Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Recent clinical researches and technological development in TIL therapy","authors":"Satoko Matsueda, Lei Chen, Hongmei Li, Hui Yao, Fuli Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03793-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03793-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the solid cancer treatment, offering new hope to patients and their families with high response rates and long overall survival. TIL therapy involves extracting immune cells from a patient's tumor tissue, expanding them ex vivo, and infusing them back into the patient to target and eliminate cancer cells. This revolutionary approach harnesses the power of the immune system to combat cancers, ushering in a new era of T cell-based therapies along with CAR-T and TCR-therapies. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the remarkable potential of TIL therapy by delving into recent advancements in basic and clinical researches. We highlight on the evolving landscape of TIL therapy as a prominent immunotherapeutic strategy, its multifaceted applications, and the promising outcomes. Additionally, we explore the future horizons of TIL therapy, next-generation TILs, and combination therapy, to overcome the limitations and improve clinical efficacy of TIL therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A monoclonal antibody recognizing CD98 on human embryonic stem cells shows anti-tumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts","authors":"Keunpyo Lim, San Ha Han, Sein Han, Ji Yoon Lee, Hong Seo Choi, Dongho Choi, Chun Jeih Ryu","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03827-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03827-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>CD98, also known as SLC3A2, is a multifunctional cell surface molecule consisting of amino acid transporters. CD98 is ubiquitously expressed in many types of tissues, but expressed at higher levels in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. CD98 is also upregulated in most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients; however, the function of CD98 in HCC cells has been little studied. In this study, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface proteins on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). NPB15, one of the MAbs, bound to hESCs and various cancer cells, including HCC cells and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, but not to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and primary hepatocytes. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified the target antigen of NPB15 as CD98. CD98 depletion decreased cell proliferation, clonogenic survival, and migration and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. In addition, CD98 depletion decreased the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in HCC cells. In tumorsphere cultures, the expression of CD98 interacting with NPB15 was significantly increased, as were known CSC markers. After cell sorting by NPB15, cells with high expression of CD98 (CD98-high) showed higher clonogenic survival than cells with low expression of CD98 (CD98-low) in HCC cells, suggesting CD98 as a potential CSC marker on HCC cells. The chimeric version of NPB15 was able to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HCC cells in vitro. NPB15 injection showed antitumor activity in an HCC xenograft mouse model. The results suggest that NPB15 may be developed as a therapeutic antibody for HCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding-on nivolumab to chemotherapy-stabilized patients is associated with improved survival in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Shih-Hung Yang, Sung-Hsin Kuo, Jen-Chieh Lee, Bang-Bin Chen, Yan-Shen Shan, Yu-Wen Tien, Sz-Chi Chiu, Ann-Lii Cheng, Kun-Huei Yeh","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03821-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03821-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are rarely used to treat advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to marginal efficacy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study included 92 consecutive patients diagnosed with advanced or recurrent PDAC who received nivolumab-based treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors. A control group of 301 patients with PDAC who achieved disease control with palliative chemotherapy but without ICIs was selected for comparison using propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median overall survival (OS) since nivolumab treatment was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.5-19.0), 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-3.6), and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0-1.2) months in patients who received add-on nivolumab after achieving disease control with chemotherapy, in those who received concomitant nivolumab and chemotherapy without prerequisite confirmation of disease control, and in those who received nivolumab without concomitant chemotherapy, respectively (P < 0.001). After PSM, the median overall survival (OS) since initiation of the concomitant chemotherapy that achieved disease control was significantly longer (P = 0.026) in patients who received add-on nivolumab (19.8 months; 95% CI 14.5-25.1) than in those who received chemotherapy alone (13.8 months; 95% CI 10.8-16.9). The immune profiling of the tumors in resected patients revealed higher scores of CD8⁺ T cells to Tregs in patients with add-on nivolumab comparing to those who received chemotherapy alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding-on nivolumab was associated with improved OS in patients with advanced PDAC who achieved disease control following chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretome and immune cell attraction analysis of head and neck cancers.","authors":"Tara Muijlwijk, Niels E Wondergem, Fatima Ekhlas, Naomi Remkes, Dennis N L M Nijenhuis, Lennart Fritz, Sonja H Ganzevles, Iris H C Miedema, C René Leemans, Jos B Poell, Ruud H Brakenhoff, Rieneke van de Ven","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03809-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03809-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors are approved for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but the response rate is only 13-18%. For an effective antitumor immune response, trafficking of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential. We aimed to better understand immune cell migration as well as the involved chemokines in HNSCC. A transwell assay was used to study immune cell migration toward TME-conditioned medium. While T cell migration was not observed, conventional dendritic cell (cDC) migration was induced by TME-conditioned media. cDC migration correlated with various proteins in the TME secretome. CCL8, CXCL5, CCL13 and CCL7 were tested in validation experiments and addition of these chemokines induced cDC migration. Using single cell RNA-sequencing, we observed expression of CCL8, CXCL5, CCL13 and CCL7 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Depleting fibroblasts led to reduced cDC migration. Thus CAFs, while often seen as suppressors of antitumor immunity, play a role in attracting cDCs toward the head and neck cancer TME, which might be crucial for effective antitumor immunity and response to therapies. Indeed, we found RNA expression signatures of the indicated chemokines, cDC and CAF subpopulations, to be significantly higher in baseline tumor specimen of patients with a major pathological response to pre-surgical anti-PD-1 treatment compared to non-responding patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with high risk of recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a single-arm phase II study.","authors":"Jhe-Cyuan Guo, Ta-Chen Huang, Hung-Yang Kuo, Chia-Chi Lin, Feng-Ming Hsu, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Yen-Lin Huang, Min-Shu Hsieh, Pei-Ming Huang, Jang-Ming Lee, Shu-Ling Wu, Chih-Hung Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03826-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03826-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjuvant nivolumab reduces recurrence in patients with locoregional esophageal cancer who had pathological residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and R0 resection. However, the efficacy of adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in patients at higher risk of recurrence remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03322267) enrolled patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus esophagectomy but still had various risk factors for recurrence, such as involved or close margins (≤ 1 mm), extranodal extension of the involved lymph nodes, and the ypN2-3 stage. Patients received adjuvant therapy composed of a course of cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy and pembrolizumab (200 mg, IV every 3 weeks) for 18 cycles. The primary endpoint was 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five patients were enrolled. The risk factors were tumor margins of ≤ 1 mm (18 patients), extranodal extension of the involved lymph nodes (9 patients), and the ypN2-3 stage (9 patients). The median follow-up duration was 21.6 months (95% CI: 18.7-33.2). The rate of 1-year RFS was 60.0%. The median duration of RFS and overall survival was 14.3 (95% CI: 9.0-19.5) and 21.6 (95% CI: 0.0-45.5) months, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events of any grade and those of ≥ 3 grade occurred in 56% and 8% of all patients receiving cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy and in 79.2% and 12.5% of those receiving pembrolizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab is feasible and may be associated with improved 1-year RFS rate in patients at high risk of recurrence after trimodality therapy for locally advanced ESCC. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT03322267).</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptions in antigen processing and presentation machinery on sarcoma.","authors":"Salvatore Lorenzo Renne, Laura Sama', Sonia Kumar, Omer Mintemur, Laura Ruspi, Ilaria Santori, Federico Sicoli, Alexia Bertuzzi, Alice Laffi, Arturo Bonometti, Piergiuseppe Colombo, Vittoria D'amato, Alessandra Bressan, Marta Scorsetti, Luigi Terracciano, Pierina Navarria, Maurizio D'incalci, Vittorio Quagliuolo, Fabio Pasqualini, Fabio Grizzi, Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03822-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03822-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The antigen processing machinery (APM) plays a critical role in generating tumor-specific antigens that can be recognized and targeted by the immune system. Proper functioning of APM components is essential for presenting these antigens on the surface of tumor cells, enabling immune detection and destruction. In many cancers, defects in APM can lead to immune evasion, contributing to tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes. However, the status of the APM in sarcomas is not well characterized, limiting the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies for these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated 126 patients with 8 types of bone and soft tissue sarcoma operated between 2001-2021. Tissue microarrays mapped 11 specific areas in each case. The presence/absence of APM protein was determined through immunohistochemistry. Bayesian networks were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All investigated sarcomas had some defects in APM. The least damaged component was HLA Class I subunit β2-microglobulin and HLA Class II. The proteasome LMP10 subunit was defective in leiomyosarcoma (LMS), myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), while MHC I transporting unit TAP2 was altered in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and chordoma (CH). Among different neoplastic areas, high-grade areas showed different patterns of expression compared to high lymphocytic infiltrate areas. Heterogeneity at the patient level was also observed. Loss of any APM component was prognostic of distant metastasis (DM) for LMS and DDLPS and of overall survival (OS) for LMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarcomas exhibit a high degree of defects in APM components, with differences among histotypes and tumoral areas. The most commonly altered APM components were HLA Class I subunit β2-microglobulin, HLA Class I subunit α (HC10), and MHC I transporting unit TAP2. The loss of APM components was prognostic of DM and OS and clinically relevant for LMS and DDLPS. This study explores sarcoma molecular mechanisms, enriching personalized therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple therapy boosts survival in NSCLC patients with brain metastases: a retrospective cohort study of chemotherapy, ICIs, and antiangiogenic agents.","authors":"Dingyi Yang, Erha Munai, Siwei Zeng, Dan Tao, Ze Yuan, Liang Du, Wei Zhou, Yongzhong Wu, Xiao-Dong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03797-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-024-03797-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Treatment of brain metastases (BMs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially those with non-sensitive genetic mutations, is hindered by limited drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This retrospective study explores the efficacy of systemic treatments during brain metastasis to radiotherapy evaluation window in improving patient survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 209 NSCLC patients with non-sensitive mutations and BMs, treated between 2016 and 2023 at two tertiary medical centers (Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital). The patients were divided into three groups, namely chemotherapy alone (C; n = 95), chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (C + I; n = 62), and chemotherapy with ICIs and antiangiogenic therapy (A) (C + I + A; n = 52). Statistical analyses were performed using R software, version 4.3.3. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher's exact test, and survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess factors associated with overall survival (OS). Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was employed to address model uncertainty and improve result robustness. Subgroup analyses evaluated treatment-related mortality risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;From an initial cohort of 658 NSCLC patients with BMs, 209 were analyzed with a median age of 59; the majority were male (80.9%) and diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (78.9%). Univariate analysis identified significant variables influencing outcomes, including BMs radiotherapy EQD2, BMs count, local thoracic treatment, BMs radiotherapy field, intracranial response, and systemic treatment post-BMs diagnosis. The C + I + A regimen significantly improved median OS to 23.6 months compared to 11.4 months with C and 16.2 months with C + I, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.43-0.82; P &lt; 0.0001). The two-year OS rate was highest in the C + I + A group at 38.5%, versus 10.5% in C and 20.4% in C + I (P &lt; 0.001). Cox regression and BMA analyses confirmed the stability of BMA in providing HR estimates, yielding area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.785 for BMA and 0.793 for the Cox model, with no significant difference in predictive performance. Subgroup analysis revealed a 71% mortality risk reduction with C + I + A (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.18-0.47; P &lt; 0.0001), showing consistent benefits regardless of patient sex, BMs count, extracranial metastases presence, and local thoracic treatments. Treatment sequence analysis indicated a median OS of 33.4 months for patients starting with A, though not statistically significant (HR: 0.59; P = 0.36). The overall incidence of radiation-induced brain injury was low at 3.3%, with rates in the C, C + I, and C + I + A groups being 3.2%, 4.8%, and 1.9%, respectively (P = 0.","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive and longitudinal evaluation of the different populations of lymphoid and myeloid cells in the peripheral blood of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.","authors":"Jens von der Grün, Martina Broglie, Matthias Guckenberger, Panagiotis Balermpas","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03810-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-024-03810-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunotherapy provided significant survival benefits for recurrent and metastatic patients with head and neck cancer. These improvements could not be reproduced in patients treated with curative-intent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and the optimal radio-immunotherapy (RIT) concepts have yet to be designed. Exploration and analysis of the pre-therapeutic immune status of these patients and the changes occurring during the treatment course could be crucial in rationally designing future combined treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from a cohort of 25 head and neck cancer patients treated with curative-intended (C)-RT prior to therapy, after the first week of treatment, and three months after treatment completion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or all nucleated blood cells were isolated and analyzed via flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, patients showed reduced monocyte and lymphocyte counts compared to healthy individuals. Although overall CD8⁺ T-cell frequencies were reduced, the proportion of memory subsets were increased in patients. Radiotherapy (RT) treatment led to a further increase in CD8⁺ effector memory T-cells. Among myeloid populations, tumor-promoting subsets became less abundant after RT, in favor of pro-inflammatory cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study prospectively demonstrated a complex interplay and distinct longitudinal changes in the composition of lymphocytic and myeloid populations during curative (C)-RT of head and neck cancer. Further validation of this method in a larger cohort could allow for better treatment guidance and tailored incorporation of immunotherapies (IT) in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of durvalumab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary duct cancer and biomarkers exploration.","authors":"Yunxin Lu, Yin Jin, Furong Liu, Zixian Wang, Wen Zhou, Yang Zhang, Bing Bai, Yun Wang, Zhiqiang Wang, Man Nie, Huiyan Luo, Xiaoli Wei, Chuqiao Liang, Guifang Guo, Miaozhen Qiu, Jianwen Chen, Yu Liu, Shengping Li, Yuhong Li, Fenghua Wang, Feng Wang, Peidong Chi, Dongsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03796-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-024-03796-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab has been approved for use in first-line advanced biliary duct cancer (ABC). So far, predictive biomarkers of efficacy are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ABC patients who underwent gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with or without durvalumab were retrospectively enrolled, and their baseline clinical pathological indices were retrieved from medical records. Overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated and analyzed. The levels of peripheral biomarkers from 48 patients were detected with assay kits including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genomic alterations in 27 patients whose tumor tissues were available were depicted via targeted next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 186 ABC patients met the inclusion criteria between January 2020 and December 2022 were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, 93 patients received chemotherapy with durvalumab and the rest received chemotherapy alone. Durvalumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in PFS (6.77 vs. 4.99 months; hazard ratio 0.65 [95% CI 0.48-0.88]; P = 0.005), but not OS (14.29 vs. 13.24 months; hazard ratio 0.91 [95% CI 0.62-1.32]; P = 0.608) vs. chemotherapy alone in previously untreated ABC patients. The objective response rate (ORR) in patients receiving chemotherapy with and without durvalumab was 19.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Pretreatment sPD-L1, CSF1R and OPG were identified as significant prognosis predictors in patients receiving durvalumab. ADGRB3 and RNF43 mutations were enriched in patients who responded to chemotherapy plus durvalumab and correlated with superior survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This retrospective real-world study confirmed the clinical benefit of durvalumab plus chemotherapy in treatment-naïve ABC patients. Peripheral sPD-L1 and CSF1R are promising prognostic biomarkers for this therapeutic strategy. Presence of ADGRB3 or RNF43 mutations could improve the stratification of immunotherapy outcomes, but further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung abnormalities: clinical utility of subcategorizing interstitial lung abnormalities.","authors":"Ryota Kikuchi, Yusuke Watanabe, Takashi Okuma, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Shinji Abe","doi":"10.1007/s00262-024-03792-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-024-03792-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) risk factors. However, the relationship between imaging patterns and immunotherapy outcomes, and treatment strategies remain unclear in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILAs. We retrospectively evaluated patients with ILAs-complicated NSCLC who received ICI therapy. ILAs were subcategorized as non-subpleural, subpleural non-fibrotic, and subpleural fibrotic (SF) based on the 2020 position paper by the Fleischner Society. We investigated ICI-P incidence, ICI-P risk factors, lung cancer prognosis, and ILAs radiological progression. Of the 481 ICI-treated patients, 79 (16.4%) had ILAs (45 non-SF and 34 SF). The ICI-P cumulative incidence (hazard ratio, 4.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90-10.98; p = 0.001) and any grade and grade ≥ 3 ICI-P incidences were higher in patients with SF-ILAs than in those with non-SF-ILAs (all grades: 7/45 [15.6%)] vs. 18/34 [52.9%]; p < 0.001; grade ≥ 3: 1/45 [2.2%] vs. 10/34 [29.4%]; p = 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, SF-ILAs independently predicted ICI-P (odds ratio, 5.35; 95% CI 1.62-17.61; p = 0.006). Patients with SF-ILAs had shorter progression-free and overall survival and higher ICI-P-related respiratory failure death rates than those with non-SF-ILAs. Approximately 2.5 times more patients with SF-ILAs showed progression by the 2-year follow-up than those with non-SF-ILAs. SF-ILAs is an independent strong predictor of ICI-P development in patients with NSCLC, may increase ICI-P severity, worsen prognosis, and accelerate ILAs progression. ILAs subcategorization is an important treatment strategy for patients with lung cancer treated with ICIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9595,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}