Cardiovascular Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Interplay of atherosclerosis and medial degeneration in human ascending aorta","authors":"Aaron Huhta ,&nbsp;Timo Paavonen ,&nbsp;Ari Mennander ,&nbsp;Ivana Kholová","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The previous understanding has been that atherosclerosis tends to increase distally from the ascending aorta, but recent studies and practical experience have indicated that atherosclerosis occurs in the ascending aorta more than previously thought. Medial degeneration is linked to aortic aneurysms, dissection and dilatation and has been related to increased mortality. There is a lack of data on the coexistence of atherosclerosis and medial degeneration in the ascending aorta and its outcome to clinical morbidity and mortality. Earlier studies have shown coexisting atherosclerosis and medial degeneration as significant risk indicators for coronary and cerebrovascular events. We aimed to analyze aortic specimens classified according to the consensus documents of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology particularly the comparison of variable morphological features with the atherosclerotic grade to gain more data about the coexistence of atherosclerosis and medial degeneration. We evaluated 217 specimens of human ascending aorta resected at Tampere University Heart Hospital because of aortic aneurysm, dissection or dilatation. None of the samples contained normal aortic morphology; atherosclerosis was found in a total of 75.8 % of the samples and medial degeneration in all the samples. The present study is mostly in agreement with earlier research regarding the prevalence of different histological findings, even though a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis was found compared with most studies. There was no statistically significant association between atherosclerosis and medial degeneration, but a higher atherosclerotic grade was significantly associated with the presence of smooth muscle cell nuclei loss, smooth muscle cell disorganisation, elastic fibre thinning and medial fibrosis. Our study reinforces the perception that atherosclerotic lesions significantly occur in the ascending aorta and coexist with individual components of the medial degeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden cardiac death caused by Kawasaki coronary artery vasculitis in a child with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Case report and literature review","authors":"Cecilia Salzillo ,&nbsp;Monica De Gaspari ,&nbsp;Cristina Basso ,&nbsp;Mariantonietta Francavilla ,&nbsp;Francesco De Leonardis ,&nbsp;Andrea Marzullo","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery vasculitis is a rare pathological condition and is often a manifestation of systemic vasculitis, such as Polyarteritis Nodosa, Kawasaki Disease, Takayasu Arteritis, and Giant Cell Arteritis, with Kawasaki Disease being the most common cause in children.</div><div>We present the autopsy case of a 6-year-old boy with classic Hodgkin lymphoma who died of sudden cardiac death due to thrombosis caused by vasculitis, which exclusively affected the coronary arteries and was suggestive of Kawasaki Disease.</div><div>To further investigate the histological features of Kawasaki Disease across all age groups, we conducted a literature review using the search terms “Kawasaki AND vasculitis AND histopathology” and “Kawasaki vasculitis histopathology” in Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed, covering the period from 1967 to 2023.</div><div>The inclusion criteria were as follows: coronary histology (inflammation and/or aneurysm and/or thrombosis), postmortem studies, English language, free articles, all age groups, case reports, and case series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking vascular vitality: Exploring the impact of LIMA harvesting technique on endothelial health","authors":"Serkan Mola ,&nbsp;Alp Yıldırım ,&nbsp;Nilüfer Onak Kandemir ,&nbsp;Gökay Deniz ,&nbsp;Enis Burak Gül ,&nbsp;Ertekin Utku Ünal","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigates the impact of different harvesting techniques on the morphology and endothelial function of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-three patients undergoing elective CABG were randomly assigned to two groups based on the harvesting technique: traditional clipping and nonclipping. Histological analyses revealed that arteries in the nonclipped group exhibited greater dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nonclipped group exhibited greater arterial dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the clipped group. Immunostaining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) showed significantly higher expression in the nonclipped group, conversly COX-2 staining showed fewer expression in the nonclipped group indicating better endothelial function preservation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that maintaining perfusion during LIMA harvesting may improve endothelial function and potentially enhance graft patency in the long term. Further research is warranted to validate these results and optimize harvesting techniques for CABG procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden infant death syndrome “Gray Zone” in newborn with pneumonia","authors":"Tobia Tomasello ,&nbsp;Beatrice Paradiso ,&nbsp;Tommaso Rizzuti ,&nbsp;Alessandro Del Gobbo ,&nbsp;Lorenza Pugni ,&nbsp;Giulia Ottaviani","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) “gray zone” or borderline cases are those in which it is challenging to define whether the pathological findings are sufficiently severe to lead to death. We report a case of a 17-day old male newborn who came to our attention for unexplained death. A complete autopsy was performed, including close examination of the cardiac conduction system. Lungs presented diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial inflammation, the cardiac conduction system showed fetal dispersion, resorptive degeneration, junctional tissue islands and cartilaginous hypermetaplasia of the central fibrous body. The final cause of death was a “gray zone” SIDS. This case report will highlight the intersection of SIDS and pneumonia in newborns, exploring the challenges and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of this complex condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVER 3: Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1054-8807(24)00092-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1054-8807(24)00092-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 107696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054880724000929/pdfft?md5=996b192e13ec7f524b13e94e46520691&pid=1-s2.0-S1054880724000929-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVER 4: Table of Contents/Barcode PMS 200","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1054-8807(24)00093-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1054-8807(24)00093-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 107697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054880724000930/pdfft?md5=7cf33c685dd6b1797187962d0ade806a&pid=1-s2.0-S1054880724000930-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin transporter deficiency in mice results in an increased susceptibility to HTR2B-dependent pro-fibrotic mechanisms in the cardiac valves and left ventricular myocardium","authors":"Estibaliz Castillero ,&nbsp;Chiara Camillo ,&nbsp;Dov Levine ,&nbsp;Alex M. D'Angelo ,&nbsp;Yaagnik Kosuri ,&nbsp;Juan B. Grau ,&nbsp;Robert J. Levy ,&nbsp;Giovanni Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased serotonin (5HT) concentration and signaling, can lead to pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves. We previously showed that a reduction of the 5HT transporter (SERT) expression in the mitral valve (MV) contributes to the progression of degenerative MV regurgitation (MR). We sought to investigate the myocardial and valvular phenotype of SERT^-/- mice in order to identify remodeling mechanisms specific to the MV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Using 8- and 16-week-old WT and SERT^-/- mice we show that male and female animals deficient of SERT have pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves, myocardial fibrosis, diminished ejection fraction and altered left ventricular dimensions. In the MV and intervalvular area of the aortic valve (AV)-MV, gene expression, including Col1a1 mRNA, was progressively altered with age up until 16 weeks of age. In contrast, in the AV and myocardium, most gene expression changes occurred earlier and plateaued by 8 weeks. To explore basal differences in susceptibility to remodeling stimuli among cardiac valves, valve interstitial cells (VIC) were isolated from AV, MV, tricuspid valve (TV), pulmonary valve (PV) and fibroblasts (Fb) from the myocardial apex from 16 weeks old wild type (WT) mice. After 24h stimulation with 10 µM of 5HT, the gene expression of Col1a1 and Acta2 were upregulated in MVIC to a higher degree than in VIC from other valves and Fb. Treatment with TGFβ1 similarly upregulated Cola1 and Acta2 in MVIC and AVIC, while the increase was milder in right heart VIC and Fb. Experiments were also carried out with human VIC. In comparison to mice, human left heart VIC were more sensitive to 5HT and TGFβ1, upregulating COL1A1 and ACTA2; TGFβ1 upregulated HTR2B expression in all VIC. Our results support the hypothesis that a deleterious cardiac effect of SERT downregulation may be mediated by increased susceptibility to HTR2B-dependent pro-fibrotic mechanisms, which are distinct among VIC populations and cardiac fibroblasts, regardless of SERT activity. Given that HTR2B mechanisms involved in VIC and myocardial remodeling response are due to both 5HT and also to downstream related TGFβ1 and TNFα activity, targeting HTR2B could be a therapeutic strategy for dual treatment of MR and LV remodeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy in myocardial ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion","authors":"Aleksandra Aljakna Khan ,&nbsp;Sara Sabatasso","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to loss of viable heart tissue. The best way to treat acute MI and limit the infarct size is to re-open the occluded coronary artery and restore the supply of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood, but reperfusion can cause additional damage. Autophagy is an intracellular process that recycles damaged cytoplasmic components (molecules and organelles) by loading them into autophagosomes and degrading them in autolysosomes. Autophagy is increased in <em>in vivo</em> animal models of permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion but by different molecular mechanisms. While autophagy is protective during permanent ischemia, it is detrimental during ischemia/reperfusion. Its modulation is being investigated as a potential target to reduce reperfusion injury. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge about autophagy, summarizes findings specifically in permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion, and briefly discusses the potential implication of experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution three-dimensional atlas of congenital heart defects based on micro-CT images of human postmortem wax-infiltrated heart specimens","authors":"Shuhei Toba ,&nbsp;Stephen P. Sanders ,&nbsp;Takato Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Keito Mori ,&nbsp;Kentaro Umezu ,&nbsp;Motoshi Takao ,&nbsp;Chrystalle Katte Carreon","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postmortem heart specimens are essential for education and research on the anatomy, morphology, and pathology of congenital heart defects. However, such specimens are rarely obtained these days, and the specimens stored in formalin are inexorably deteriorating. This study aimed to develop methods to archive three-dimensional data of rare human heart specimens and to publish the data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All wax-infiltrated human postmortem heart specimens stored in the Cardiac Registry, Boston Children's Hospital were scanned using microfocus computed tomography (X-Tek HMXST225, Nikon Metrology, Inc.), and reproduced using a three-dimensional printer (Form 3B, Formlabs Inc.). The digital models were published as an interactive three-dimensional online atlas. The resolution of the three-dimensional data was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary diagnoses in the 88 specimens included in the study include normal cardiac anatomy (11 cases), transposition of the great arteries {S,D,D} (11 cases), ventricular septal defect (10 cases), double-outlet right ventricle (9 cases), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (9 cases), and common atrioventricular canal (7 cases). Twenty-five cases (28%) underwent previous surgical or percutaneous interventions to the heart, including Mustard procedure (1 case), Senning procedure (2 cases, one was performed on a postmortem heart specimen). The median voxel size of the three-dimensional data was 40.5 um (IQR, 32.8–64.2). All intracardiac structures were precisely reproduced as digital and physical three-dimensional models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The methods and resultant models were considered useful for archiving and furthering the utilization of these invaluable specimens. The atlas is available at <span><span>https://www.sketchfab.com/heartmodels/collections</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054880724000863/pdfft?md5=eb102195ecc285f6e909d438401479f0&pid=1-s2.0-S1054880724000863-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of local and downstream responses in two commercially available paclitaxel-coated balloons in healthy peripheral arteries of a swine model","authors":"María Gracia de Garnica García ,&nbsp;Laura Mola Solà ,&nbsp;Claudia Pérez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Luis Duocastella Codina ,&nbsp;María Molina Crisol ,&nbsp;Alex Gómez Castel ,&nbsp;Armando Pérez de Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the local, downstream, and systemic effects of 2 different paclitaxel-coated balloons.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Preclinical study in healthy peripheral arteries of a swine model, with randomized allocation of the distribution of the devices: the test paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) (Luminor^Ⓡ), a control PCB (IN.PACT^Ⓡ), and a plain angioplasty balloon (Oceanus^Ⓡ), considering single (1×) and overlapping (3×) doses with simple blind histologic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty animals underwent balloon angioplasty at 1× or 3× doses in the external and internal branches of both femoral arteries and were followed-up for 28 days. Postprocedural and follow-up angiography were carried out. Comprehensive necropsy and histology were used to evaluate the local, downstream and systemic effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Angioplasty was successfully carried out in all animals. Significant protocol deviations appeared in 3 arteries (treated with Oceanus®) without clinical relevance. Those samples were excluded from the analysis. All the animals survived the follow-up period without major clinical issues. Local signs of drug toxicity were less marked with Luminor® than IN.PACT® at 1× dose, including endothelial loss (<em>P</em> = .0828), intima/media inflammation (<em>P = .</em>0004), transmural medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss (<em>P = .</em>0016), wall thickness loss (<em>P = .</em>0141), presence of fibrin in the vascular wall (<em>P = .</em>0054), and adventitial inflammation (<em>P = .</em>0080). A similar pattern was observed at the 3× dose for endothelial loss (<em>P = .</em>0011), intima/media inflammation (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001), circumferential SMC loss (<em>P = .</em>0004), medial SMC replacement with proteoglycans (<em>P = .</em>0014), fibrin (<em>P</em> = .0034), and collagen content (<em>P = .</em>0205). Downstream vascular histologic changes were mild although more prevalent in the IN.PACT® 3× group (<em>P</em> = .006). No systemic effects of toxicity were detected in any of the samples analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Luminor® showed better healing pattern (lower inflammation, and endothelial and muscular loss) than IN.PACT® balloon. The effect was evident at single and triple doses. The prevalence of downstream lesions, albeit low, was higher with the triple dose of IN.PACT® compared with Luminor®.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105488072400084X/pdfft?md5=5cc18fef6fc22cd638ff97f9b9e647a6&pid=1-s2.0-S105488072400084X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}