Cancer reports最新文献

{"title":"Sarcopenia and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Association.","authors":"Diwakar Koirala, Nakendra Malla, Bivek Mishra, Ramesh Sapkota, Sahil Niraula, Kushal Bastola, Nirman Khatiwada, Manish Gahatraj, Rijan Kafle","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70695","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, has emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker in oncology. Its role in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains inadequately defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2026. Observational studies reporting baseline computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia, based on a dichotomized skeletal muscle index (SMI) or skeletal muscle area (SMA), in adults with HNSCC receiving ICIs were included. Studies using non-radiological assessment, continuous-only muscle indices, exposure definitions incorporating on-treatment change, or populations restricted to progression after ICI therapy were excluded, and cohorts were screened for patient overlap. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were pooled using a random-effects model with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method incorporating the truncated variance correction. Risk of bias was assessed with the QUIPS tool and certainty of evidence with GRADE as adapted for prognostic factor reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three retrospective cohort studies (354 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Under the pre-specified primary estimator the pooled hazard ratio for OS was 2.05 (95% CI 1.00-4.20), an interval that marginally includes the null (common-effect HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.48-2.84; I² = 0%); for PFS it was 1.85 (95% CI 1.05-3.27; I² = 0%), excluding the null only narrowly. The wide HKSJ intervals reflect the small number of studies. The pooled OS estimate is closely concordant with an independent published synthesis of the same question (HR 2.05). Certainty of evidence was rated low for both outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline CT-defined sarcopenia was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the hazard of death, and of progression or death, in patients with HNSCC treated with ICIs. The primary OS analysis did not reach conventional statistical significance: under the pre-specified HKSJ estimator its 95% confidence interval marginally included the null, and the PFS interval excluded the null only narrowly. The association therefore rests on the size and consistency of the point estimates, the absence of heterogeneity, the common-effect interval and concordance with an independent published synthesis, rather than on the primary interval alone. The evidence base comprises three retrospective cohorts and certainty is low. Sarcopenia should be regarded as a prognostic rather than a predictive marker in this setting and must not be used to justify withholding immunotherapy. Prospective studies with standardized CT-based definitions are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":"e70695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-Line Therapy Following Osimertinib in Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer at an Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Michael Rafizadeh, Stephanie Bogdan, Jonathan Lee, Christine Garcia, Ashish Saxena, Kathy Zhou, Bobak Parang","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70693","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>FLAURA2 demonstrated that adding chemotherapy to osimertinib improved overall survival compared with osimertinib monotherapy in metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated (EGFR-mut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, only 60% of patients in the osimertinib monotherapy arm received second-line therapy after discontinuing first-line osimertinib. Aims We hypothesized that a higher proportion of patients on osimertinib monotherapy receive second-line therapy at academic medical centers in the United States (US).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with metastatic EGFR-mut NSCLC treated with first-line osimertinib monotherapy at an academic medical center in the United States from February 2018 to July 2024. Analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival estimation, log-rank test, multivariate Cox regression, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Fisher's exact test. Most patients were female (74%) and had a history of never-smoking (69%); 50% were Asian, and 93% of patients had adenocarcinoma histology. The median time to treatment failure (TTF) for all patients on first-line osimertinib was 25.3 months (95% CI: 18.6-37.5). The median TTF was 15.7 months (CI: 13.1-22.0) for patients with TP53-mut disease and 42.2 months (CI: 36.9-NR) for patients with TP53 wild-type tumors (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Of the 115 total patients, 66 (57.4%) discontinued first-line osimertinib. Of these 66 patients, 26 (39.4%) either died or pursued hospice. Forty (60.6%) of the 66 patients experienced progression of disease and subsequently received second-line therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only 61% of patients with metastatic EGFR-mut NSCLC received second-line therapy after osimertinib at our institution, similar to the second-line therapy rates in the control arm of FLAURA2.</p>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":"e70693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Number and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score as Selection Criteria for Resection or Embolization of Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Yi-Hao Yen, Chee-Chien Yong, Yueh-Wei Liu, Wei-Feng Li, Chih-Chi Wang, Chih-Yun Lin","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70697","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor and liver-related factors are well-known prognostic factors for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Japanese Society of Hepatology (JSH) guidelines recommend considering liver resection (LR) for patients with multiple tumors and a tumor number ≤ 3. A previous Italian study showed that a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of > 9 indicates inadequate liver function reserve in patients with HCC undergoing LR.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We used these two parameters to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) Stage B HCC who underwent LR or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We consecutively enrolled patients with BCLC stage B HCC and Child-Pugh Class A liver disease underwent LR or TACE. Of these patients, 163 underwent LR and 270 underwent TACE. We used two parameters, that is, ≤ 3 nodules and a MELD score of ≤ 9, to subclassify BCLC stage B HCC patients. BCLC B1 had to occur concomitantly with two parameters, whereas for BCLC B2, meeting only one criterion was sufficient. The five-year OS of BCLC B1 patients undergoing LR was 60% and those undergoing TACE was 37% (p = 0.007). The 5-year OS of BCLC B2 patients undergoing LR was 23% and those undergoing TACE was 18% (p = 0.223).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We recommend considering LR for BCLC B1 patients, whereas TACE could be considered for BCLC B2 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":"e70697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149011986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Factor Analysis for Risk-Stratified Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nomogram Development for Predicting Structural Incomplete Response to Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Intermediate-Risk Patients.","authors":"Yamin Li, Zhaohui He, Min Zhao, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70692","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structural incomplete response (SIR) after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy indicates persistent or recurrent structural disease and has important implications for the long-term management of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, predictors of SIR across recurrence-risk strata remain incompletely characterized.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify factors associated with SIR following RAI therapy in risk-stratified PTC patients and to develop a predictive nomogram for intermediate-risk patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 615 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy, lymph-node dissection, and ¹³¹I therapy. Patients were re-stratified according to the 2025 American Thyroid Association recurrence-risk framework into a low/low-to-intermediate-risk group and an intermediate-high/high-risk group. In 396 intermediate-risk patients with lymph-node metastasis, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of SIR, and a nomogram was developed and internally validated. SIR rates differed significantly between risk groups (p < 0.001). Stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) independently predicted SIR across all risk strata. The number of lymph-node metastases (LNM) and lymph-node yield additionally predicted SIR in intermediate-high/high-risk patients. In intermediate-risk patients, age, tumor size, lymph-node ratio, sTg, and LNM were independent predictors of SIR. The nomogram yielded an area under the curve of 0.865 (95% CI, 0.814-0.916) in the training cohort and 0.733 (95% CI, 0.617-0.849) in the internal hold-out validation cohort; the bootstrap optimism-corrected area under the curve was 0.853, and the optimism-corrected calibration slope was 0.92.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>sTg and LNM are key predictors of SIR in risk-stratified PTC patients. In this single-center retrospective cohort, the nomogram showed good discrimination and calibration for SIR in intermediate-risk patients; external multicenter validation is warranted before clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":"e70692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13581434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Mortality Predictors in Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort of 10 556 Brazilian Patients","authors":"Wesley Rocha Grippa,&nbsp;Larissa Soares Dell'Antonio,&nbsp;Cristiano Soares Dell'Antônio,&nbsp;Luciane Bresciani Salaroli,&nbsp;Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70667","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide and represents a major contributor to premature mortality among men. This study aimed to estimate survival and investigate factors associated with PCa-specific mortality among men treated within the oncology care network of a Brazilian state.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study was conducted using data obtained from hospital-based cancer registries linked to the state Mortality Information System. The cohort included 10 556 men diagnosed with PCa between 2000 and 2016, with follow-up through 2021. Outcomes were categorized as death from PCa, death from other causes, or alive at the end of follow-up. Associations with PCa-specific mortality were examined using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the end of 2021, 6388 patients were alive, 1936 had died from PCa and 2232 deaths from other causes. The 5-year PCa-specific survival was 87.7%. In the multivariable analysis, increasing age at diagnosis (per 10-year increment) was associated with a higher cause-specific hazard of PCa mortality (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06–1.22). Lower educational level was also associated with increased mortality, while patients with basic education (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.95) and middle or high education (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52–0.80) showed a lower risk of death compared to those with no formal education. Referral from non-SUS services was associated with a slightly higher risk of PCa mortality (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00–1.30). Regarding treatment variables, surgery was associated with a lower cause-specific hazard of mortality (HR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.33–0.52), whereas hormone therapy was associated with an increased cause-specific hazard of death (HR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.75–2.24).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age, educational level, presence of distant metastasis, referral source, and treatment modalities were associated with PCa-specific mortality. However, treatment-related associations should be interpreted with caution, as they likely reflect underlying disease severity and treatment selection patterns rather than causal effects. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, reducing social inequalities in access to care, and strengthening oncology care networks to improve outcomes in patients with PCa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timeliness of Colorectal Cancer Care in Veterans: The Role of Travel Distance","authors":"Emma M. Bradley,&nbsp;Megan Shroder,&nbsp;Gretchen Edwards,&nbsp;Shannon McChesney,&nbsp;Colleen Kiernan,&nbsp;Robert S. Dittus,&nbsp;Christianne L. Roumie","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70663","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rural patients experience healthcare disparities due to multiple factors including travel distance. However, the impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) care for Veterans remains undefined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to describe the association between distance and timeliness of care for Veterans with CRC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assembled a retrospective cohort of Veterans with Stage I–III CRC who underwent resection at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) between 2001 and 2018. Time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment, length of stay, 30-day readmissions and mortality were compared based on distance (≤ 40 mi; 41–100 mi, and &gt; 100 mi). Among 375 patients, the median travel distance was 67.9 mi and median time to treatment initiation was 33 days. In a multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, stage, year of surgery, race and co-morbidities, the time to initial treatment was 11.8 days longer for patients &gt; 100 mi away compared to those who live within 40 mi (CI 1.4–22.1, <i>p</i> = 0.026). No significant difference was observed for patients within 40 mi vs. 41–100 mi away (0.13 days, CI −9.4 to 9.8, 0.98). Common contributors to delays &gt; 60 days included transitions from non-VAMC care, cardiac optimization and additional testing or treatment. There were no associations between distance and surgical length of stay, 30-day readmissions, or mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Travel distance &gt; 100 mi was associated with timeliness of care for Veterans, though no differences in clinical outcomes were observed. Distance-related outcome disparities may be mitigated through integrated, high-volume VA care system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Denileukin Diftitox-cxdl in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: An All-Case Post-Marketing Study in Japan","authors":"Tatsuro Jo,&nbsp;Kota Matsumoto,&nbsp;Mika Ishii,&nbsp;Koji Izutsu","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70641","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70641","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Denileukin diftitox (DD)-cxdl, a fusion protein comprising diphtheria toxin fragments and human interleukin-2, is a treatment for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Previous trials have enrolled a limited number of patients, and there is a need to evaluate DD-cxdl in a more diverse population, including those with different ages and treatment histories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This observational post-marketing study (19 May 2021 to 1 February 2024) was conducted in over 200 institutions in Japan to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of DD-cxdl in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and CTCL (NCT05137847; jRCT2031220196). Patient characteristics, status of drug administration, adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and effectiveness were assessed. Capillary leak syndrome was specified as an AE of special interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 104 patients were analyzed (PTCL: 85; CTCL: 19), including 57 male patients (54.8%). The median age was 74 (range: 20–88) years. The median number of prior chemotherapy lines was 3.5 (1.0–10.0), and approximately half (55.8%) of the patients discontinued treatment during cycle 1. Most patients experienced AEs (94.2%) and ADRs (84.6%), and the most common serious ADR was capillary leak syndrome (22.1%). Effectiveness could be assessed in 80/104 patients. The overall objective response rate was 16.3% (95% confidence interval: 8.9, 26.2), and in patients with PTCL and CTCL it was 15.4% (7.6, 26.5) and 20.0% (4.3, 48.1), respectively. Four patients (6.2%) with PTCL achieved a complete response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first observational study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of DD-cxdl in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL and CTCL in daily clinical practice. No new safety concerns were identified. Clinicians should remain aware of the risk of capillary leak syndrome.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trail Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05137847 and Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCT2031220196.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Nivolumab in Chemotherapy-Resistant Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis: A Case Report","authors":"Haruki Koyanagi,&nbsp;Takashi Kawahara,&nbsp;Natsuki Inagawa,&nbsp;Miho Shiga,&nbsp;Hiromichi Sakurai,&nbsp;Akane Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Kouzaburou Tanuma,&nbsp;Satoshi Nitta,&nbsp;Kosuke Kojo,&nbsp;Masanobu Shiga,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Nagumo,&nbsp;Atsushi Ikeda,&nbsp;Shuya Kandori,&nbsp;Akio Hoshi,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Negoro,&nbsp;Hitomi Kawai,&nbsp;Daisuke Matsubara,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Nishiyama","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70647","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all mesothelioma cases. Due to the rarity of this disease, a standard treatment has not been established. Clinical management is generally adapted from the strategies used for pleural mesothelioma. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated efficacy in treating pleural mesothelioma, their role in mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis remains uncharacterized due to a lack of evidence. This is the first report documenting a clinical response to nivolumab in chemoresistant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 71-year-old man presented with painless left scrotal swelling and was initially diagnosed with a hydrocele at the referring hospital. One year later, hydrocelectomy revealed partial thickening of the tunica without malignancy. A subsequent magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed a new intratesticular nodule. Orchiectomy was performed, and the pathological findings revealed an epithelioid mesothelioma. He was referred to Tsukuba University Hospital for further treatment. He also had a history of Self-Defense Force service, which suggested possible asbestos exposure. Imaging revealed pelvic lymphadenopathy with fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right external iliac lymph nodes. He received four cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed every 3 weeks, resulting in stable disease. Bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was performed and confirmed the presence of metastatic mesothelioma. Nine months after the surgery, bilateral inguinal lymph node recurrence occurred, and he received cisplatin monotherapy because of renal impairment. Despite four additional cycles of cisplatin monotherapy, the disease progressed. Therefore, chemotherapy was discontinued, and nivolumab was administered. Nivolumab resulted in sustained tumor shrinkage. However, after 3 months of treatment, he developed immune-related encephalitis requiring corticosteroid therapy and nivolumab discontinuation. After 16 months of nivolumab initiation, he was dead from the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first report documenting the clinical response of a chemoresistant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis to nivolumab. ICIs are a promising treatment option for this rare and challenging disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and Predicted Significance of PKLR in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma","authors":"Biyan Gong,&nbsp;Xuejun Xu,&nbsp;Tubing Xu,&nbsp;Dong Zhang,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Cailing Li,&nbsp;Tingjun Li,&nbsp;Yuandeng Luo","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CCA and its treatment options remain unclear and limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CCA through transcriptomics and whole-exome sequencing analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed the relationship between overall survival and various risk factors in 255 CCA samples from a published dataset and 36 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Transcriptomics analysis was used to identify genes whose expression plays a crucial role in CCA development and progression. Targeted drug databases were used to examine which gene expression signatures represent potential therapeutic targets for CCA. Mutated genes were analyzed to explore potential mechanisms. Standard statistical methods were applied to analyze associations between clinical data and candidate targets. A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognostic impact of the optimal candidate. Cell experiments were used to demonstrate the role of PKLR in CCA growth and metastasis. We identified FOLH1, PKLR, PTH1R, GPR114, KCNH2, LCN2, MMP10, PORCN, RIPK3, and SRPK3 as potential therapeutic targets for CCA, with PKLR being the most promising candidate based on the computational analyses. PKLR was lowly expressed in CCA tissues. PKLR expression was closely associated with ARID1A and KRAS mutations. PKLR mRNA levels were significantly correlated with tumor size (<i>p</i> = 0.024) and metastasis (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Low PKLR expression in CCA was positively associated with poor survival. A nomogram accurately predicted the prognosis of CCA patients based on PKLR expression levels. Silencing PKLR expression promotes growth and metastasis of CCA in vitro.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that PKLR, an independent protective factor in CCA, is a potential prognostic biomarker and a candidate for further investigation as a therapeutic target. PKLR expression is significantly associated with ARID1A and KRAS mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic, Trop-2, and Immune Profiles of Carcinomatous and Sarcomatous Components in Ovarian Carcinosarcoma","authors":"Tomomi Sakamaki,&nbsp;Tatsuyuki Chiyoda,&nbsp;Kohei Nakamura,&nbsp;Reika Takamatsu,&nbsp;Ryutaro Kawano,&nbsp;Daisuke Ochiai,&nbsp;Mitsuyo Jisaka,&nbsp;Mio Takahashi,&nbsp;Takuma Yoshimura,&nbsp;Yumiko Kimura,&nbsp;Shinya Oki,&nbsp;Kensuke Sakai,&nbsp;Tomoko Yoshihama,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nishihara,&nbsp;Wataru Yamagami","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70659","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare, aggressive tumor composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, typically associated with poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, the molecular characteristics, immune microenvironment, and optimal treatment of OCS remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the genomic profiles, Trop-2 expression, and immune microenvironment of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components of OCS separately, and to explore candidate therapeutic targets for this rare and aggressive tumor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, single-institution study analyzed nine cases of ovarian or fallopian tube carcinosarcoma treated between 2013 and 2023. Targeted next-generation sequencing of 160 cancer-related genes was performed in eight cases, and immunohistochemistry for p53, Trop-2, CD8, and PD-L1 was performed in nine cases, with the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components evaluated separately whenever they were separable. All tumors contained high-grade serous carcinoma components. Targeted sequencing revealed <i>TP53</i> mutations in all samples. Most genetic alterations were shared by both components, supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in OCS pathogenesis. Amplifications in <i>CCND1</i>, <i>CCNE1</i>, <i>PRKCI</i>, and <i>GNAS</i> (37.5%), and <i>ERBB2</i> (12.5%) were detected, and whole genome duplication was observed in two cases (25%). One case (12.5%) showed high microsatellite instability and was associated with Lynch syndrome. Immunohistochemistry showed Trop-2 positivity in all carcinomatous components, with a trend toward higher expression compared with sarcomatous areas (<i>p</i> = 0.0625). CD8 and PD-L1 levels were low, consistent with a relatively non-inflamed, immune-cold-like microenvironment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest molecular similarities between OCS and high-grade serous carcinoma and highlight the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The low immune marker expression suggests limited benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, except in select Lynch syndrome cases. In contrast, the consistently high Trop-2 expression in the carcinomatous component may warrant further investigation of Trop-2-targeted antibody–drug conjugates as a hypothesis-generating therapeutic candidate for OCS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}