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SMEs’ Open Innovation: Applying a Barrier Approach 中小企业开放创新：应用壁垒法
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211052679
Sandra Dubouloz, R. Bocquet, Catherine Equey Balzli, Elodie Gardet, Romain Gandia
{"title":"SMEs’ Open Innovation: Applying a Barrier Approach","authors":"Sandra Dubouloz, R. Bocquet, Catherine Equey Balzli, Elodie Gardet, Romain Gandia","doi":"10.1177/00081256211052679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211052679","url":null,"abstract":"This article identifies barriers that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) encounter when they openly innovate, according to the open innovation (OI) mode used (inbound, outbound, coupled). A qualitative analysis—involving seven case studies of SMEs active in digital (high-tech) or social economy (low-tech) sectors—reveals that they face more internal than external OI barriers. Overall, the nature of the barriers does not vary across OI modes, but their intensity does. With regard to external barriers, the results reveal a “tribe syndrome,” such that SMEs resist opening up to other firms that do not share the same values.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"113 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42228665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Incentivizing Environmental Improvements in Supply Chains through Data-Driven Governance 通过数据驱动型治理激励供应链环境改善
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211049827
D. O'Rourke, Niklas Lollo
{"title":"Incentivizing Environmental Improvements in Supply Chains through Data-Driven Governance","authors":"D. O'Rourke, Niklas Lollo","doi":"10.1177/00081256211049827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211049827","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Apparel Coalition’s Facility Environmental Module (FEM) is one of the world’s most advanced “data-driven governance” initiatives. The FEM represents an important new strategy in the governance of Global Value Chains. This article reports on a multi-year study to evaluate how firms have implemented the FEM, and whether and under what conditions it leads to improvements in factory performance. It finds that while the FEM represents an important step in improving environmental measurement systems, the program currently acts like a “scale without a diet.” Companies are now better able to measure performance, but many have not implemented the mechanisms needed to motivate systematic improvements. This article offers recommendations for how to strengthen data-driven governance systems and explores their implications for managers.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"47 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47391045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tools and Technologies of Transparency in Sustainable Global Supply Chains 可持续全球供应链透明度的工具和技术
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211045993
P. McGrath, L. McCarthy, D. Marshall, J. Rehme
{"title":"Tools and Technologies of Transparency in Sustainable Global Supply Chains","authors":"P. McGrath, L. McCarthy, D. Marshall, J. Rehme","doi":"10.1177/00081256211045993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211045993","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the role that technology plays in creating and fostering transparency in global supply chains. Transparency is deemed vital in the creation of sustainable and resilient supply chains and overall effective corporate governance. There are two distinct orientations toward the use of technology by multinational corporations (MNCs) in creating sustainability transparency within their global supply chains: control and relational. A control orientation views technology as a tool to gather the ever-increasing levels of sustainability data on supplier practices in an efficient, secure, and progressively automated manner. A relational orientation adopts a view where technology is a tool to help build social relations and improve dialogue and collaboration on sustainability throughout the supply chain. A key difference in the two orientations lies in the mindset of the MNC manager toward the development of supply chain sustainability transparency. The article illustrates the effective application of both approaches and offers advice to managers on the design choices they need to consider in choosing technologies.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"67 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41841678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Share and Share Alike: How Inner Source Can Help Create New Digital Platforms 分享与分享：内部资源如何帮助创建新的数字平台
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211044830
L. Morgan, Rob Gleasure, Abayomi Baiyere, Hong Phuc Dang
{"title":"Share and Share Alike: How Inner Source Can Help Create New Digital Platforms","authors":"L. Morgan, Rob Gleasure, Abayomi Baiyere, Hong Phuc Dang","doi":"10.1177/00081256211044830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211044830","url":null,"abstract":"Many organizations are eager to develop a digital platform. Yet, it is not clear how to realize this ambition, especially for large companies with complex existing structures. This study demonstrates how the growing trend of “Inner Source” (adopting internal open-source/crowdsourcing practices within large organizations) can help companies become more platform-based. This article studies three large organizations—Zalando, Philips Healthcare, and PayPal—and identifies a four-stage model that explains how Inner Source helped them develop their internal and external platforms. It details six recommendations for large organizations wishing to follow a strategy of Inner Source-driven platformization.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"90 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Choose Your Enemies Well: Mapping, Managing, and Leveraging Rivalry 选择好你的敌人：规划、管理和利用竞争
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211042947
Elisa Operti, Stoyan V. Sgourev, Shemuel Lampronti
{"title":"Choose Your Enemies Well: Mapping, Managing, and Leveraging Rivalry","authors":"Elisa Operti, Stoyan V. Sgourev, Shemuel Lampronti","doi":"10.1177/00081256211042947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211042947","url":null,"abstract":"There is an important constraint that can be used to regulate mobility in competitive labor markets—the existence of a deeply felt rivalry between employers. Rivalry denotes a stable antagonistic relationship between companies, as exemplified by Apple and IBM in the 1980s. Analyzing data from the Palio di Siena (an ancient horse race in Siena, Italy), this article shows that direct moves between rivals are rare, accounting for less than 2% of all career moves in this context between 1743 and 2011. Rivalry constrains not only direct but also indirect moves to the ally of a rival or the rival of an ally. This article presents a framework describing how managers can harness rivalry: mapping rivalry, managing rivalry to capitalize on its positive aspects, and leveraging rivalry to adjust the level of competitive intensity.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
No Team is an Island: How Leaders Shape Networked Ecosystems for Team Success 没有一个团队是孤岛:领导者如何塑造团队成功的网络生态系统
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211041784
I. Carboni, Rob Cross, A. Edmondson
{"title":"No Team is an Island: How Leaders Shape Networked Ecosystems for Team Success","authors":"I. Carboni, Rob Cross, A. Edmondson","doi":"10.1177/00081256211041784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211041784","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s organizations rely on networks of dynamic systems of “agile” teams to get work done. Teams are distributed, transient, and loosely bounded in service of responsiveness and innovation. The key to this new way of doing work is managing the networked ecosystem in which teams are embedded. But in the context of leading multiple teams with fuzzy boundaries and shifting membership, the average overwhelmed manager quickly defaults to what is nearest in urgency: managing internal team dynamics and responding to internal customer demands. Drawn from field interviews with 100 top-performing team leaders, this article presents a framework-for-action to leaders who want to engage the networked ecosystem with intention and precision, including specific tactics for identifying and influencing high-leverage stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"5 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48543970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
How to Appropriate Value from General-Purpose Technology by Applying Open Innovation 如何运用开放式创新从通用技术中获取价值
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211041787
Jialei Yang, H. Chesbrough, P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen
{"title":"How to Appropriate Value from General-Purpose Technology by Applying Open Innovation","authors":"Jialei Yang, H. Chesbrough, P. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen","doi":"10.1177/00081256211041787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211041787","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence increasingly attracts attention and investments. However, appropriating value from this general-purpose technology (GPT) can be difficult. To understand these challenges, this article analyzes why IBM failed to generate significant profits from IBM Watson Health despite its promising starting points. The findings suggest that, considering the characteristics of GPT, an overly closed approach for taking it to market contributed to the failure. Furthermore, conditions such as the immaturity and the complexity of the application field intensified the challenges. This study suggests that using a strong appropriability regime in open innovation can enhance the appropriation of value from a GPT.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"24 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Agility as the Discovery of Slowness 敏捷是缓慢的发现
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211028739
Christiane Prange
{"title":"Agility as the Discovery of Slowness","authors":"Christiane Prange","doi":"10.1177/00081256211028739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211028739","url":null,"abstract":"How can companies avoid the agility acceleration trap and align their level of agility with environmental complexity to include reflection and slowness? An answer to this question is pertinent to understanding the real value of agility, which is often equated with speed. This article introduces a framework for analyzing agility through three kinds of change—resilient, versatile, and transformational—with respect to the level of environmental turbulence. The value of this framework is demonstrated by company examples where “agility as slowness” in some areas and “agility as speed” in other dimensions provide a basis for competitive advantages.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"27 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211028739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49260571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Blinkered Boss: How Has Managerial Behavior Changed with the Shift to Virtual Working? 眨眼的老板：随着虚拟工作的转变，管理行为发生了怎样的变化？
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211025823
J. Birkinshaw, Maya Gudka, Vittorio D'Amato
{"title":"The Blinkered Boss: How Has Managerial Behavior Changed with the Shift to Virtual Working?","authors":"J. Birkinshaw, Maya Gudka, Vittorio D'Amato","doi":"10.1177/00081256211025823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211025823","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual working became the norm for most organizations since March 2020, and it brings well-recognized challenges. But we know little about the impact of virtual working on managerial behavior. This article presents the results of three surveys conducted before and during lockdown to understand what changed. It shows how managers became more blinkered: turning inward, becoming task-focused at the expense of relationship-building, and finding few opportunities to develop new skills. The article offers practical suggestions for how the evolution of managerial work might be accelerated, so that managers can become more effective in this changing environment.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"5 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211025823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42137312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Causal Mapping for Strategy Execution: Pitfalls and Applications 战略执行的因果映射:陷阱和应用
IF 1 2区 管理学
California Management Review Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/00081256211019799
Andrew F. MacLennan, C. Markides
{"title":"Causal Mapping for Strategy Execution: Pitfalls and Applications","authors":"Andrew F. MacLennan, C. Markides","doi":"10.1177/00081256211019799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00081256211019799","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations can attempt to improve strategy implementation by developing strategy execution maps, which aim to translate strategic objectives into specific activities and provide sufficient clarity to inform employees’ decisions and actions. However, managers often encounter pitfalls, both in framing the process and in developing maps. This article suggests how to overcome these pitfalls, describes several applications of causal maps to further enhance strategy execution, and illustrates strategy execution maps for organizations with distinctive strategies.","PeriodicalId":9605,"journal":{"name":"California Management Review","volume":"63 1","pages":"89 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00081256211019799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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