percentage of patients that had distant metastases at diagnosis between cohorts. In the post-CPP cohort, the percentage of whoops operations decreased and the use of oncological services increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the introduction of the CPPs for the sarcoma patients, overall survival improved and time to treatment was reduced. This study highlights the importance of efficient referral pathways in improving cancer outcomes but cannot exclude that other factors could also have contributed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion-Related Cost and Time Burden Offsets in Patients with Myelofibrosis Treated with Momelotinib in the SIMPLIFY-1 and SIMPLIFY-2 Trials.","authors":"Lucia Masarova, Tom Liu, Mirko Fillbrunn, Weilong Li, Gautam Sajeev, Sumati Rao, Boris Gorsh, James Signorovitch","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Red blood cell transfusions for anemia impose high financial and healthcare resource utilization burdens on patients with myelofibrosis (MF). This study estimates projected differences in medical costs and transfusion-related cost and time burdens with momelotinib vs. ruxolitinib or best available therapy (BAT) in Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor-naive and -experienced patients. <b>Methods:</b> Analyses used 24-week transfusion data from the phase 3 SIMPLIFY-1 and SIMPLIFY-2 trials and cost estimates from a study of adult patients with MF using the US IBM MarketScan Commercial database. The analyses were stratified by transfusion status at baseline (transfusion dependent [TD], transfusion independent/requiring [TI/TR]). Subgroup analyses were conducted among patients with anemia (moderate anemia, hemoglobin ≥ 8 to <10 g/dL; moderate-to-severe anemia, hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) and for patients aged ≥65 years. Cost estimates for patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from a study using the Medicare Fee-for-Service database. <b>Results:</b> In JAK inhibitor-naive patients, momelotinib was projected to result in cost and time savings vs. ruxolitinib in both TD and TI/TR patients across all populations evaluated. Projected cost and time savings were also observed with momelotinib vs. BAT in JAK inhibitor-experienced patients across all populations evaluated, primarily in TD patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that momelotinib may provide medical and transfusion-related cost and time burden offsets for both JAK inhibitor-naive and -experienced patients with MF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Treatment Landscape of Frontline Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Whi-An Kwon, Min-Kyung Lee","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has long been the standard first-line (1L) treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, up to 50% of patients with mUC may be ineligible for cisplatin owing to comorbidities, necessitating alternative primary treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a vital alternative for those unable to receive cisplatin. Nevertheless, the prognosis of advanced UC remains dire and challenges persist in optimizing 1L therapy. Recent medical advancements have redirected attention towards innovative drug combinations for the primary treatment of mUC. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab has shown significantly improved overall and progression-free survival rates compared to those with chemotherapy alone. This combination can be used as a 1L treatment for patients with mUC who are cisplatin-ineligible or require alternatives to standard chemotherapy. While platinum-based chemotherapy continues to be essential for many patients, the approval of EV and pembrolizumab as 1L treatments for cisplatin-ineligible patients signifies a major breakthrough in primary cancer care. These therapies offer enhanced outcomes in terms of survival and response rates and highlight the increasing relevance of ICI-containing regimens in frontline cancer care. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the current frontline treatment landscape of mUC and explores new therapeutic strategies, with the aim of facilitating clinical decision-making and guiding therapeutic strategies in patients with mUC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing COVID-19 Screening Delays: The Impact of HPV Self-Sampling on Non-Attenders in a Cervical Cancer Screening Program.","authors":"Angela Chiereghin, Lorenzo Pizzi, Carolina Buriani, Tiziana Sanna, Andrea Amico, Lorena Squillace, Elena Molinari, Maria Siponta Florean, Giovanni Lanza, Francesca Mezzetti","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Self-sampling is recognized as a viable alternative to clinician-sampling for HPV primary screening. This study aimed to assess, within an Italian organized cervical cancer screening program, the acceptance and ease of use of self-sampling and the adherence to follow-up. The prevalences of HPV infection, cervical dysplasia, and cancer were contextually evaluated. <b>Methods</b>: Electronic records of 19,327 women, 30-64 years-old, residing within the Bologna Local Health Authority territory, who were offered self-sampling as an alternative to clinician-sampling, were retrospectively reviewed. They had never or irregularly attended and were overdue for a screening invitation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An opt-in approach was adopted, involving local pharmacies for kit delivery and sample collection. Initially, HPV-positive results led to direct referral to colposcopy; later, cytological triage on clinician-samples was provided. <b>Results</b>: Self-sampling reached over twice as many women (11.5%) compared to historical clinician-sampling alone (<5%), showing high acceptance. Additionally, a high screening completion level was observed, with 79.5% of self-samples returned to pharmacies. A low percentage of self-samples resulted in inadequate results (1.1%), suggesting the method's ease of use. HPV-positivity was 13.1%, higher than the 9.9% recorded in the ordinary screening population in 2019 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), the last year before the pandemic. Compliance to both immediate colposcopy and cytology triage exceeded 90% (<i>p</i> = 0.675). The rate of cervical adenocarcinoma was twice as high as in the routinely screened population in 2019 (0.9‱ versus 0.4‱). Finally, 6% of women opted for clinician appointments. <b>Conclusions</b>: Self-sampling proved to be an easy-to-use and effective tool for reaching non-attenders, who are at high risk of cancer. Cytology triage on clinician-samples did not negatively impact follow-up adherence. It seems appropriate to maintain a clinician-collection option even among non-attenders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regorafenib Combined with BRAF/MEK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Melanoma Brain Metastases.","authors":"Iris Dirven, Eden Pierre, An-Sofie Vander Mijnsbrugge, Manon Vounckx, Jolien I Kessels, Bart Neyns","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are no active treatment options for patients with progressive melanoma brain metastases (MBM) failing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi). Regorafenib (REGO), an oral multi-kinase inhibitor (incl. RAF-dimer inhibition), can overcome adaptive resistance to BRAF/MEKi in preclinical models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center retrospective case series of patients with refractory MBM treated with REGO plus BRAF/MEKi (compassionate use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 patients were identified (18 <i>BRAF</i>-mutant, 4 <i>NRAS</i>^Q61-mutant; 19 with progressive MBM; 11 on corticosteroids). Thirteen <i>BRAF</i>^V600-mutant patients were progressing on BRAF/MEKi at the time of REGO association. <i>BRAF</i>-mutant patients received REGO (40-80 mg once daily) combined with BRAF/MEKi, <i>NRAS</i>-mutant patients were treated with REGO + MEKi (+low-dose BRAFi to mitigate skin-toxicity). Grade 3 TRAE included arterial hypertension (<i>n</i> = 4) and maculopapular rash (<i>n =</i> 3). There were no G4/5 TRAE. In <i>BRAF</i>-mutant patients, overall and intracranial objective response rates (overall ORR and IC-ORR) were 11 and 29%, and overall and intracranial disease control rates (overall DCR and IC-DCR) were 44 and 59%, respectively. In <i>NRAS</i>-mutant patients overall ORR and IC-ORR were 0 and 25% and overall DCR and IC-DCR were 25 and 50%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were, respectively, 7.1 and 16.4 weeks in <i>BRAF</i>-mutant and 8.6 and 10.1 weeks in <i>NRAS</i>-mutant patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In heavily pretreated patients with refractory MBM, REGO combined with BRAF/MEKi demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity with an acceptable safety profile. In <i>BRAF</i>^V600-mutant melanoma patients, responses cannot solely be attributed to BRAF/MEKi rechallenge. Further investigation in a prospective trial is ongoing to increase understanding of the efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Machine Learning Models to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis of Japanese Localized Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Hideto Ueki, Tomoaki Terakawa, Takuto Hara, Munenori Uemura, Yasuyoshi Okamura, Kotaro Suzuki, Yukari Bando, Jun Teishima, Yuzo Nakano, Raizo Yamaguchi, Hideaki Miyake","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Extended pelvic lymph node dissection is a crucial surgical technique for managing intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer. Accurately predicting lymph node metastasis before surgery can minimize unnecessary lymph node dissections and their associated complications. This study assessed the efficacy of various machine learning models for predicting lymph node metastasis in a cohort of Japanese patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 625 patients who underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection or standard dissection with lymph node metastasis between October 2010 and February 2023 were analyzed. Four machine learning models-Random Forest, Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine-were used to predict lymph node metastasis. Their performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, a decision curve analysis, and predictive values at different thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lymph node metastasis was observed in 34 patients (5.4%). The Light Gradient-Boosting Machine had the highest AUC of 0.924, followed by the Random Forest model with an AUC of 0.894. The decision curve analysis indicated substantial net benefits for both models, particularly at low threshold probabilities. The Light Gradient-Boosting Machine demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving 95.6% at the 0.05 threshold and 96.7% at the 0.10 threshold, outperforming other models and conventional nomograms in the validation dataset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning models, especially Light Gradient-Boosting Machine and Random Forest, show significant potential for predicting lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer, thereby aiding in reducing unnecessary surgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies Immunostimulatory Properties of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Agents in TNBC.","authors":"Kennady K Bullock, Thomas Hasaka, Emily Days, Joshua A Bauer, Patricia A Ward, Ann Richmond","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) typically have a greater immune cell infiltrate and are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) than ER+ or HER2+ breast cancers. However, there is a crucial need to optimize combining chemotherapy strategies with ICI to enhance overall survival in TNBC. <b>Methods:</b> Therefore, we developed a high-throughput co-culture screening assay to identify compounds that enhance CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. Over 400 FDA-approved compounds or agents under investigation for oncology indications were included in the screening library. <b>Results:</b> Four chemotherapy agents were chosen as priority hits for mechanistic follow-up due to their ability to enhance T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity at multiple doses and multiple time points: paclitaxel, bleomycin sulfate, ispinesib, and etoposide. Lead compounds affected the expression of MHCI, MHCII, and PD-L1 and induced markers of immunogenic cell death (extracellular ATP or HMGB1). <b>Conclusions:</b> Based on the ability to increase tumor cell susceptibility to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity while minimizing T-cell toxicity, bleomycin was identified as the most promising lead candidate. Overall, the results of these studies provide mechanistic insight into potential new chemotherapy partners to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in TNBC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Downregulation of CRIF1 Exerts Antitumor Effects Partially via TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator Induction in BT549 Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Shuyu Piao, Seonhee Kim, Giang-Huong Vu, Minsoo Kim, Eun-Ok Lee, Byeong Hwa Jeon, Cuk-Seong Kim","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been exploited as a therapeutic target in cancer treatments because of its crucial role in tumorigenesis. CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1), a mitochondrial ribosomal subunit protein, is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity. However, the mechanism of CRIF1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods/results: </strong>We showed that the downregulation of CRIF1 reduced cell proliferation in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and, especially, BT549. In addition, wound scratch and Transwell assays showed that CRIF1 deficiency inhibited the migration and invasion of BT549 cells. CRIF1 downregulation resulted in the suppression of mitochondrial bioenergetics in BT549 cells, specifically affecting the inhibition of OXPHOS complexes I and II. This was evidenced by a decrease in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Damage to mitochondria resulted in a lower adenosine triphosphate level and an elevated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In addition, CRIF1 deficiency decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α accumulation, NADPH synthesis, and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) expression in BT549 cells. These events contributed to G0/G1-phase cell cycle inhibition and the upregulation of the cell cycle protein markers p53, p21, and p16. Transfection with a TIGAR overexpression plasmid reversed these effects and prevented CRIF1 downregulation-induced proliferation and migration reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that blocking mitochondrial OXPHOS synthesis via CRIF1 may have a therapeutic antitumor effect in BT549 TNBC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome Changes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Surgery in Patients with Gastric Cancer.","authors":"Kristina Žukauskaitė, Bernardas Baušys, Angela Horvath, Rasa Sabaliauskaitė, Agnė Šeštokaitė, Agata Mlynska, Sonata Jarmalaitė, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Rimantas Baušys, Augustinas Baušys","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical gastrectomy is the current standard approach for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) in the West. Both NAC and gastrectomy can significantly influence the gut microbiome, potentially leading to clinically significant changes. However, no longitudinal studies to date support this hypothesis. This study investigates gut microbiome changes throughout GC treatment, including NAC and gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal observational study included GC patients undergoing NAC followed by gastrectomy. Fecal microbiome composition, intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin), and gut permeability (LBP, sCD14) markers were investigated at baseline, after NAC, and after gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 patients were included in the study. The results showed that NAC did not affect the gut microbiome composition at the phylum level. In contrast, radical gastrectomy led to an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, NAC alone did not impact alpha or beta diversity, while a combination of NAC and gastrectomy significantly influenced both. After gastrectomy, the gut microbiome composition analysis also revealed enrichment of oralization-associated bacterial species such as <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Streptococcus equinus</i>, uncultured <i>Streptococcus</i> species, and species from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Intestinal inflammation and gut permeability markers did not significantly change throughout the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The radical treatment of advanced GC with NAC and radical surgery has long-term effects on the gut microbiome, characterized by gut microbiome oralization. These sustained alterations primarily stem from the radical gastrectomy rather than the NAC. Since previous studies have linked oralization-associated dysbiosis to various gastrointestinal symptoms, this study highlights the gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target to enhance the quality of life in long-term survivors following gastrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Gender-Specific Differences in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with (Chemo)Radiotherapy: Results from a Prospective Trial.","authors":"Rouzbeh Zohri, Lorenz Hahn, Niloufar Seyedi, Cordula Petersen, Christian Ziemann, Jakob Abel, Laura Magdalena Kutz, Andreas Krüll, Charlotte Flüh, Carolin Ehresmann, Oksana Zemskova, Larysa Liubich, Dirk Rades, Anastassia Löser","doi":"10.3390/cancers16234080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This analysis aims to evaluate gender-specific differences in nutritional status, body weight changes, and their impact on overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy (CRT). <b>Methods</b>: Between 2018 and 2020, 61 HNC (17 female and 44 male) patients were prospectively recruited to receive curative (chemo)radiotherapy. Nutritional assessments included dietary questionnaire screenings and records, anthropometric methods (body mass index, BMI, body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)), and the determination of biomarkers like albumin and CRP. Assessments were conducted before, during, and after (chemo)radiotherapy. <b>Results</b>: Gender differences were observed at baseline in Karnofsky performance status (<i>p</i> = 0.01), daily calorie intake (<i>p</i> = 0.04), phase angle (PA) (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). During CRT, males showed a larger increase in calorie deficit (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and greater reductions in BMI, FFMI, and PA compared to females. Malnutrition risk (MUST score) increased significantly in males (<i>p</i> = 0.008) but not in females. Albumin and total protein declined in both genders, with a more pronounced drop in albumin for females. Survival analysis revealed that, for males, several factors, including baseline calorie deficit, BMI, PA, and FFMI, were linked to survival. For females, only albumin at therapy end was significantly associated with survival (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, baseline PA remained a significant predictor of survival for males (<i>p</i> = 0.026). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest distinct gender differences in the nutritional and biochemical responses of HNC patients undergoing CRT, indicating the importance of tailored, gender-specific nutritional support during treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9681,"journal":{"name":"Cancers","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}