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Share and Share Alike: How Inner Source Can Help Create New Digital Platforms 分享与分享：内部资源如何帮助创建新的数字平台
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211044830
L. Morgan, Rob Gleasure, Abayomi Baiyere, Hong Phuc Dang
{"title":"Share and Share Alike: How Inner Source Can Help Create New Digital Platforms","authors":"L. Morgan, Rob Gleasure, Abayomi Baiyere, Hong Phuc Dang","doi":"10.1177/00081256211044830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211044830","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations are eager to develop a digital platform. Yet, it is not clear how to realize this ambition, especially for large companies with complex existing structures. This study demonstrates how the growing trend of “Inner Source” (adopting internal open-source/crowdsourcing practices within large organizations) can help companies become more platform-based. This article studies three large organizations—Zalando, Philips Healthcare, and PayPal—and identifies a four-stage model that explains how Inner Source helped them develop their internal and external platforms. It details six recommendations for large organizations wishing to follow a strategy of Inner Source-driven platformization.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"90 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Choose Your Enemies Well: Mapping, Managing, and Leveraging Rivalry 选择好你的敌人：规划、管理和利用竞争
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211042947
Elisa Operti, Stoyan V. Sgourev, Shemuel Lampronti
{"title":"Choose Your Enemies Well: Mapping, Managing, and Leveraging Rivalry","authors":"Elisa Operti, Stoyan V. Sgourev, Shemuel Lampronti","doi":"10.1177/00081256211042947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211042947","url":null,"abstract":"There is an important constraint that can be used to regulate mobility in competitive labor markets—the existence of a deeply felt rivalry between employers. Rivalry denotes a stable antagonistic relationship between companies, as exemplified by Apple and IBM in the 1980s. Analyzing data from the Palio di Siena (an ancient horse race in Siena, Italy), this article shows that direct moves between rivals are rare, accounting for less than 2% of all career moves in this context between 1743 and 2011. Rivalry constrains not only direct but also indirect moves to the ally of a rival or the rival of an ally. This article presents a framework describing how managers can harness rivalry: mapping rivalry, managing rivalry to capitalize on its positive aspects, and leveraging rivalry to adjust the level of competitive intensity.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Team is an Island: How Leaders Shape Networked Ecosystems for Team Success 没有一个团队是孤岛:领导者如何塑造团队成功的网络生态系统
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211041784
I. Carboni, Rob Cross, A. Edmondson
{"title":"No Team is an Island: How Leaders Shape Networked Ecosystems for Team Success","authors":"I. Carboni, Rob Cross, A. Edmondson","doi":"10.1177/00081256211041784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211041784","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s organizations rely on networks of dynamic systems of “agile” teams to get work done. Teams are distributed, transient, and loosely bounded in service of responsiveness and innovation. The key to this new way of doing work is managing the networked ecosystem in which teams are embedded. But in the context of leading multiple teams with fuzzy boundaries and shifting membership, the average overwhelmed manager quickly defaults to what is nearest in urgency: managing internal team dynamics and responding to internal customer demands. Drawn from field interviews with 100 top-performing team leaders, this article presents a framework-for-action to leaders who want to engage the networked ecosystem with intention and precision, including specific tactics for identifying and influencing high-leverage stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"5 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48543970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
How to Appropriate Value from General-Purpose Technology by Applying Open Innovation 如何运用开放式创新从通用技术中获取价值
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211041787
Jialei Yang, H. Chesbrough, P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen
{"title":"How to Appropriate Value from General-Purpose Technology by Applying Open Innovation","authors":"Jialei Yang, H. Chesbrough, P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen","doi":"10.1177/00081256211041787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211041787","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence increasingly attracts attention and investments. However, appropriating value from this general-purpose technology (GPT) can be difficult. To understand these challenges, this article analyzes why IBM failed to generate significant profits from IBM Watson Health despite its promising starting points. The findings suggest that, considering the characteristics of GPT, an overly closed approach for taking it to market contributed to the failure. Furthermore, conditions such as the immaturity and the complexity of the application field intensified the challenges. This study suggests that using a strong appropriability regime in open innovation can enhance the appropriation of value from a GPT.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"24 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Agility as the Discovery of Slowness 敏捷是缓慢的发现
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211028739
Christiane Prange
{"title":"Agility as the Discovery of Slowness","authors":"Christiane Prange","doi":"10.1177/00081256211028739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211028739","url":null,"abstract":"How can companies avoid the agility acceleration trap and align their level of agility with environmental complexity to include reflection and slowness? An answer to this question is pertinent to understanding the real value of agility, which is often equated with speed. This article introduces a framework for analyzing agility through three kinds of change—resilient, versatile, and transformational—with respect to the level of environmental turbulence. The value of this framework is demonstrated by company examples where “agility as slowness” in some areas and “agility as speed” in other dimensions provide a basis for competitive advantages.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"27 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211028739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49260571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Blinkered Boss: How Has Managerial Behavior Changed with the Shift to Virtual Working? 眨眼的老板：随着虚拟工作的转变，管理行为发生了怎样的变化？
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211025823
J. Birkinshaw, Maya Gudka, Vittorio D'Amato
{"title":"The Blinkered Boss: How Has Managerial Behavior Changed with the Shift to Virtual Working?","authors":"J. Birkinshaw, Maya Gudka, Vittorio D'Amato","doi":"10.1177/00081256211025823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211025823","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual working became the norm for most organizations since March 2020, and it brings well-recognized challenges. But we know little about the impact of virtual working on managerial behavior. This article presents the results of three surveys conducted before and during lockdown to understand what changed. It shows how managers became more blinkered: turning inward, becoming task-focused at the expense of relationship-building, and finding few opportunities to develop new skills. The article offers practical suggestions for how the evolution of managerial work might be accelerated, so that managers can become more effective in this changing environment.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"5 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211025823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Causal Mapping for Strategy Execution: Pitfalls and Applications 战略执行的因果映射:陷阱和应用
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211019799
Andrew F. MacLennan, C. Markides
{"title":"Causal Mapping for Strategy Execution: Pitfalls and Applications","authors":"Andrew F. MacLennan, C. Markides","doi":"10.1177/00081256211019799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211019799","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations can attempt to improve strategy implementation by developing strategy execution maps, which aim to translate strategic objectives into specific activities and provide sufficient clarity to inform employees’ decisions and actions. However, managers often encounter pitfalls, both in framing the process and in developing maps. This article suggests how to overcome these pitfalls, describes several applications of causal maps to further enhance strategy execution, and illustrates strategy execution maps for organizations with distinctive strategies.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"89 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211019799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Partnering with Startups Globally: Distinct Strategies for Different Locations 与全球初创企业合作:不同地区的独特战略
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211022743
S. Prashantham
{"title":"Partnering with Startups Globally: Distinct Strategies for Different Locations","authors":"S. Prashantham","doi":"10.1177/00081256211022743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211022743","url":null,"abstract":"Partnering with startups is an important way by which large multinational corporations (MNCs) pursue open innovation. This article sheds light on distinctive startup partnering strategies across multiple locations. These vary in terms of institutional strength (advanced vs. emerging markets) and local reputation in a given sector (cluster vs. non-cluster). Different partnering strategies are appropriate for each location type: a template-based or purpose-built approach (in clusters vs. non-clusters, respectively), and a facilitative or directive approach (in advanced vs. emerging markets, respectively).","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"123 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211022743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41907583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Preparing Organizations for Greater Turbulence 组织为更大的动荡做准备
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211022039
P. Schoemaker, G. Day
{"title":"Preparing Organizations for Greater Turbulence","authors":"P. Schoemaker, G. Day","doi":"10.1177/00081256211022039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211022039","url":null,"abstract":"Vigilant organizations excel at seeing looming threats and embryonic opportunities sooner than rivals, which prepares them to act faster when needed. Four drivers distinguish vigilant from vulnerable organizations, which can be used to design a roadmap to improve organizational acuity and preparedness. The fulcrum of these changes rests with the leadership team by demonstrating a strong commitment to vigilance at all levels, and reinforcing this by making targeted investments in foresight capabilities. These strategic moves also need to be supported by corresponding changes in the strategy-making process and by ensuring accountability and coordination of vigilance activities throughout the enterprise.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"66 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211022039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48196638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Four Ways to Improve Risk Reporting 改进风险报告的四种方法
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211019801
Ruchi Agarwal, Sanjay Kallapur
{"title":"Four Ways to Improve Risk Reporting","authors":"Ruchi Agarwal, Sanjay Kallapur","doi":"10.1177/00081256211019801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211019801","url":null,"abstract":"Risk reporting is often unconnected with business strategy and performance, and is considered merely as a matter of compliance, which defeats the purpose of risk management. This article describes four best practices of companies that have improved their risk reporting by strengthening the vertical and horizontal communication of risks, reporting near misses, and communicating risk digitally through apps. Better risk reporting involves simplification and incentivization. It enables organizations to improve risk management and risk culture overall.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"52 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211019801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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