Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exploring left ventricle dimensions and interventricular septum thickness in the Iranian population: A comparative analysis through ECG gated, CT angiography and echocardiography.","authors":"Naser Khezerlouy-Aghdam, Shahla Meshgi, Zahra Hosnavi, Haleh Bodagh, Mohammadreza Motazedian, Razieh Parizad, Asma Yousefzadeh","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.692","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among the Iranian population. Assessing left ventricular (LV) dimensions and interventricular septum (IVS) thickness is crucial in diagnosing and managing various cardiac conditions. This study aimed to compare LV dimensions and IVS thickness using electrocardiogram (ECG) gated computed tomography angiography (CTA) and echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 Iranian individuals without known CVD from March to September 2023 in Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Participants underwent both ECG-gated CTA and echocardiography for assessment of LV dimensions and IVS thickness. Measurements were performed by experienced radiologists and cardiologists, respectively. Echocardiography and CTA were analyzed for their correlation using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V25 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed a significant correlation between various LV dimensions and wall thickness measurements obtained from echocardiography and CTA (p<0.000). Strong and significant correlations were found in measurements taken from different views and regions of the heart, including the parasternal long-axis (PLAX) view, Mid and Base views, and the anteroseptal and inferoseptal regions (p<0.000). Echocardiography measurements also showed significant correlations, with varying strengths.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comparative analysis of LV dimensions and IVS thickness using ECG-gated CTA and echocardiography demonstrated significant correlations, suggesting the potential clinical utility of both imaging techniques in diagnosing and managing CVD in the Iranian population. The 4-chamber and PSAX methods can be used interchangeably to measure interventricular septum thickness. Further research is required to validate and expand upon these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"692-699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of celiac disease with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis in 2022.","authors":"Mahtab Ordooei, Roohollah Edalatkhah, Nasim Namiranian, Zahra Khosravizade","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.797","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) are autoimmune disorders with a common genetic basis. Celiac disease often presents asymptomatically, leading to delayed diagnosis and potential complications like anemia and growth delays. This research investigates the prevalence of celiac disease in T1DM patients at the Yazd Diabetes Center in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study, uniquely designed and executed, involved 318 T1DM patients sampled via census. Levels of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies and serum IgA were measured, with individuals having TTG-IgA levels over 10 U/mL undergoing endoscopy and duodenal biopsy. The data were meticulously analyzed using SPSS V.22, with significance at a p-value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 318 patients, 25 (7.86%), comprising 15 (60%) females and 10(40%) males, underwent endoscopy and biopsy due to elevated TTG-IgA levels. Histopathological analysis revealed four (16%) patients with normal findings: 2 (8%) with Marsh type 1, 1 (4%) with Marsh type 2, and 18 (72%) with Marsh type 3. Patients with TTG levels exceeding 100 were all classified as Marsh type 3. Gender-wise, there was no significant difference in celiac disease type distribution. (P- value= 0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study's findings, which reveal a celiac disease prevalence in T1DM patients similar to global rates, have significant implications for clinical practice. The importance of routine celiac disease screening for these patients is underscored, as is the urgent need for extensive multi-center studies to deepen our understanding of this relationship and improve patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"797-800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus-associated skin cancers among organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Niloofar Faraji, Simin Farokhi, Arshia Fakouri, Shahab Aali, Mahsa Motiei, Kaveh Gharaei Nejad","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.641","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with various types of skin neoplasms. Organ transplant recipients (OTR) are generally at a higher risk for developing skin neoplasms, including those related to HPV, due to their immunosuppressed state. In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of HPV-related skin cancers and related factors among OTRs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This meta-analysis study was conducted under the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The generalized <i>I</i> ² statistics was perfumed for assessing heterogeneity. Odds ratio (OR) and effective size were calculated in comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software Version 3. In addition, meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the temporal trends in the incidence of HPV-related skin cancer among OTRs over the study years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 417 potentially eligible studies, seven were included for final analysis. The most frequently reported skin cancers in OTRs were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The result of meta-analysis also revealed a high prevalence of 61.7% (95% CI: 35.4% - 82.5%) of HPV-related skin cancer among OTRs. The male-to-female ratio was 2.14 (95% CI 0.58-7.87), and the mean time from transplantation to the first diagnosis of skin cancer was about eight years. The frequency of HPV among tumor lesions ranged from 37.7% to 74.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings collectively provide insights into the prevalence of HPV among OTRs with skin neoplasms, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of heterogeneity when interpreting the overall estimate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"641-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chamomile on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Mostafa Ahmadi, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur, Hoda Shirafkan","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.630","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal pain is a common and bothersome condition influencing a large segment of the population. It can significantly impact individuals' quality of life and limit daily activities. Traditionally, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) has been used for its pain-relieving properties. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of chamomile in reducing musculoskeletal pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched English language databases including Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for published studies up to July 2024. Studies examining chamomile's influence on musculoskeletal discomfort in humans were included. In-vitro, animal, and observational studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight studies were analyzed. The findings suggest a potential analgesic effect of chamomile compared to placebo. Additionally, no significant difference was found between chamomile and other pain medication. The studies included in this review, however, exhibited significant heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chamomile may be a promising alternative for pain management due to its potential analgesic effect and lack of significant difference compared to other pain medication; however, more research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"630-640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12695481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesalazine vs. IBS-D: Examining its impact on patient symptoms & stool calprotectin levels: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Somi, Masoud Faghieh Dinavari, Behnam Sajedi, Sayyed Mehdi Rasooli Manesh, Faraz Mahdizadeh, Farzad Heydari","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.667","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common disorder of the gastrointestinal system. The study aimed to determine the effect of Mesalazine prescription on patients' symptoms and level of fecal calprotectin in patients with IBS with predominant diarrhea and high fecal calprotectin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a double-blinded randomized clinical trial with 90 patients aged 18 to 45. These patients were selected from referrals to the gastroenterology clinic. They were evenly divided into two groups: the Mesalazine group, with an average age of 35.4, and the placebo group, with an average age of 36. The patients in both groups were then monitored for 8 weeks. There were no differences in the distribution of sexes between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison between before and after Mesalazine therapy in our patients marked a statistically significant effect on the quality of life variables (p<0.05), patient's level of pain (p<0.05), abdominal distension (p<0.05), and calprotectin level (p<0.05) compared to before Mesalazine in patients studied, which showed the effectiveness of this treatment. However its effect on stool form was not significant (P=0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comparing the two groups after the intervention, the quality of life in patients treated with Mesalazine was significantly higher than in patients of the placebo group. The number of defecations in patients treated with Mesalazine was significantly lower than in patients of placebo groups. Abdominal distention and calprotectin levels were significantly lower in these patients than in patients of the placebo group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"667-673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotid endarterectomy on the course of the acute period of ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral ischemia.","authors":"Aiym Sakhipova","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.659","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid endarterectomy (CE) is currently the main surgical treatment and preventative measure for ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis and carotid artery occlusion; however, there are no clear opinions regarding the effect of CE on the course of the acute period of IS and chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 186 patients aged 45-81 years. The study population comprised two observation groups: group I included 131 patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis of more than 60% with unstable atherosclerotic plaque who underwent CE, and group II included 55 patients with ICA stenosis 60% with stable atherosclerotic plaque who did not undergo surgical treatment. The SPSS 21 package was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the NIHSS, Rankin, and Rivermead scales after 12 months indicated a significant positive dynamic of the neurological status in patients in the first group (2.33±0.30 in the first group and 0.89±0.12 in the comparison group, p < 0.05). In the acute period of IS, CE performed according to indications led to a decrease in neurological symptoms (80.9% of patients scored 0-3 points on the NIHSS scale), a decrease in the degree of disability, and an increase in mobility in patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients who underwent the operation, disability was significantly lower 1 year after IS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"659-666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between vitamin D levels and urinary tract infections.","authors":"Masoumeh Piyadah Kouhsar, Morteza Alijanpour, Mohammad Pournasrullah, Hemat Gholinia, Sahar Sadr Moharerpour","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.651","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious conditions, particularly in children. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various infections, including UTIs. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and UTIs in children at Amir Kola Children's Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted on 120 children, aged 2-18 years, diagnosed with UTIs and referred to Amir Kola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran. Participants were divided into two groups: 60 UTI cases and 60 healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected for vitamin D analysis, measured via ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum vitamin D level was 17.70±8.35 ng/mL in the case group and 37.91±12.18 ng/mL in the control group, revealing a significant reduction in vitamin D levels among UTI patients (P<0.001). Additionally, pyelonephritis was associated with severe vitamin D deficiency (P=0.02). Female children aged 3-5 years exhibited a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, although age and sex did not significantly influence vitamin D levels overall. Vitamin D status was not correlated with hospitalization duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given its immunoprotective role, vitamin D screening and supplementation may serve as a preventive strategy against UTIs and contribute to improved clinical outcomes in affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"651-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of celiac disease in migraine patients.","authors":"Gholamreza Kalvandi, Naser Nasiri, Parya Jangipour Afshar, Hosna Ghaderi, Farzad Faizi, Shoboo Rahmati","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.621","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-induced autoimmune disorder that can present with gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, or no symptoms. The prevalence of CD in migraine patients and the nature of their potential association is not well established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CD in migraine patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRISMA guidelines created a framework for the construction of this review article. Two investigators independently searched the electronic databases of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine up to May 2024. To assess heterogeneity among the studies, we used Cochran's Q test and the I² index. The statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, version 14.2, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included a total of 6 articles, comprising 14,526 migraine patients. The overall prevalence of CD in migraine patients was estimated to be (2% (95% CI: 0%-5%, I²=75.37, P=0.001)). Also, the Odds of CD disease in migraine patients compared to non-migraine patients was estimated to be equal (2.20 (95% CI: 0.87-5.54, I2=48.4, P=0.121)). Additionally, the majority of the research was conducted in Europe.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the small amount of research accomplished in this particular situation, our data indicate a relatively low prevalence of CD in migraine patients. Therefore, more frequent and thorough research in this field is advised. Patients with migraines experienced fewer attacks when they received gluten-free diets and were screened for celiac disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"621-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of extra virgin olive oil versus refined olive oil in the treatment of individuals suffering from constipation: A double-blind randomized clinical trial study.","authors":"Farahnaz Joukar, Seyedeh Narjes Mozaffari Chenijani, Saman Maroufizadeh, Tahereh Zeinali, Niloofar Faraji, Narges Eslami, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.674","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggested that olive oil may alleviate constipation symptoms. This study compared the effectiveness of two types of extra virgin olive oil and refined olive oil on the treatment of patients experiencing constipation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind clinical trial included 140 participants aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with chronic constipation by a gastroenterologist using the Rome III questionnaire. Block randomization was utilized approach to divide patients into two groups of 70 individuals (Extra virgin olive oil as trial and refined olive oil as control) that consumed two tablespoons per day of olive oil for four weeks. Follow-up assessments were conducted using the Rome III and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), after four weeks of the intervention, the mean score of Rome III decreased significantly from 11.37±2.25 to 7.74±2.53; and from 11.27±2.73 to 3.47±1.73 among refined olive oil and extra virgin olive oil consumers, respectively, (-4.22 (95% CI: 3.63-4.82), (F (_1,137) =197.67, p<0.001, η2P=0.591). In week 2,3, and 4, the mean score of BSFS were significantly higher among consumers of extra virgin olive oil than to the consumers of refined olive oil 0.53 (95% CI: 0.38- 0.68), p<0.001, 0.78 (95% CI: 0.60- 0.97), p<0.001 and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.94-1.35), p<0.001, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extra virgin olive oil was more effective compared refined olive oil at alleviating constipation. These outcomes highlight the importance of extra virgin olive oil as a possible treatment for constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"674-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: Exploring the intercurrent relationship between knee osteoarthritis and cerebral small vessel disease.","authors":"Mazira Mohamad Ghazali, Nor Farid Mohd Noor, Muhamad Afiq Mahayidin, Mohd Nasir Mat Nor, Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir","doi":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.599","DOIUrl":"10.22088/cjim.16.4.599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) are two prevalent and debilitating conditions that have traditionally been studied within distinct medical disciplines - rheumatology and neurology, respectively. However, emerging evidence suggests a deeper connection between these seemingly disparate diseases, transcending conventional boundaries and prompting a paradigm shift in our understanding of their pathophysiology and clinical implications. This narrative review explores the multifaceted crosstalk between KOA and CSVD, delving into shared risk factors, inflammatory cascades, and vascular mechanisms underpinning their co-occurrence. Beyond conventional etiological factors, we illuminate the role of systemic inflammation, aberrant biomechanics, and neuro-gliovascular interactions in shaping the complex interplay between KOA and CSVD. Furthermore, we scrutinize the bidirectional impact of these conditions on cognitive function, emphasizing the shared burden of neurocognitive impairment in affected individuals. Through a synthesis of cutting-edge research and theoretical frameworks, we propose a novel conceptual model that integrates musculoskeletal and cerebrovascular pathways, shedding light on previously unexplored avenues for therapeutic intervention and personalized management strategies. This comprehensive analysis not only advances our understanding of the interconnected nature of KOA and CSVD but also underscores the imperative for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic approaches to patient care in the era of precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9646,"journal":{"name":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"599-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}