Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Decreased plasma levels of sestrin-1 and sestrin-2 in patients with coronary artery disease and their association with the disease severity.","authors":"Somayeh Heidar Beygi, Gholamreza Namazi, Parastoo Asa, Raziyeh Salami, Alireza Mafi, Fariba Raygan","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.255","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress has been well established to participate in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Sestrin family of proteins have recently emerged as important suppressors of oxidative stress. However, only few studies have reported the levels of sestrins and their clinical significance in CAD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were ninety patients referred to the cardiac angiography unit for cardiac angiography. Thirty-two subjects were diagnosed as having stable CAD, twenty patients had unstable CAD and thirty-eight subjects had no CAD. All patients underwent angiography and the severity of coronary stenosis was calculated by modified Gensini score. The levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hs-CRP and hematological parameters were determined in the fasting blood samples by routine methods. Plasma levels of sestrin-1 and sestrin-2 were measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the plasma levels of sestrin-1 were significantly lower in both case groups compared with the control group (P<0.001), there were no significant differences in sestrin-1 levels between the two patient groups. The levels of sestrin-2 were also significantly lower in both CAD groups than in controls (P=0.001), but no significant difference was found between stable and unstable patients. In the whole study subjects, plasma sestrin-1 and sestrin-2 showed negative correlation with the coronary artery score. By multivariate analysis only sestrin-2 levels were significantly related to CAD severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed a negative association of sestrin levels and the coronary stenosis severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and elevated liver enzymes: A cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study.","authors":"Heydar Ali Balou, Farahnaz Joukar, Milad Shahdkar, Mahdi Orang Goorabzarmakhi, Saman Maroufizadeh, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.246","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regular physical activity promotes health that can affect liver health, particularly modulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was to assess the association between physical activities and elevated liver enzyme levels in the population of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,519 individuals from the PGCS population. The demographical and clinical data of participants were collected. The study involved measuring the levels of physical activity and liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The study assessed physical activity intensity using standardized classification based on the energy costs of different activities, which was calculated through questionnaires administered in three tertiles. The relationship between physical activity and elevated liver enzymes was examined using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of individuals was 51.52±8.90 years, and 53.6% were women. The prevalence of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT decreased with increasing physical activity (p<0.001, 0.010, and <0.001, respectively). According to fully adjusted model, participants with low physical activity levels had higher odds for elevated ALT and GGT compared to the participants with high physical activity levels (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.31 and OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.16-1.61, respectively) (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher physical activity levels were associated with a lower prevalence of elevated liver enzymes, suggesting that regular physical activity may positively affect liver health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucormycosis in patients infected with the delta strain of COVID-19 virus, effective of some factors in the prevalence and patient prognosis in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, central Iran.","authors":"Zahra Soleimani, Kamal Esalatmanesh, Hossein Hooshyar, Habibollah Rahimi, Mojtaba Reisee, Roozbeh Esalatmanesh","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.239","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis, are spread in COVID-19 patients due to the use of corticosteroids therapy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mucormycosis in patients infected with the delta strain of the COVID-19 virus and evaluated some effective factors in the prevalence and patient prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on 44 COVID patients with co-infection to mucormycosis who were admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan in 2022. The COVID diagnosis was based on clinical signs and a positive PCR test, the diagnosis of mucormycosis was based on a positive laboratory report of fungi culture medium. The patient outcomes were recorded and CALL scoring system was used to determine the severity of the disease. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 16 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 44 COVID patients infected with mucormycosis, 26 (59.1%) had diabetes. All 44 patients had a history of taking steroids with an average daily dose of 48.77±65.15 mg. Twenty-six (59.1%) patients were admitted to the ICU, 18 (40.9%) required intubation. Sixteen (36.4%) patients died. A significant decries observed in lymphopenia after treatment of patients (p<0.0001). CALL scores using showed that 33 (75%) patients had severe risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension are the two most common risk factors of mucormycosis in COVID patients. High use of glucocorticoid drugs and immune suppression are predisposing causes for opportunistic organisms. Accurate laboratory diagnosis of mucormycosis plays an important role in treatment of patients and in controlling the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"239-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of uterine cancer in Asian countries.","authors":"Mohebat Vali, Zahra Maleki, Mohammad-Ali Jahani, Sina Nazemi, Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Soheil Hassanipour, Mostafa Javanian, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.215","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uterine cancer ranks among the leading causes of mortality in women, particularly prevalent in countries with low to moderate income levels. Present treatment and healthcare success rates are assessed by the survival rate index. This study aimed to determine the uterine cancer survival rate in Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five international databases were analyzed to perform this systematic review: Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, until the end of August 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment form was utilized in the evaluation of quality for cohort studies. \"I2 statistic and Cochran test were used to check the analysis process and assess the heterogeneity among the studies. Also, the study year was used as the basis for a meta-regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study covered 75 papers in total. The survival rates of uterine cancer after one, three, five, and seven years are 76.68% (95% CI, 66.76-78.61), 63.56% (95% CI, 58.60-68.37), 59.04% (95% CI, 55.62-62.43), and 57.86% (95% CI, 51.16-64.42) according to the random model. Furthermore, according to the outcomes of the meta-regression, there was no correlation found between the study year and the survival rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to European and American countries, Asian countries have a poorer uterine cancer survival rate, which makes it crucial to improve the survival rate of patients through ensuring early diagnosis of the disease in its early stages and providing new diagnostic methods, modified surgical techniques, and targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of serologic biomarkers for the detection of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Mahsa Mohammadi, Keyvan Aminian, Farahnaz Joukar, Mohsen Rajabnia, Khaled Rahmani, Alireza Doostian, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.275","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various non-invasive methods for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis in an Iranian population. The methods studied included aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet count index (AP index), fibrosis index (FI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Forns index, BARD score, BAAT score and PLALA score. The aim of the current study was to correlate these methods with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and serum fibrosis markers, using FibroScan as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study of 504 patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), FibroScan examinations were performed and demographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected. Statistical analyses evaluated the performance of each diagnostic panel, calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The APRI had high specificity (97.27%) but low sensitivity (4.12%) and limited discriminatory power AUC: 0.50) in the fibrosis panel. In contrast, Forns index and NFS had better AUC values (0.64 and 0.63, respectively), with the NFS having a sensitivity of 80%, indicating potential for broad-based screening. In the cirrhosis panel, the APRI was characterized by high specificity (98.21%) but had low sensitivity (4%) and limited discriminatory power (AUC: 0.51), while the FIB-4 had the highest AUC (0.67) and a sensitivity of 60%, suggesting its efficacy as a screening tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NFS and FIB-4 showed promising performance among the evaluated panels for population screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"275-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of colchicine, interferon β, IVIG, tocilizumab and corticosteroids on COVID-19 patient survival from all presently available published clinical trials: A narrative review.","authors":"Kobra Bahrampour Juybari, Manzume Shamsi Meymandi, Hamideh Bashiri","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.198","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the deadliest diseases in the world, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing global pandemic known as COVID-19. COVID-19 symptoms range from undetectable to deadly, hyper-inflammatory response and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines or hypercytokinemia are key factors in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. However, no specific and effective treatment was available, anti-inflammatory drugs have been vastly used for treating patients. The goal of this narrative literature review (2020-2022) was to elucidate the connection between anti-inflammatory medications and COVID-19 outcomes, such as safety and survival rate. Overall, these studies are consistent in presenting that anti-inflammatory drug can be advised to target the host immune response in patients and have been beneficial in reducing the mortality rate. This is revealed in current recommendations from prominent global public health authorities, which support anti-inflammatory drug use for a decrease of cytokine storm during COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"198-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between vaginal infections and gestational diabetes.","authors":"Amjad Ahmadi, Noushin Abdolmaleki, Daem Roshani, Fariba Farhadifar, Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Sholeh Shahgheibi, Mozhdeh Zarei, Nadia Shakiba, Bahram Nikkhoo","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.263","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance with variable severity which starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Globally on the rise, this health condition is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Pregnant women with diabetes are at high risk of infection because high blood sugar levels provide food for many infections, including yeast, making it easier for the yeast to grow. This study aimed to examine the relationship between vaginal infections and gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 300 pregnant women with gestational diabetes as the patient group and 300 pregnant women without gestational diabetes as the control group. The research tool in this study was a questionnaire and performing a warm and wet slide staining test on the vaginal swab sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 31.97±6.02 in the women with gestational diabetes and 30.98± 6.80 in the women without gestational diabetes. Smoking was zero in both groups. The frequency of vaginal infection was 34 (11.3%) in the patient group and 26(8.7%) in the control group. vaginal infections showed no significant association with gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite its high prevalence, vaginal infections showed no significant association with gestational diabetes. Still, the high prevalence of infection in the two groups demands more attention from the healthcare system and obstetrician-gynecologists to check the infection before and after pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"263-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major stress as a predictive value in the setting of thyroid nodule development: A prospective study.","authors":"Ebrahim Mohammadi, Neda Valizadeh, Reza Hatami Novi","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.268","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid nodule (TN) is defined as the abnormal growth of thyroid cells, with an increasing trend worldwide. In this case-control study, we intended to evaluate demographic and environmental factors involved in TNs to determine the values predicting the risk of TN incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>103 patients with confirmed TN through ultrasound imaging were assigned to the nodular group, and 101 patients with negative results of TN were considered control counterparts. Data collection was performed using a checklist from February 2021 to August 2022. Uni- and multivariable logistic analyses were applied to ascertain prognostic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the prevalence of TNs was significantly higher in females (90.3%, p<0.001). We also found that a history of exposure to ionizing radiation with a diagnostic dose (83.5%, p<0.001), hypothyroidism (37.9%, P=0.005), hyperthyroidism (7.8%, P= 0.005), family history of thyroid disease (58.3%, p<0.001), unusual stress (68.9 %, p<0.001), and taking medications inferring thyroid function (10.7%, P=0.01) in the nodular group, which were consistent with the results of logistic regression analysis can be considered the potential prognostic values to predict the risk of incident TN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The role of unusual stress on TN development is highlighted in this study. diagnosis and proper management of determinants such as unusual stress involved Early in TN pathogenesis through lifestyle modification, community awareness, and screening of the family with TN history would be more appreciable in order to decline TN incidence and prevalence, particularly in the predisposed population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in MRSE Isolated from Iranian patients.","authors":"Parisa Behshood, Elahe Tajbakhsh","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.225","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biofilms are organized communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix that adheres to surfaces and can have both beneficial and detrimental effects in various environments. These biofilms have been linked to severe infections in humans. We investigated the association between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted through data medical data bases using a combination of mesh terms. The data were analyzed using STATA meta-analysis software, and a random effects model was employed to determine the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that the prevalence of MRSA was 61.75% (95% CI: 35.6-99.1). The cumulative rate of biofilm formation in MRSE strains was reported to be 83.4% (95% CI: 47.8-99.4). Among the biofilm-related genes, the <i>SdrG</i> gene exhibited the highest frequency (98%), followed by the <i>atlG</i> gene with a frequency of 84%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Out of the seven, three documented a positive association. Given the propensity of MRSE strains to form biofilms, it is crucial to implement preventive measures against infections caused by these strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12194433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillators on patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure: A single-arm clinical trial.","authors":"Hossein Salehi Omran, Amir Balouchzadeh, Sina Dolatshahi, Saeed Abrotan, Mohammad Taghi Salehi Omran, Mehrdad Saravi, Sara Aboutalebzadeh, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati Goudarzi","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.233","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure (CHF) are at high risk for cardiac mortality. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators (CRT-D) as a potentially beneficial option can improve the clinical outcomes of such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-arm clinical trial in which 48 patients with moderate to severe CHF were investigated regarding the beneficial outcome of CRT-D insertion. All participants were evaluated regarding different functional and echocardiographic factors including New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (FC), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral regurgitation (MR) as well as left ventricular end-systolic (LVESD) and end-diastolic (LVEDD) before and one month after the procedure. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of different variables including age, gender, and comorbidities on the aforementioned clinical and echocardiographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 48 CHF patients included in our study, 24 (50%) were males and 24 (50%) were females. The mean ± standard deviation (range) of the participants' age was 55.6±6.5 (40-69) years. CRT-D insertion significantly improved all functional and echocardiographic factors in CHF patients. The participants had a mean±standard deviation (range) LVEF of 22.1±5.8% (10-30%) before CRT-D insertion. A follow-up echocardiography performed one month after the implantation of CRT-D demonstrated a significant increase in LVEF to 27.1±5.5% (15-38%) (<i>p</i><0.001). Additionally, echocardiography conducted one month after CRT-D insertion showed a reduction of LVESD from 6.8±0.5 cm (5.8-7.4 cm) to 6.2±0.5 cm (5.3-7.3 cm) (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is prominent evidence for CRT-D insertion in reducing symptoms of heart failure as well as improving different echocardiography variables in patients with moderate to severe CHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}