Caryologia最新文献

{"title":"Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of encapsulated Enhalus acoroides (L. f.) Royle leaves extract against nickel nitrate","authors":"M. Pharmawati, N. N. Wirasiti, L. Wrasiati","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1571","url":null,"abstract":"Several environmental pollutants can cause damage to chromosomes, one of which is the heavy metal NiNO3. Some plant extracts have antigenotoxic properties that result in a decrease in chromosomal damage. Member of flowering plants that need to be tested is seagrass. One seagrass species is Enhalus acoroides which was found to contain phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to analyse the genotoxic effect and the potential of encapsulated E. acoroides leaf extract as antigenotoxic against nickel nitrate NiNO3. The extraction was conducted using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol, and crude extract encapsulated using maltodextrin and tween 80. Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated using the squash technique of Allium cepa var. aggregatum root tips. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans Blue staining were used to observe mitochondrial and apoptotic activities. The results showed that at higher concentrations (250 ppm and 500 ppm), the encapsulated E. acoroides extract decreased mitotic indices; however, no chromosome aberration observed. NiNO3 itself induced a genotoxic effect as observed by low mitotic index and a high percentage of chromosome aberration. The modulation of NiNO3 effect by adding the encapsulated E. acoroides extract at low concentration (100 ppm) increased mitotic index compared to treatment with Ni alone, but did not reduce chromosome aberration. Simultaneous encapsulated E. acoroides extract and Ni treatment, significantly reduced nuclear fragmentation and nuclear lesion. The encapsulated E. acoroides extract can repair several types of nuclear damage but cannot minimise chromosomal damage.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of nucleus migration in premeiotic antherial cells of Saccharum spontaneum L. (Poaceae)","authors":"Chandra Bhanu Singh, V. Singhal, M. Kapoor","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1418","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of nucleus migration is reported for the first time in a clone (2n = 64) of ‘Thatch’ grass (Saccharum spontaneum L.) of the family Poaceae. Usually, its premeiotic antherial cells are thin walled, uninucleate and without any trace of chromosome individuality. However, the cells of those anthers that had been affected from flood water stress conditions were anucleated to hexanucleated in varying frequencies. Out of 2567 cells analyzed, two and three cells were noticed to be connected to each other through a well-defined cytoplasmic channel. The nuclei were observed at various stages of their migration in interconnected cells. The remaining cells exhibited a mosaic of anucleate to hexanucleate cells in varying frequencies with a dominance of binucleated condition (43.75%). The anucleate ‘ghost’ cells were much smaller in size than the uninucleate, binucleate and multinucleate cells showing insignificant variation among themselves. The anucleate, binucleate and multinucleate cells appeared to be resulted due to nucleus migration through cytoplasmic channels between two cells. The presence of a nucleus in donor cell united with recipient cell having four nuclei of different sizes, diminutive anucleate cell in the neighbourhood of uninucleate/trinucleate cell or connected with cytoplasmic channel/pentanucleate cell, and disorganizing cytoplasmic channel attached with binucleate/ tetranucleate cell witnessed the accomplishment of nucleus migration. This rare phenomenon of nucleus migration seemed to be triggered by flood water induced stress and facilitated by feeble cell wall. The variation in sizes of nuclei in multinucleate cells might be due to the transfer of nucleus/nuclei of different size(s).  The prominent features of nucleus migration distinguishing it from the cytomixis have been discussed in detail. The syncytes resulted due to nucleus migration might have generated the pollen grains with different genetic constitution resulting into the origin of new intraspecific aneuploids/ polyploids for better adaptability.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82375698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCoT molecular markers are efficient in genetic fingerprinting of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars","authors":"Shiva Shahsavari, Z. Noormohammadi, M. Sheidai, F. Farahani, Mohammad Reza Vazifeshenas","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1567","url":null,"abstract":"The pomegranate is an economically important fruit plant species which has been utilized since ancient time as a source of food and medicine by mankind. This plant although is cultivated in certain geographical regions, but its fruits are imported and sold throughout the world. Iran is the center of origin for pomegranate and contains huge number of known cultivars. However, genetic studied on these cultivars are very limited and much detailed information has to be produced for better hybridization and breeding tasks in the country. A fingerprinting study was performed on 178 Punica trees in 47 known cultivars by using SCoT molecular markers. We obtained 61 SCoT bands/ loci which were used for genetic diversity analyses and grouping of the cultivars. A low genetic variability was obtained within and among Punica cultivars, but as revealed by AMOVA, this was quiet enough to produce significant genetic difference among them. DAPC analysis revealed a trace of genetic admixture among the cultivars either due to gene flow or as a result of common ancestral shared alleles. Discriminating SCoT loci may be used in germplasm evaluation of Punica. The genetic difference of these cultivars can be utilized for hybridization and breeding programs. ","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78628215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report on Classical and Molecular Cytogenetics of Doi Inthanon Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus inthanon Kunya et al., 2015 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Thailand","authors":"S. Prasopsin, Nawarat Muanglen, Sukhonthip Ditcharoen, C. Suwannapoom, A. Tanomtong, Weera Thongnetr","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1514","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the karyotype of Cyrtodactylus inthanon Kunya et al., 2015 from Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. The metaphase and meiotic chromosome preparations were obtained by squash technique from bone marrow and testes, respectively. The chromosomes were stained by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding and molecular cytogenetics with ?uorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(CA)15, d(GC)15, d(CAG)10 and d(GAA)10 as probes. The results showed the diploid chromosome number (2n) of 40. The chromosome types of metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes were 12-4-2-22, respectively. The Ag-NORs banding technique provides the pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) on the telomeric region of the long arm of acrocentric pair 12. There are no sex differences in karyotypes between males and females. We also found that during metaphase I on meiosis of C. inthanon, the homologous chromosomes appeared synapsis of 20 bivalents. The microsatellite d(CA)15 signals were located on the sub-centromeric region of the metacentric pair 10, whereas the d(GC)15, d(CAG)10 and d(GAA)10 repeats are highly accumulated throughout almost all entire chromosomes. The karyotype formula is as follows: C. inthanon (2n = 40), Lm2 + Lsm4 + Lt6 + Mm2 + Mt8 + Sm8 + Sa2 + St8.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84921970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal description of three Dixonius (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Thailand","authors":"I. Patawang, S. Prasopsin, C. Suwannapoom, A. Tanomtong, Puntivar Keawmad, Weera Thongnetr","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1432","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosomal characteristics and karyological analysis of three Dixonius, including D. hangseesom, D. siamensis and D. melanostictus, from Thailand were studied. Chromosome preparations were conducted by squash technique from bone marrow and testis. Conventional Giemsa’s staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that the diploid chromosomes are 2n=40, for D. hangseesom and D. siamensis; and 2n=42, for D. melanostictus. The fundamental number (NF) is 42 in D. hangseesom and D. siamensis and 44 in D. melanostictus. The types of chromosomes were 2 metacentrics and 38 telocentrics for D. hangseesom and D. siamensis, while the karyotype of D. melanostictus comprised 2 acrocentrics and 40 telocentrics. In the D. hangseesom and D. siamensis, NORs are located to the near centromere on long arm of the telocentric chromosome pair 13. Although, the NORs of D. melanostictus are situated on the subtelomeric region of telocentric chromosome pair 8. There are no sex differences in karyotypes between males and females of these three geckos species. We found that during metaphase I and metaphase II on male meiosis of the D. hangseesom and D. siamensis, the homologous chromosomes showed synapsis of 20 bivalents and 20 haploid chromosomes (n=20). Moreover, metaphase I and metaphase II of the male D. melanostictus showed synapsis of 21 bivalents and 21 haploid chromosomes (n=21). Their karyotype formulas is as follows: D. hangseesom (2n=40): Lm2 + Lt2 + Mt4 + St32, D. siamensis (2n=40): Lm2 + Lt6 + Mt4 + St28, and D. melanostictus (2n=42): La2 + Lt12 + Mt4 + St24.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88096314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative chromosome mapping of repetitive DNA in four minnow fishes (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes)","authors":"S. Aiumsumang, P. Chaiyasan, K. Khoomsab, W. Supiwong, A. Tanomtong, S. Phimphan","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1523","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focused on the repetitive DNA of the chromosome in four minnow fishes from the genera Danio Hamilton, 1822, Devario Heckel, 1843 and Rasbora Bleeker, 1859. Chromosomes were analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with microsatellite probes including (CA)15, (CAC)10, (CGG)10, (GC)15 and (TA)15 staining. All species retained the diploid chromosome number 2n = 50 in male and female. The microsatellite sequences were mapped in the chromosomes of Danio albolineatus (Blyth, 1860), Devario regina (Fowler, 1934), Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885 and R. paviana Tirant, 1885. In most cases, the microsatellite was dispersed in the chromosome with conspicuous markings in the telomeric region and the whole genome, which suggests that sequences contribute to chromosome structure and may have played a role in the relationship of this fish group. The comparative genome mapping data presented here provide novel information on the structure and organisation of the repetitive DNA region of the minnow’s genome and contribute to a better understanding of the genomes of these minnows.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80730649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis and genetic diversity in Hypericum L. using sequence related amplified polymorphism","authors":"W. Cao, X. Chen, Z. Cao","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1515","url":null,"abstract":"There are about 484 species of Hypericum in the Guttiferae family, which includes Hypericoideae. In Iran, species of this genus are mainly found in the north, northwest, and center of the country, and they are key contributors to the floral elements of the Hyrcanian mountains, Irano-Turanian, and Mediterranean regions (such as the Zagros). Medicinal, commercial, and horticultural values are associated with these plants.The genetic diversity was assessed through Sequence-related amplified polymorphism. To uncover genetic diversity and species characteristics in Hypericum species, were studied through a combination of morphological and molecular data. Eighty-five individuals related to 7 Hypericum were collected in 6 provinces. A total of 76 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were produced through polymerase chain reaction amplifications (PCR) amplification of seven Hypericum species. These bands were produced with the combinations of 5 selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments ranged from 10 to 20. According to the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers analysis, H. perforatum and H. asperulum had the lowest similarity. This study also detected a significant signature of isolation by distance (Mantel test results). Present results showed that sequence-related amplified polymorphism have the potential to identify and decipher genetic affinity in Hypericum species. Current results have implications in biodiversity and conservation programs. Besides this, present results could pave the way for selecting suitable ecotypes for forage and pasture purposes in Iran.\u0000Genus Hypericum (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) is perennial, belonging to the Hypericaceae family, having 484 species in forms of trees, shrubs, and herbs, distributed in 36 taxonomic sections. The genetic diversity was assessed through Sequence-related amplified polymorphism. To uncover genetic diversity and species characteristics in Hypericum species, were studied through  a combination of morphological and molecular data. Eighty-five individuals related to 7 Hypericum were collected in 6 provinces. A total of 76 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were produced through polymerase chain reaction amplifications (PCR) amplification of seven Hypericum species. These bands were produced with the combinations of 5 selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments ranged from 10 to 20. According to the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers analysis, H. perforatum and H. asperulum had the lowest similarity. This study also detected a significant signature of isolation by distance (Mantel test results). Present results showed that sequence-related amplified polymorphism have the potential to identify and decipher genetic affinity in  Hypericum species. Current results have implications in biodiversity and conservation programs. Besides this, present results could pave the way for selecting suitable ecotypes for forage and pasture purpos","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75646313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Salicornia persica Akhani (Chenopodiaceae) Assessed Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA","authors":"Zhu Lin, H. Khodayari","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1493","url":null,"abstract":"Salicornia is a wild and annual (biennial, in some species) halophytic plant from Chenopodiaceae family that grows near salt marshes and salted wetlands or the vicinity of coastal areas in Asia, North America, and the Middle East. It is also grown in semi-arid areas of Iran such as Isfahan, Fars, and Yazd provinces. Genetic variability and populations, structure were studied in 10 geographical populations of Salicornia persica. Genetic diversity parameters were determined in these populations. 10 of 20 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 146 reproducible bands with average of 14.6 bands per primer and 88.67% of polymorphism. OPA10 primer showed the highest number of effective allele (Ne), Shannon index (I) and genetic diversity (H). The highest values of genetic diversity in RAPD markers were obtained in Esfahan, Nain, it is 70km to Varzaneh populations. WARD trees of RAPD data grouped the populations in two different clusters/groups, indicating their genetic difference which is discussed in details. The results of this study showed that the level of genetic variation in Salicornia persica is relatively low. WARD-based dendrogram showed a close relationship between members of Esfahan, Varzaneh and Esfahan, the river of Zayanderud at Varzaneh while the Yazd, Meybud and Yazd, Nádüshan protected population differ the most from the other populations. Principal component analysis, however, showed some minor differences with WARD-based dendrograms.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72375431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical chromosome features and microsatellites repeat in Gekko petricolus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Thailand","authors":"Weera Thongnetr, S. Aiumsumang, A. Tanomtong, S. Phimphan","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1544","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to examine size, shape, diploid number (2n), fundamental number (NF), NORs region, and distribution of microsatellite by using Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH) and to establish the karyotype and standard idiogram of sandstone geckos (Gekko petricolus Taylor, 1962). Sandstone gecko distributed in the sandstone mountains in Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. Five male and five female specimens were collected  from Ubon Ratchathani and Mukdahan provinces, Thailand. The metaphase cells were directly prepared from the bone marrow cells. Chromosomes were stained by conventional staining, NORs-banding and FISH techniques. The results found that the diploid number was 38 chromosomes. The fundamental number was 54. The karyotype composed of 4 large metacentric, 4 large acrocentric, 2 large telocentric, 4 medium acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 2 small submetacentric, 2 small acrocentric and 18 small telocentric chromosomes. No morphological difference was identified between sex chromosomes of male and female specimens. The NORs appeared to telomere of the long arm of chromosome pair 17. The study displayed that the distribution of microsatellite using (CA)15 and (GAA)10 probes distributed throughout the genome. However, (CA)15 sequences concentrated in the telomere. The karyotype formula G. petricolus is as follow: 2n (38) = Lm4+La4+Lt2+Ma4+Mt2+Ssm2+Sa2+St18.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75523276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Differentiation and Gene Flow of Salicornia persica Akhani (Chenopodiaceae)","authors":"Xiaojun Zhang, Lingyan Bai, S. Esfandani-Bozchaloyi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1541","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Salicornia (Amaranthaceae) was established by Linnaeus. Commonly known as ‘glassworts’, the species of the genus are articulated succulent herbs with cortical palisade, opposite decussate scale-leaves, thyrsoid cymes, flowers packed in cauline depressions and the diaspore composed of l-seeded utricle. Therefore, due to the importance of the plant species, we performed a combination of morphological and molecular data analyses on this species. A total of 72 randomly collected plants from 8 natural populations in 2 provinces were evaluated using ISSR markers and morphological traits. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test revealed significant genetic difference among the studied populations, and also showed that 45% of total genetic variability was due to the diversity within the population, while 55% was due to the genetic differentiation among populations. A total number of 158 bands were detected by ISSR primers, of which 144 (89%) bands with an average of 14.4 bands per primer were polymorphic. The Percentage of Polymorphic Bands (PPB) ranged from 70% (ISSR-7) to 100% (ISSR-1, ISSR-4 and ISSR-5). The average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Shannon’s Information index (I), and Number of effective alleles (Ne) were 0.49, 0.28, and 1.09, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86970614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}