Caries Research最新文献

{"title":"Is History of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Increased Caries Experience among Taiwanese Adults?","authors":"Po-Yen Lin, Le-Yin Hsu, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Shao-Ching Chen, Lin-Yang Chi","doi":"10.1159/000543769","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) history and their dental caries experience status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted from January 2021 to June 2023, this cross-sectional cohort study involved 7,138 participants who underwent oral examinations. Data on demographic background, oral health-related behaviors, and smoking status were collected using a structured questionnaire. Dental caries was diagnosed at the cavitation level according to the World Health Organization criteria and calculated into caries experience indices including decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), decayed teeth, missing teeth and filled teeth. Information on CVD history was obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, including acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and coronary artery disease. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the association between CVD history and its dental caries experience status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 158 (2.2%) had a prior diagnosis of CVD. Participants with CVD history had a significantly higher mean DMFT index (21.21 ± 8.37) than did those without CVD history (13.4 ± 7.82; p < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with CVD history had a mean DMFT index that was 2.11 higher (95% CI = 0.99, 3.24, p < 0.01) and 2.21 more missing teeth (95% CI = 1.42, 3.00, p < 0.0001) than did those without CVD history. Subgroup analyses indicated that participants aged ≥65 years were predominantly affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older participants with CVD history were associated with an increased number of missing teeth. The present study design could not conclude a positive association between CVD history and its DMFT status, partly due to the lack of data on the reason for missing teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome in Early Childhood Caries: Caries Severity-Dependent Insights.","authors":"Siew-Ging Gong, Judith Switzer, S M Hashim Nainar, Céline M Lévesque","doi":"10.1159/000543421","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with early childhood caries (ECC) show different caries severities and susceptibility in different tooth types and location in the oral cavity. The study aimed to investigate differences in the oral microbiome in ECC subjects stratified according to the severity of caries and between more and less caries-prone teeth within the same subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Supragingival plaque from the upper and lower anterior regions in the oral cavity of subjects were collected in 3 groups of increasing caries severity: G1 - molar (M) caries only; G2 - molar and upper anterior (UA) caries; and G3 - M + UA + lower anterior (LA) caries followed by microbiome analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha-diversity analyses showed inter- but no intra-individual statistically significant differences between the UA and LA (p < 0.001, LA > UA) and a significant difference between the microbiome of the three caries groups (p < 0.001). There were significant beta-diversity differences between G1 and G2 (p < 0.05) and in the composition and diversity among the three groups (p < 0.001). Actinomyces, Saccharibacteria_genera_inserta_sedis, and Eikenella had increased differential abundance in G1 versus G3 and Fusobacterium was less abundant in G2 compared to the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were clear distinct differences in tooth-site-specific and caries-severity microbiome diversity patterns and bacterial abundance profiles in S-ECC children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations between Breastfeeding and Early Childhood Caries: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Chenkai Zhao, Kang Ke, Kan Ye, Hong Lv, Shiyao Tao, Rui Qin, Xin Xu, Yuanyan Dou, Bo Xu, Xiumei Han, Yangqian Jiang, Tao Jiang, Hua Yuan, Hongxia Ma, Guangfu Jin, Hongbing Shen, Zhibin Hu, Yuan Lin, Qin Hong, Huaying Wu, Jiangbo Du","doi":"10.1159/000543380","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The association between breastfeeding status and early childhood caries (ECC) remains inconclusive. Few studies evaluate the breastfeeding status including both duration and exclusivity according to the WHO recommendations on breastfeeding. This study aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding status and ECC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study comprised 3,666 children whose breastfeeding status was precisely evaluated. Poisson regression models and multivariable linear regression models were employed to analyze the associations of breastfeeding status with risk of ECC, and mean decayed, missing, and filled primary tooth surfaces (dmfs) in 3-year-old children, respectively. The data were collected from 2014 to 2020, and the analysis was conducted in 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalences of ECC in offspring breastfed for <6 months, 6-11 months, 12-24 months, and >24 months were 9%, 12%, 17%, and 23%, respectively. Offspring breastfed for 12-24 months and over 24 months had a 1.82 times (95% CI, 1.40-2.37; p < 0.001) and 2.48 times (95% CI, 1.63-3.75; p < 0.001) higher risk of ECC, compared to those breastfed for less than 6 months. Offspring breastfed for 12-24 months showed a mean dmfs increase of 0.32 (95% CI, 0.21-0.44; p < 0.001), while those breastfed for over 24 months had a mean dmfs increase of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.27-0.74; p < 0.001), compared to those breastfed for less than 6 months. Among offspring breastfed for over 24 months, those exclusively breastfed for at least 6 months had significantly lower mean dmfs compared to those exclusively breastfed for less than 6 months (p for heterogeneity = 0.003). A significant interaction was observed between breastfeeding duration and exclusive breastfeeding duration on the association with mean dmfs (p for interaction <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that breastfeeding for over 12 months was associated with increased risk of ECC. Preventive interventions for dental caries should be implemented as early as possible, as breastfeeding is beneficial to children's health. The associations between breastfeeding duration and exclusivity with ECC should be investigated more thoroughly, particularly with adjustments for accurately measured sugar consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediation Pathway Linking Dental Caries and Academic Performance in Children.","authors":"Mir Faeq Ali Quadri, Basaruddin Ahmad","doi":"10.1159/000540883","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is little discussion in the literature on the pathway linking oral health problems and academic performance (AP) in children. This study investigated the hypothesis that the influence of dental caries on academic performance is mediated through toothache and impacted sleep and study activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study on children aged 12-14 years collected data on the exposure (decayed tooth index), outcome (school examination results), and mediator (school absence due to toothache, and oral health impact on sleep and study performances using the Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance instrument) variables. It used mediation analysis to examine the indirect effects of a single and two serial mediators using model 4 (caries → mediator → AP) and model 6 (caries → mediator 1 → mediator 2 → AP), respectively, in PROCESS macro add-on software in IBM SPSS v24. Analyses were carried out separately for boys and girls at a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In model 4, school absence due to toothache (boys: 95% CI: 0.42, 1.01; girls: 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98), and impacted sleep (95% CI: 0.13, 0.41; 95% CI: 2.17, 13.03), and study (95% CI: 0.05, 0.42; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.94) performance were significant single mediators in both sexes. In model 6, school absence due to toothache and impacted sleep activity (boys: 95% CI: 0.02, 0.29 and girls: 95% CI: 1.37, 12.81), and school absence due to toothache and impacted study activity (girls: 95% CI: 1.37, 12.81) were significant two serial-mediators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides empirical evidence showing that dental caries and toothache can impact academic performance as they disrupt sleep and study performances to influence the learning and cognition process. The finding bridges the understanding of the mechanism underpinning the relationship and thus, further emphasizes the importance of caries prevention in children with high caries risk for improving their health outcomes and educational experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Caries Research.","authors":"Livia M A Tenuta","doi":"10.1159/000545156","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption and Effect of Sealants for Occlusal Noncavitated Caries in a Large Dental Network in the USA.","authors":"Nilesh H Shah, Jeffrey L Fellows, Deborah E Polk","doi":"10.1159/000540884","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental sealants applied to occlusal pit-and-fissure surfaces have been shown to prevent caries and arrest occlusal noncavitated carious lesions (NCCLs). The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends that oral healthcare providers apply sealants on occlusal NCCLs. Though the evidence is clear that sealants are effective, few studies have examined the adoption of the ADA guideline by dentists and the duration of protection provided by sealants in a large real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used observational electronic health record (EHR) data from a network of dental clinics to follow teeth over a 2 year time period from when they were diagnosed as having an occlusal NCCL until either they were treated with a restoration or the time period ended with no restoration. The objectives of the study were to determine: (1) the degree to which dentists adopted the guideline, (2) whether the duration of protection was different for teeth that received a sealant from teeth that did not receive a sealant, and (3) whether dentists' experience placing sealants was associated with the duration of protection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there were 7,299 teeth in the sample. Of those, dentists restored 591 teeth and applied sealants on 164. The sealant application rate for eligible teeth was 2.2%. Sealant application was associated with provider, with 1.9% of providers placing more than half of the sealants. By the end of the observation period, the proportion of teeth progressing to restorations was 8.2% for teeth that had not received a sealant and 3.0% for teeth that had received one (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.88; p = 0.02). Multilevel survival analysis showed that teeth that had not received a sealant were restored sooner than teeth that had received a sealant (aHR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03-0.36; p < 0.01). Overall, teeth that received a sealant had an 89% reduced hazard of restoration within 2 years compared with teeth that did not receive sealants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that by arresting decay, the presence of sealants led to fewer restorations and delayed restorations compared with teeth not receiving a sealant or restoration in the 2 years following diagnosis of occlusal NCCL in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Carbohydrates Modulate Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Bacterial Proteome.","authors":"Lina M Marin, Yizhi Xiao, Jin Seo, Daniel Queiroz, Walter L Siqueira","doi":"10.1159/000541821","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Streptococcus mutans adherence to the tooth surface and subsequent biofilm development is modulated by the carbohydrate source, but the corresponding effect on bacterial proteome has not been previously studied. This study aimed to assess the effect of different carbohydrates on S. mutans viability and bacterial proteome at 2 time points, early attachment (8 h) and biofilm maturation (24 h).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) discs coated with parotid saliva proteins were inoculated with S. mutans UA159 in tryptone soy broth without dextrose supplemented with one of the following carbohydrates (n = 12/treatment/time point): 1% sucrose; 0.525% glucose + 0.525% fructose; 10% xylitol; 10% xylitol + 1% sucrose; or culture medium without supplementation as negative control. Once inoculated, HAp discs were incubated for 8 h or 24 h at 37°C and 10% CO2. After each incubation period, adhered bacteria were quantified using the plate-counting method for 6 HAp discs/group, and the remaining 6 HAp discs/group were used to extract bacterial cell wall proteins. Extracted proteins were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and then classified by their biological process. The study was conducted in three independent assays, and the number of bacteria adhered to the HAp discs was determined at each time point and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (α = 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest that xylitol significantly repressed bacterial adherence and metabolism at 8 h and 24 h; however, bacterial adherence and metabolism were significantly enhanced when xylitol was combined with sucrose, showing no negative effect on S. mutans at both time points. Bacterial proteome was modulated by the carbohydrate source.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cariogenicity of S. mutans biofilms may be reduced by the alternative sweetener xylitol; however, the combination with fermentable sugars may inhibit such a beneficial effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products: In vitro Effects on Erosion/Abrasion and Analysis of Formulation Components.","authors":"Katja Jung, Peter Kerzel, Anderson T Hara, Benedikt Luka, Nadine Schlueter, Carolina Ganss","doi":"10.1159/000542178","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promoted as biomimetic material in dentistry. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HAP-containing formulations can reduce erosive/abrasive tissue loss and to analyse components in these formulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two HAP toothpastes with and two without fluoride and a HAP mouthrinse were investigated, controls were active agent-free toothpaste, SnF2 toothpaste and F/Sn mouthrinse. For 10 days, human enamel samples were eroded for 2 min, 6×/day in 0.5% citric acid and immersed for 2 min, 2×/day in toothpaste slurries or mouthrinse. Half were additionally brushed for 15 s, 2×/day. The particulate fraction was extracted and examined morphologically and with element analyses. Other parameters were REA, RDA, fluoride and calcium content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The F/Sn mouthrinse almost completely prevented tissue loss; none of the HAP formulations reduced tissue loss compared to the negative control, two increased it instead. Brushing increased tissue loss in all groups except the F/Sn mouthrinse. All toothpastes contained amorphous particles of different sizes. Elemental analysis identified Si and O, and additionally, Ca and P were present in small amounts on the particles of the HAP toothpastes and one HAP+F toothpaste. In the liquid phase, elevated calcium levels were found in one HAP toothpaste and in both HAP+F toothpastes; in the formulation with the highest value, the fluoride concentration was low. REA and RDA values were not associated with tissue loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Whether alone or in combination with fluoride, HAP formulations had either no or a detrimental effect on erosive tissue loss and could not reduce abrasion. In the context of erosive tooth wear, HAP seems to be neither an alternative to fluoride nor a suitable supplement to it.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Clinical Consequences of Pulp Involvement due to Caries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Patricia Papoula Gorni Reis, Roberta Costa Jorge, Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez, Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo, Lucianne Cople Maia, Vera Mendes Soviero","doi":"10.1159/000541027","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries with pulp involvement potentially impacts the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether clinical consequences of pulp involvement due to dental caries impacts OHRQoL of children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational studies evaluating whether children/adolescents (population) with pulp involvement due to caries (exposition) compared with those without it (comparison) have more negative impact on their OHRQoL (outcome) were included. A systematic search was undertaken in August 2022 in seven databases. Alerts were set until August 2023. JBI Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was used for methodological quality assessment. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) of impact on OHRQoL. For studies with dichotomous outcome, meta-analysis calculated the odds ratio (OR). Robustness, heterogeneity, certainty of evidence, and publication bias were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 29 included studies, 14 assessed preschoolers, nine assessed schoolchildren, four assessed adolescents, and two assessed children/adolescents. PUFA was the main index used to assess the exposure. ECOHIS (preschoolers) and CPQ (children/adolescents) were the main tools used to assess the outcome. Only five articles fully adhered to the quality criteria. The meta-analyses found the following main results: (a) preschoolers: MD -10.79 (-16.50; -5.09); (b) schoolchildren: MD -5.12 (-7.51; -2.72); (c) adolescents: MD -1.86 (-4.59; 0.87); (d) overall impact: SMD -2.18; (CI: -3.21;-1.15) and OR 0.52 (CI: 0.30; 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulp involvement impacted OHRQoL of children negatively. In adolescents, this impact was not observed. Results must be interpreted with caution due to very low certainty of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Caries among over 1.5 Million Records of Schoolchildren in Singapore, 2007-2019: Age-Period-Cohort Effect Analyses.","authors":"Karen Glazer Peres, Huihua Li, Wanyi Lim, Yim Heng Wong, Bien Lai, Oy Chu Eu, Marco Aurelio Peres","doi":"10.1159/000541799","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effects of age, period (historical events), and cohort (generational impact) (APC) on caries prevalence and mean DMFT among Singapore schoolchildren from 2007 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anonymised records of all 6-year-old primary 1 (P1), 11-year-old primary 6 (P6), and 14-year-old secondary 3 (S3) students before the start of each school year between 2007 and 2019 were extracted from the Integrated Dental Electronic Assessment System (IDEAS), categorised by school level, ethnicity, and sex. Poisson regression and partial least squares regressions were applied to estimate APC effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 502,339 P1, 535,579 P6, and 496,725 S3 records were included from 2007 to 2019, with 1,058,589 (69.0%) Chinese, 187,948 (12.2%) Malay, and 152,618 (9.9%) Indian students; 245,447 (48.8%) P1, 259,389 (48.4%) P6, and 243,941 (49.1%) S3 students were girls. Overall, the APC effects on caries prevalence and mean DMFT showed a strong age effect, with the lowest prevalence in the youngest P1 group and the highest in the oldest S3 group. Period and cohort effects were identified, with the prevalence decreasing among those born after 1995 and the lowest prevalence rate in 2013. Similarly, period and cohort effects on mean DMFT were also detected, with decreased mean DMFT after period 2009 and the highest mean DMFT (0.72 in P6 and 1.13 in S3) in cohort 1995.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caries prevalence and DMFT increased with age. While both decreased in individuals born after 1995, mean DMFT began to rise again in those born after 2003.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"114-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}