{"title":"From Sustainable Practices to SME Resilience: An Integrative, Systems‐Based Review With Propositions","authors":"Pongsakorn Nongnuch, Trin Thananusak, Prattana Punnakitikashem","doi":"10.1002/bse.71609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71609","url":null,"abstract":"This integrative review examines how sustainable practices foster organizational resilience in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), supporting long‐term sustainable development. Existing resilience models often overlook SMEs' distinctive challenges—limited resources and managerial short‐termism—whereas research linking day‐to‐day sustainable practices to resilience remains limited. To address this gap, the study develops a systems‐based model of sustainability‐driven SME resilience that incorporates motivational “drivers” and contextual “enablers,” extending existing resilience frameworks to better fit the SME‐specific context by addressing the liability of smallness and short‐termism. Drawing on a systematic search of 511 Scopus‐indexed documents and applying general systems theory (GST), the analysis identifies key corporate sustainability practices (e.g., geo‐social development, resilience development, and knowledge sharing) that strengthen SMEs' capacities for anticipation, coping, and adaptation. The resulting conceptual model and 11 testable propositions advance theory by specifying mechanisms, boundary conditions, and observable implications for resource‐constrained SMEs, while offering practical guidance for managers and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadeel Abualinin, Vera Ferrón Vílchez, Mohammad Khalil
{"title":"Do You Feel Like a Greenwasher? Analysing Environmental Management Practices Under Perceived Greenwashing by Managers","authors":"Hadeel Abualinin, Vera Ferrón Vílchez, Mohammad Khalil","doi":"10.1002/bse.71617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71617","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, escalating societal expectations for corporate environmental responsibility have intensified the scrutiny of sustainability initiatives. Consequently, organisations have adopted diverse environmental management practices (EMPs) to signal environmental commitment and bolster their sustainability profiles. However, this study reveals that a notable share of managers perceive their own firms' environmental actions as greenwashing, reflecting internal scepticism regarding the authenticity of such practices. Using survey data from 174 Spanish managers, this research examines the influence of various EMPs on perceived greenwashing by managers. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the findings reveal that EMPs—encompassing both internal‐oriented (e.g., operational practices, eco‐innovation and clean energy) and external‐oriented practices (e.g., environmental reporting and product certifications)—are not significantly associated with perceived greenwashing by managers. Notably, our findings show that supply chain practices—particularly suppliers' public commitment to environmental criteria and supplier certifications—were significantly associated with lower perceived greenwashing, contradicting theoretical expectations that external‐oriented practices would increase such perceptions. Overall, these results indicate that widely adopted EMPs do not systematically shape internal perceptions of authenticity, highlighting a disconnect between practice adoption and internal authenticity perceptions. While EMPs exhibit limited effects, the supply chain model provides somewhat more interpretable insights, as it yields one statistically significant and theoretically informative relationship, particularly regarding supplier certifications. By focusing on managerial perceptions, this study offers a novel perspective on corporate greenwashing and underscores the importance of authentically integrating EMPs to strengthen organisational credibility and advance sustainability.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez, Salvador Marín‐Hernández, Esther Ortiz‐Martínez, Beatriz Aibar‐Guzmán
{"title":"Climate Change Disclosure and Sustainability Awards: Does Assurance Add Value? Evidence From the European Context","authors":"Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez, Salvador Marín‐Hernández, Esther Ortiz‐Martínez, Beatriz Aibar‐Guzmán","doi":"10.1002/bse.71606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71606","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability awards have become an increasingly visible mechanism for recognising firms' environmental and social performance. This paper examines the individual and combined effects of climate change disclosure and the external assurance of sustainability reports on firms' likelihood of receiving awards for sustainability performance. Using a sample of 600 European companies for the period 2015–2022, we estimate linear and logistic regression models with both fixed and random effects. The findings show that sustainability assurance significantly enhances the comprehensiveness of climate change disclosure. Both climate disclosure and independent assurance increase the probability of winning sustainability awards. Moreover, assurance strengthens the signalling value of climate disclosure, thereby further increasing the likelihood of award recognition. However, the characteristics of the assurance provider do not influence these effects, although assurance tenure positively affects the probability of receiving sustainability awards. Robustness checks corroborate the stability of the results under different methodological specifications.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabia Salman, Rana Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Salman Shabbir
{"title":"Invisible Scaling and Resource Efficiency: Decoupling Market Reach From Organizational Growth in Digital Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"Rabia Salman, Rana Mohsin Ali, Muhammad Salman Shabbir","doi":"10.1002/bse.71624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71624","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces invisible scaling, a digitally mediated growth configuration in which entrepreneurial firms expand market reach without proportionate growth in internal employment and organizational infrastructure. Using an exploratory secondary‐data design, it examines 24 purposively selected digital SMEs across four countries and sectors. The analysis identifies variation in reach‐size decoupling and suggests two preliminary configurations: platform‐automated firms relying mainly on digital infrastructure and algorithmic market access, and partner‐orchestrated firms coordinating broader networks of external providers. An organizational decoupling index provides a preliminary representation of market reach relative to internal employment, although the study does not establish causality or the prevalence of the phenomenon. The findings distinguish invisible scaling from its possible mechanisms and show why organizational leanness should not be treated as environmental performance. As energy use, emissions, materials, logistics, and external labor are not measured directly, the environmental implications remain exploratory and concern the appropriate boundary of assessment.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henar Alcalde‐Heras, Valery Chistov, Sofía García Torres, Edurne Iñigo Alday, Francisco Carrillo‐Carrillo
{"title":"Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities for Eco‐Innovation in SMEs: Evidence From Industrial Case Studies","authors":"Henar Alcalde‐Heras, Valery Chistov, Sofía García Torres, Edurne Iñigo Alday, Francisco Carrillo‐Carrillo","doi":"10.1002/bse.71602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71602","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the microfoundations, that is, skills, processes, structures and decision rules that underlie the dynamic capabilities enabling SMEs to achieve sustained eco‐innovation performance. Building on dynamic capabilities framework, we adapt it to the SME context to explain how firms sense opportunities and threats, seize them and maintain competitiveness by reconfiguring tangible and intangible assets. Using an inductive and abductive design grounded in five in‐depth case studies of industrial SMEs in water technology, urban manufacturing and technical apparel in the Basque Country, we develop a framework capturing how eco‐innovation emerges from organisational innovation. The analysis reveals how dynamic capabilities are anchored in the orchestration of microfoundations across multiple organisational dimensions, including leadership, strategic intent, people management, business practices and external relations. By extending Teece's model to the SME context, we offer contextualised, transferable insights for companies operating under similar conditions, along with practical pathways to strengthen their eco‐innovation capacity. The framework also informs policymakers designing targeted support measures for industrial SMEs operating in comparable regional ecosystems, encouraging more adaptive, collaborative and scalable sustainability transitions.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financial Market Effectiveness of Sustainability Initiatives in Green Bond Markets: Evidence Synthesis and Research Framework","authors":"Fabian Leonardo Romeo, Florian Follert, Matthias Spörrle","doi":"10.1002/bse.71596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71596","url":null,"abstract":"This research synthesizes prior evidence on the effectiveness of financial market sustainability initiatives (FMSIs) in green bond markets. Our analysis of 45 peer‐reviewed studies, including 42 quantitative empirical studies with 169 codable FMSI–outcome relationships, shows that FMSIs are most consistently associated with favorable financial market outcomes when they improve credibility, comparability, or interpretability of green bond information. Pricing evidence differs between primary and secondary markets. Across both segments, greenness assurance provides the broadest pricing evidence base, whereas regulation and policy show the most favorable evidence balance on a narrower base. Outside pricing, evidence remains limited for issuer behavior, relative green allocation, and environmental attribution. We propose a life cycle–based research framework linking information and agency problems to five stages of the green bond process and identify future research directions concerning FMSI interactions, institutional conditions, and participation costs. Our findings provide design implications for issuers, investors, regulators, and information intermediaries.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javier Martínez‐Falcó, Eduardo Sánchez‐García, Bartolomé Marco‐Lajara, Nicolás Depetris‐Chauvin
{"title":"Translating Green Intellectual Capital Into Green Business Strategy: Exploring the Roles of Sustainable Supply Chain Flexibility and Green Organizational Identity","authors":"Javier Martínez‐Falcó, Eduardo Sánchez‐García, Bartolomé Marco‐Lajara, Nicolás Depetris‐Chauvin","doi":"10.1002/bse.71595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71595","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how green intellectual capital (GIC) drives the development of green business strategy (GBS) in the wine industry by examining the mediating roles of sustainable supply chain flexibility (SSCF) and green organizational identity (GOI). Drawing on the intellectual capital–based view (ICBV) and the natural resource–based view (NRBV), a mediation model is estimated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and complemented with importance–performance map analysis (IPMA). The empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 201 Spanish wineries between September 2025 and February 2026. The findings reveal that GIC exerts a positive and significant direct impact on GBS, while also strongly influencing SSCF and GOI. In turn, both SSCF and GOI positively affect GBS and mediate the relationship between GIC and GBS, confirming their role as key organizational mechanisms through which environmental knowledge is translated into strategic action. The IPMA further shows that indicators associated with GIC and GOI exhibit the highest levels of importance in explaining GBS, whereas SSCF indicators, despite moderate performance, play a comparatively less influential role. This study makes three main contributions. First, it advances the literature by conceptualizing GBS as a primary strategic outcome of GIC. Second, it provides an integrated framework that explains how environmental knowledge is operationalized through supply chain flexibility and organizational identity. Third, it offers empirical evidence from the wine industry, emphasizing the importance of aligning intangible resources, organizational values, and operational capabilities to strengthen sustainability‐oriented strategies.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Diversity, Sustainable Investment, and Corporate Environmental Performance: A Systematic Review of Investor‐Level and Firm‐Level ESG Mechanisms","authors":"Jaypee Sumaljag Yongco","doi":"10.1002/bse.71598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71598","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing has grown substantially over the past decade, yet the gender dimensions of this transformation remain fragmented across two largely siloed research streams. This systematic literature review applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 protocol to synthesize empirical evidence on (a) gender differences in individual investor ESG preferences and (b) the influence of board gender diversity on firm level ESG performance. A search of Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 895 records published between 2015 and first quarter 2026, of which 88 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings reveal that women investors exhibit stronger prosocial investment preferences mediated by ethical sensitivity, social role internalization, and lower tolerance for ESG controversies. At the firm level, board gender diversity correlates positively with ESG disclosure quality and environmental performance, with effects strengthening above the critical mass threshold of three or more women directors. Quasi‐experimental evidence from European board gender quotas suggests causal spillovers from board composition to environmental and social outcomes, although near‐term firm valuation effects remain contested. Convergence between the demand‐side and supply‐side channels is most evident at the disclosure margin and weakest at the financial returns margin. Methodological tensions involve ESG rating divergence, endogeneity of board selection, and underrepresentation of emerging market evidence from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The review contributes a dual‐channel conceptual framework integrating demand and supply mechanisms, identifies seven priority directions for future research, and offers practical implications for asset managers, board nomination committees, and regulators implementing the European Union Women on Boards Directive 2022/2381.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Does SDG Adoption Increase ESG Risk? The Mediating Role of Risk Management","authors":"Francisco J. López‐Arceiz, Cristina Del Río","doi":"10.1002/bse.71572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71572","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate engagement with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has expanded rapidly, yet its implications for firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) risk remain insufficiently understood. Prior research has focused on the performance outcomes of SDG adoption while largely overlooking its potential to generate ESG risk. This study addresses this gap by analysing the relationship between SDG‐aligned ESG practices and ESG risk through the lens of legitimacy theory. We distinguish between symbolic and substantive alignment and test whether ESG risk management mediates this relationship. Using a panel of 1589 firms, we examine the circumstances in which SDG adoption can generate ESG risk. Our findings suggest that SDG‐aligned practices can increase ESG risk when they are not supported by effective risk management, whereas substantive SDG alignment embedded in robust ESG risk management mitigates ESG risk. These findings provide insights for managers, investors and regulators seeking to develop credible sustainability strategies.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Farm to Global Markets: Enhancing Rural Livelihoods Through Sustainable Superfood Supply Chains","authors":"Rahul Priyadarshi, C.V. Sunil Kumar, Vandana Vandana","doi":"10.1002/bse.71591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.71591","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the cultivation and distribution business strategies of rural superfoods aimed at sustainable development. Superfoods have the potential to sustainably improve rural livelihoods, promote healthy consumption and enable integration into global markets as health consciousness rises. Accordingly, the study has explored the Sustainable Business Development Factors (SBDFs) that could contribute to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including poverty alleviation (SDG 1), health awareness and sustainable wellness (SDG 3), business modernization and structural development (SDG 9), sustainable harvesting and dietary habits (SDG 12) and collaboration for collective success (SDG 17). The research uses Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Pareto analysis, and Fuzzy DEMATEL to identify, rank and analyse causal relationships among the SBDFs. Analysis shows that social motivation, sustainability‐driven behaviours and government support lead to success. The prominent causal SBDFs identified were local and regional food systems, rural development and infrastructure, information governance and digital infrastructure and institutional support and capacity building. They influence social responsibility and ethical standards, supply chain transparency and traceability, sustainable packaging and transportation, health and safety standards and carbon footprint reduction. This analysis enables superfoods to integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) sustainability, providing smallholders with actionable knowledge to develop sustainable, digitally enabled business models.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}