Kirishani Kesavan, Sheethal Panchakshari, Haya Abdelwahab, Elena Stephanie Gomez Rabelo, Ketul R Chaudhary
{"title":"Endothelial characteristics of cardiac stem cell antigen-1 expressing cells and their relevance to right ventricular adaptation.","authors":"Kirishani Kesavan, Sheethal Panchakshari, Haya Abdelwahab, Elena Stephanie Gomez Rabelo, Ketul R Chaudhary","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0244","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of evidence suggest that the stem cell antigen-1 expressing (Sca-1<sup>+</sup>) cells in the heart may be the cardiac endothelial stem/progenitor cells. Their endothelial cell (EC) functions, and their role in right ventricle (RV) physiology and pathophysiology of right heart failure (RHF) remains poorly defined. This study investigated EC characteristics of rat cardiac Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells, assessed spatial distribution and studied changes in Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells during RV remodelling in monocrotaline (MCT) model of pulmonary hypertension and RV remodeling. First, flow-cytometry analysis of adult male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) and Fischer CDF rat heart cells was performed, and we observed that the majority of Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells also expressed CD31, an EC marker. Furthermore, Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells showed acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) uptake and lectin binding similar to CD31<sup>+</sup> cells from the same heart. The Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells also demonstrated network formation when plated on Matrigel. In the MCT treated rats, we observed increase in RV hypertrophy that correlated with the reduction in the abundance of Sca-1<sup>+</sup>CD31<sup>+</sup> cells in the RV. Together, the cardiac Sca-1<sup>+</sup> cells in the heart are endothelial stem/progenitor-like cells. These cells have higher abundance in the RV and may play a role in RV adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali A Husain, Ravikumar Manickam, Jonah Gordon, Sandhya Santhana, Katarzyna Mizgalska, Wayne C Guida, Srinivas M Tipparaju, Kirpal S Bisht
{"title":"Chemical synthesis, in vitro testing, and in silico Nampt-based molecular docking of novel aniline aromatic ring-substituted 2-aminothiazole analogs.","authors":"Ali A Husain, Ravikumar Manickam, Jonah Gordon, Sandhya Santhana, Katarzyna Mizgalska, Wayne C Guida, Srinivas M Tipparaju, Kirpal S Bisht","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0211","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The heterocyclic 2-aminothiazoles scaffolds are used in a wide range of therapeutic applications against various diseases for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer actions. In this study, we synthesized novel aniline aromatic ring-substituted 2-aminothiazole derivatives. Molecular docking was performed using Glide module of the Schrödinger Suite to fit compounds JG-49, JG-62, and KBA-18 against the Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) enzyme, an intracellular regulator of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox cofactor involved in energy metabolism and epigenetics and are implicated in aging and metabolic diseases. The three compounds viz. JG-49, JG-62, and KBA-18 showed an increase in Nampt enzymatic activity in vitro. All three substituted derivatives of 2-aminothiazole showed no cytotoxicity with the mouse C2C12 myoblasts cultures assessed with the MTT cell viability assay. Moreover, the wound closure of the mouse C2C12 myoblasts in vitro displayed no significant difference between the treatment groups of the 2-aminothiazole derivatives compared with the control naïve and DMSO treated myoblasts cultures, except for the 2-aminothiazole substituted derivatives JG-62 and KBA-18, which showed a significant increase in the wound closure compared with the control cells at different concentrations. Taken together, we demonstrated that 2-aminothiazole substituted derivatives provide enhanced Nampt activity, wound closure, and no cytotoxic effects in vitro. Further studies will allow to improve the substitution of 2-aminothiazole derivatives and test their potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of the common causes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in females, and the role of estrogen on its pathologies and risk factors.","authors":"Jenny Youn Namkoong, Kunal Minhas","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2023-0425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2023-0425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As our understanding of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has increased, we have been able to better delineate the unique pathologies that cause ACS. This review article on the common causes of ACS in females explores the atherosclerotic pathologies of plaque rupture and plaque erosion, and non-atherosclerotic pathologies of SCAD, MINOCA and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. It reviews the literature on the link between estrogen and its protection against both atherosclerotic risk factors and induction of plaque vulnerability. The mechanistic plausibility of estrogen causing higher risk in SCAD, MINOCA and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, the female-predominant non-atherosclerotic ACS presentations are also summarised. Whilst there is still much to be researched about these pathologies, an analysis of the biological impact of sex hormones at the molecular level has helped identify links between mechanisms suggesting a possible unifying pathology between plaque erosion, MINOCA and microvascular spasm. In this way, a new paradigm for ACS as an equilibrium between thrombus-stabilisation and thrombus-dissolution states is also explored in this article. What has become evident is that the attempt to understand the common causes of ACS in females has resulted also in a deeper understanding of atherosclerotic ACS in males, and highlighted areas of exciting further discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goran V Marijanovic, Aleksandra Z Stojanovic, Marina R Nikolic, Vladimir L J Jakovljevic, Tatjana V Vulovic
{"title":"Beneficial effects of the remifentanil/thiopental combination on cardiac function and redox status in diabetic rats.","authors":"Goran V Marijanovic, Aleksandra Z Stojanovic, Marina R Nikolic, Vladimir L J Jakovljevic, Tatjana V Vulovic","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0233","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the effect of thiopental monotherapy as well as its combination with different agents used in anesthesia induction, on cardiac function and redox state of rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A total of 40 <i>Wistar albino</i> male rats were used in this study and randomly divided into five groups: thiopental (TIO), fentanyl + thiopental (FEN + TIO), remifentanil + thiopental (REM + TIO), midazolam + thiopental (MID + TIO), and dexmedetomidine + thiopental (DEX + TIO). Animals were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopental 85 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.005 mg/kg, remifentanil 0.04 mg/kg, midazolam 2.5 mg/kg, and dexmedetomidine 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. Four weeks after T1DM induction, all animals were subjected to a short narcosis of tested anesthetic, sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the hearts were retrogradely perfused according to Langendorff technique. Our research demonstrated that most combined anesthetics negatively influenced cardiodynamic parameters and redox state in diabetic rats. However, significantly improved cardiac contractility associated with enhanced antioxidative capacity was achieved in the combination of TIO with REM, which distinguishes this anesthetic combination as the therapy with the most pronounced positive effect on cardiac function in state of T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunny Kahlon, Mary Sleet, Joseph Sujka, Salvatore Docimo, Christopher DuCoin, Francesca Dimou, Rahul Mhaskar
{"title":"Evaluating the concordance of ChatGPT and physician recommendations for bariatric surgery.","authors":"Sunny Kahlon, Mary Sleet, Joseph Sujka, Salvatore Docimo, Christopher DuCoin, Francesca Dimou, Rahul Mhaskar","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0026","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare prompts the need to measure its proficiency relative to human experts. This study evaluates the proficiency of ChatGPT, an OpenAI language model, in offering guidance concerning bariatric surgery compared to bariatric surgeons. Five clinical scenarios representative of diverse bariatric surgery situations were given to American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS)-accredited bariatric surgeons and ChatGPT. Both groups proposed medical or surgical management for the patients depicted in each scenario. The outcomes from both the surgeons and ChatGPT were examined and matched with the clinical benchmarks set by the ASMBS. There was a high degree of agreement between ChatGPT and physicians on the three simpler clinical scenarios. There was a positive correlation between physicians' and ChatGPT answers for not recommending surgery. ChatGPT's advice aligned with ASMBS guidelines 60% of the time, in contrast to bariatric surgeons, who consistently aligned with the guidelines 100% of the time. ChatGPT showcases potential in offering guidance on bariatric surgery, but it does not have the comprehensive and personalized perspective that doctors exhibit consistently. Enhancing AI's training on intricate patient situations will bolster its role in the medical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiru Han, Robert Morris, Kun Bu, Tianrui Zhu, Hong Huang, Feng Cheng
{"title":"Analysis of literature-derived duplicate records in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.","authors":"Weiru Han, Robert Morris, Kun Bu, Tianrui Zhu, Hong Huang, Feng Cheng","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0078","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is a large-scale repository of reports concerning adverse drug events (ADEs). The same published clinical study or report may be reviewed by multiple companies or healthcare professionals and reported separately to the FDA, leading to a significant presence of duplicate reports in FAERS. These duplicate records can result in the identification of false associations between a given drug and an ADE. In this study, we first assessed the consistency of drug and ADE information in FAERS reports from Alzheimer's disease patients. Our findings showed greater congruence in drug-related information compared to ADE-related information, likely due to the greater heterogeneity and variety of terms or phrases used to describe ADEs. We then demonstrated that text comparison methods are effective in identifying duplicate records based on literature citations, testing 10 different comparison functions for their overall efficacy. Token-based methods (such as COSINE, QGRAM, and JACCARD), edit-based approaches (including OSA, LV, and DL), and sequence-based techniques like LCS have proven highly effective in accurately detecting identical publications within free text, demonstrating both high sensitivity and specificity. These results offer valuable insights for identifying duplicate FAERS reports and improving the reliability of detected associations between drugs and ADEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"56-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josephine E Hees, William J Cleveland, Claudius Balzer, Matthias L Riess
{"title":"Inhaled argon dilates pulmonary vasculature in rat isolated lungs.","authors":"Josephine E Hees, William J Cleveland, Claudius Balzer, Matthias L Riess","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0135","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, pulmonary vasoconstriction due to hypoxia and hypercarbia restricts blood flow from the right to the left heart, resulting in reduced cardiac output that further inhibits adequate oxygenation and the ability to distribute oxygenated blood and medications. An inhaled pulmonary vasodilator could attenuate vasoconstriction and, therefore, increase cardiac output. We used rat isolated lungs to test if inhaled Argon leads to pulmonary vasodilation in phenylephrine-treated lungs. Lungs of 13 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, ventilated, and perfused. Pulmonary artery and left atrium were cannulated and lungs perfused at constant flow with 4% albumin physiological saline solution. Controls (<i>n</i> = 6) were ventilated with 65% N<sub>2</sub>, 5% CO<sub>2</sub>, 30% O<sub>2</sub>, and Argon lungs (<i>n</i> = 7) with 65% Argon, 5% CO<sub>2</sub>, and 30% O<sub>2</sub>. Pulmonary mean arterial pressure (pMAP) and airway pressure (AWP) were recorded continuously, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated. Following baseline readings, phenylephrine, a pulmonary vasoconstrictor, was perfused at increasing concentrations from 10<sup>-7</sup> to 10<sup>-3</sup> mol/L every 5 min. Statistics: Student's <i>t</i> test, α = 0.05. Argon led to significantly lower pMAPs and PVRs, independent of AWP. Thus, it significantly dilated pre-constricted pulmonary vessels in an ex vivo lung model. When given during resuscitation, this might aid to increase cardiac output.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Note of appreciation.","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2024-0379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":"103 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacological interactions of jadomycin B with topoisomerase poisons in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.","authors":"Brendan T McKeown, Kerry B Goralski","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0232","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jadomycin B, a natural product isolated from <i>Streptomyces venezuelae</i>, exerts an anti-cancer effect on human triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro and has anti-tumoral effects in vivo in animal models of breast cancer. One proposed mechanism for this anti-cancer effect is through interaction with topoisomerase 2 (TOP2). Based on the previously described interactions between jadomycin B and TOP2 we hypothesized that jadomycin B will act additively with TOP2 poisons and produce a similar functional outcome in eliciting cell cycle arrest. Combined treatments of jadomycin B and the TOP2 poisons doxorubicin or mitoxantrone produced moderately synergistic to additive cytotoxicity (combination index values ranging from 0.72-0.94) in MDA-MB-231 cells. In comparison, combined mitoxantrone and doxorubicin produced additive cytotoxicity (combination index values 0.96-1.11). Jadomycin B combined with the proteosome inhibitor MG132 had additive cytotoxicity (combination index values 0.76-1.18). In contrast, mitoxantrone or doxorubicin cytotoxicity was antagonized by MG132 (combination index values 1.21-2.31). Jadomycin B treatment arrested cells in S-phase (<i>P</i> = 0.0024) as opposed to mitoxantrone which caused G<sub>2</sub>/M-phase arrest (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). In conclusion, jadomycin B interacts differently than known TOP2 poisons in combination, supporting a novel pharmacological mechanism(s) of action for jadomycin B cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The airway smooth muscle and the pipe dream of better bronchodilators.","authors":"Ynuk Bossé","doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0277","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjpp-2024-0277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on airway smooth muscle has traditionally focused on its putative detrimental role in asthma, emphasizing on how its shortening narrows the airway lumen, without much consideration about its potential role in subserving the function of the entire respiratory system. New experimental evidence on mice suggests that not only the smooth muscle is required to sustain life postnatally, but its stiffening effect on the lung tissue also protects against excessive airway narrowing and, most importantly, against small airway narrowing heterogeneity and closure. These results suggest that the smooth muscle plays an vital role in the lung periphery, essentially safeguarding alveolar ventilation by preventing small airway closure. These results also shed light on perplexing clinical observations, such as the long-standing doubts about the safety of bronchodilators. Since there seems to be an optimal level of smooth muscle contraction, at least in small airways, the therapeutic goal of maximizing the relaxation of the smooth muscle in asthma needs to be revisited. A bronchodilator with an excessive potency for inhibiting smooth muscle contraction, and that is still potent at concentrations reaching the lung periphery, may foster airway closure and air trapping, resulting in no net gain or even a decline in lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9520,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}