{"title":"Aligning Pay With Purpose: ESG‐Linked Compensation and ESG Decoupling","authors":"Yasser Eliwa, Ahmed Saleh, Ahmed Hassan Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/bse.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70258","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between ESG‐linked executive compensation and ESG decoupling and examines the moderating role of CSR committees in this association. Using a global dataset of 36,055 firm‐year observations across 40 countries and 32 industries from 2005 to 2023, we find that ESG‐linked executive compensation is associated with a significant reduction in ESG decoupling, thereby strengthening the alignment between ESG disclosure and actual practices. The presence of a CSR committee further enhances this effect, with the interaction between ESG‐linked compensation and CSR committees leading to a more pronounced reduction in decoupling. Robustness tests using propensity score matching, instrumental variable 2SLS estimation and contextual analyses confirm the validity of our findings. Additional evidence distinguishes between greenwashing and brownwashing, showing that ESG‐linked pay mitigates overstatement of disclosure (greenwashing) but may incentivise understatement of disclosure (brownwashing). These results highlight the importance of adopting integrated governance mechanisms to mitigate symbolic compliance and enhance the credibility of ESG disclosure. The study offers important implications for corporate governance and sustainability, emphasising the need for policymakers and firms to strengthen the alignment of ESG incentives with accountability.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulio Paolo Agnusdei, Stefano Abbate, Pasquale del Vecchio, Pier Paolo Miglietta
{"title":"Unveiling Circular Ecosystems in the Wine Sector: A Design Science Application","authors":"Giulio Paolo Agnusdei, Stefano Abbate, Pasquale del Vecchio, Pier Paolo Miglietta","doi":"10.1002/bse.70257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70257","url":null,"abstract":"The wine industry generates a substantial number of by‐products, particularly grape pomace and wine lees, which are often discarded or underutilized, raising significant environmental concerns. However, these by‐products are rich in valuable compounds for various industrial applications such as supplements, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. This article presents a design‐based model for implementing a Circular Agricultural District (CAD), enabling the traceable valorization of winery by‐products. Grounded in the Design Science Research methodology, the model combines digital tools, cooperative governance, and circular business mechanisms. A proof of concept was tested at a Southern Italian winery, demonstrating its ability to coordinate local stakeholders, foster new value chains, and redistribute economic benefits. The CAD model helps reduce waste, encourages collaboration, and supports the local circular economy, providing practical tools for policymakers and stakeholders seeking systemic change in agri‐food governance.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering Motivation for Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Fashion, Beauty, and Wellness: Evidence From Global North and Global South","authors":"Ekaterina Ivanova, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Marina Klevtsova, Yuriy Timofeyev","doi":"10.1002/bse.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70263","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in driving sustainable development, yet the motivation behind entrepreneurs' decisions to engage in sustainable businesses remains understudied. This research aims to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurs' motivation to engage in sustainable business in the fashion, beauty, and wellness industries. Employing a qualitative thematic content analysis of sustainable entrepreneurship cases published on the AIM2Flourish platform, the study reveals distinct patterns across different socioeconomic contexts. In “rising” economies, motivation for sustainable entrepreneurship is rooted in appreciative compassion, while developed countries show a greater emphasis on conscious guilt. Notably, the study demonstrates that the factors influencing entrepreneurs' motivation for sustainable businesses in developed countries are more complex and inside‐out oriented, while those in rising economies are more homogeneous and directed outside‐in. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship drivers across varying cultural landscapes. The results offer valuable context‐specific insights for policymakers and educators seeking to foster sustainable business practices.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baoying Zhu, Dominika Brozkova, Tarlan Ahmadov, Susanne Durst, Viktor Prokop
{"title":"One Size Still Does Not Fit All: Configuration Pathways of Environmental, Social, and Governance and Board Diversities for Higher Firm Performances Across One‐ and Two‐Tier Systems","authors":"Baoying Zhu, Dominika Brozkova, Tarlan Ahmadov, Susanne Durst, Viktor Prokop","doi":"10.1002/bse.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70250","url":null,"abstract":"There is an ongoing, albeit uncertain, debate among stakeholders regarding the benefits of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, reflected in mixed empirical findings on its impact on firm performance. In addition to this reporting, diversity (gender and cultural) on boards, which is strongly promoted at the EU level, has gained increasing importance. However, prior research offers inconsistent results and leaves significant shortcomings regarding how the interaction of this diversity with the ESG pillars affects firm performance across governance structures. This study employs a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis and Refinitiv Eikon data of 554 European Union companies from 2023 to examine configuration pathways that combine gender and cultural diversity with ESG pillars, thus influencing firm performance across different governance forms. Drawing on Upper Echelons and Contingency Theories—enhanced by insights from Resource Dependence and Social Identity Theory lenses—we show that configurations combining gender and cultural diversity with the social pillar of ESG are linked to higher performance within one‐tier firms. In two‐tier firms, this higher performance is driven by environmental and social ESG pillars combined with cultural diversity. Recognizing that there is no single governance structure in the ESG and diversity context, we offer practitioners guidance on aligning ESG and diversity strategies with their governance architectures, developing governance‐sensitive policies, increasing transparency in diversity integration, promoting ESG competency training, and providing targeted incentives.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serdar Ongan, Cem Işık, Rahman Aydın, İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, Rafael Alvarado, Munir Ahmad
{"title":"Measuring Sustainability Under Uncertainty: Introducing Net ESG (N‐ESG) Performance","authors":"Serdar Ongan, Cem Işık, Rahman Aydın, İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, Rafael Alvarado, Munir Ahmad","doi":"10.1002/bse.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70246","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the reliability of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores in uncertain environments by introducing a new indicator, Net ESG (N‐ESG), for the first time. This new index was calculated by subtracting a new ESG‐based sustainability uncertainty index (ESGUI) from ESG scores. This study employed Pedroni (2004) and Westerlund (2007) tests, as well as the DOLS method, for 12 developed countries from 2002 to 2020. It analyzed the impact of economic, geopolitical, climate, and energy price‐related uncertainties on both ESG and N‐ESG through eight different models. Empirical findings indicate that a 1% change in CPU, GPR, EPU, and OPU indices increases ESG by 0.048, 0.355, 0.111, and 0.044 units, respectively, while the same rate of change decreases N‐ESG by −6.501, −18.756, −8.972, and −8.193 units, respectively. These results can be interpreted as ESG scores may not fully reflect the “true” performance of companies in times of uncertainty, while N‐ESG provides a more accurate representation of sustainability practices. These results suggest that policymakers should focus their sustainability policies not only on increasing ESG scores but also on preserving the true value of ESG by reducing uncertainty effects.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tantawy Moussa, Natalia Krasnikova, Maria Postoyeva, Amira Hawas, Akrum Helfaya
{"title":"Sustainability Performance, Cost of Debt, and Institutional Environment Quality: Global Evidence From the Hospitality and Tourism Industry","authors":"Tantawy Moussa, Natalia Krasnikova, Maria Postoyeva, Amira Hawas, Akrum Helfaya","doi":"10.1002/bse.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70230","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how sustainability performance affects the cost of debt financing in the hospitality and tourism industry and whether institutional environment quality moderates this relationship. Using a dataset of 2302 firm‐year observations from 34 countries between 2010 and 2022, the results show that sustainability performance is negatively associated with the cost of debt financing, indicating that sustainability initiatives reduce lender‐perceived risk. Notably, institutional environment quality strengthens this relationship, as countries with stronger governance frameworks and regulatory enforcement enable lenders to reward sustainability commitments more effectively. However, the association weakened during the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting how systemic uncertainty altered lender risk perceptions and curtailed the financial benefits of sustainability practices. The findings remain robust across alternative measures, different model specifications, and controls for endogeneity. The findings provide new cross‐country evidence on how firm‐level sustainability initiatives interact with institutional contexts to shape debt financing costs in the hospitality and tourism industry. This study extends neo‐institutional and stakeholder theories by demonstrating how sustainability practices and national governance jointly influence the cost of debt. It also offers critical insights for managers, lenders, and policymakers seeking to align sustainability strategies with financial resilience.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim A. Alkhataybeh, Wael Hadid, Lei Chen, Akrum Helfaya
{"title":"Sustainability Reporting and External Assurance: Evidence From UK Listed Firms","authors":"Ibrahim A. Alkhataybeh, Wael Hadid, Lei Chen, Akrum Helfaya","doi":"10.1002/bse.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops and tests a model explaining why some companies obtain external assurance for their sustainability reports while others do not. Our model integrates rational choice and stakeholder theories, providing novel insights into the sustainability assurance literature. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 105 UK listed companies, and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was employed to test the proposed model. We found that decision makers' perceived benefits of external assurance exert a direct positive effect, while perceived costs have a direct negative effect. Indirectly, external assurer independence and market competition positively influence the decision through perceived benefits, whereas adherence to sustainability reporting guidelines has an indirect negative effect. Additionally, institutional investors exert a direct positive impact on the decision to obtain assurance. Interestingly, when institutional investors demand external assurance, the influence of decision makers' perceptions of benefits and costs appears to diminish. These findings advance understanding of the interplay between rational choice and stakeholder theories in shaping decisions to obtain sustainability assurance. The study also carries practical implications for academics, business decision makers, external sustainability assurance providers and policymakers involved in the governance and oversight of sustainability reporting.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fatal Flaw: Unraveling Combinations of Barriers to Corporate Sustainability","authors":"Patricia Milić, Mitja Hafner‐Fink, Tomaž Čater","doi":"10.1002/bse.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70225","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deepens understanding of barriers to corporate sustainability by examining internal and external barriers in the food and beverage sector. Drawing on institutional theory, the study highlights how macro‐level pressures interact with meso‐level organizational dynamics. Using data from a questionnaire and analyzed via fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, the exploration of internal barriers reveals that the combination of insufficient top management motivation, a lack of employee competencies, and misalignment with organizational culture is a critical obstacle to effective strategy implementation. Moreover, the interplay of internal and external barriers, such as weak market demand, limited technological solutions, and inadequate financing, poses considerable challenges to sustainability performance. The study reveals that these barriers stem from conflicting institutional logics across organizational and field levels, with the logic of sustainable development often lacking dominance. The study emphasizes the configurational nature of barriers and the importance of systemic, cross‐level alignment to enable sustainability transformation.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Credit Risk, Climate Change and Bank Performance: Evidence From a Global Panel of Banks","authors":"Kenza Mouti, Erhan Kilincarslan, Jiafan Li","doi":"10.1002/bse.70259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70259","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of environmental credit risk on bank financial performance, with a particular focus on the moderating role of country‐level climate risk. Using a global panel of 345 listed banks across 75 countries from 2018 to 2022, we measure environmental credit risk through Fitch Ratings' Environmental Relevance Scores. The results show that greater exposure to environmental credit risk, arising from both borrower‐level vulnerabilities and banks' own ESG profiles, is associated with lower profitability, reduced solvency and diminished market valuation. Interestingly, this negative relationship is partially mitigated in countries with higher climate risk, suggesting that institutional awareness and environmental governance can buffer adverse financial outcomes. These findings are robust across alternative performance metrics, identification strategies and estimation techniques. The study offers practical implications for bank risk management, investor ESG strategies and policymaking at the intersection of environmental, climate and financial systems.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Sustainability Reporting, Impression Management and Board Gender Diversity: Evidence From Luxury Fashion Industry","authors":"Christina Ionela Neokleous, Mahmoud Elmarzouky","doi":"10.1002/bse.70253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70253","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to examine the impression management (IM) of the luxury fashion industry through communications using annual reports and the influence of board gender diversity (BGD). Using a computational approach with Python and Natural Language Processing on sustainability practices and performance of 19 luxury fashion companies from Top 100 global luxury brands over the period 2020 to 2022, it evaluates sustainability dimensions and the BGD's influence on IM practices. The findings reveal a notable increase in IM disclosure over the years and highlight a positive association between IM and sustainability disclosures, illustrating the use of disclosure language strategically to enhance corporate sustainability and reputation. They uncover that the boards with a higher proportion of female directors are positively associated with IM practices. This study contributes to the understanding of IM strategies in sustainability disclosure within the luxury fashion industry and underlines the crucial role of female directors in fostering ethics.","PeriodicalId":9518,"journal":{"name":"Business Strategy and The Environment","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}