Cancer reports最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Cytarabine and Daunorubicin Liposome (CPX-351) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"Abdulwahab M. Alzahrani,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Alnuhait,&nbsp;Tariq Alqahtani","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with a poor prognosis when treated using conventional chemotherapy. CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin, has demonstrated potential as a novel therapeutic strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of CPX-351 compared to standard induction chemotherapy in patients with AML.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from 2011 to 2023. Overall, 14 clinical trials with more than 800 AML patients were included. Data on adverse events, survival outcomes, and response rates were extracted and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CPX-351 exhibited an adverse event profile that was comparable to that of conventional chemotherapy. It resulted in complete remission rates of 18%–41% in relapsed/refractory AML patients. For newly diagnosed individuals, CPX-351 led to complete remission rates of 41%–58%, surpassing the 14%–40% associated with standard chemotherapy. Additionally, it extended overall survival by 3.6–5.7 months, with significant advantages noted in high-risk cytogenetics and secondary AML cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review presents strong evidence supporting CPX-351 as a therapeutic alternative with superior efficacy and comparable safety to standard chemotherapy across diverse AML populations. This represents a breakthrough in therapy, with demonstrated efficacy in AML cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clonal Trajectory of Liver and Lung Metastases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Ofer N. Gofrit,&nbsp;Ben Gofrit,&nbsp;Aron Popovtzer,&nbsp;Jacob Sosna,&nbsp;S. Nahum Goldberg","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metastatic spread can follow either the linear route-dissemination of fully malignant cells from the primary tumor, or the parallel route-dissemination of immature tumor cells and independent maturation to metastases in target organs. The linear/parallel ratio (LPR) is a model that uses metastases diameter comparisons to decipher dissemination route. LPR of +1 suggests pure linear and −1 pure parallel spread.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the metastases trajectory in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 133 patients with PDAC, including 97 patients (72.9%) with synchronous and 36 (27.1%) with metachronous metastases with a total of 1054 lung and 2898 liver metastases, were evaluated. We found that metastatic spread to both liver and lungs is almost exclusively via the linear route (lungs median LPR + 1, interquartile range [IQR] 0.97,1. Liver median LPR + 0.98, IQR 0.83,1). Calculated from the primary diagnosis, overall survival (OS) of patients with metachronous metastases was significantly better compared to patients with synchronous disease (14 months, IQR 10,26, vs. 7 months, IQR 6,9, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). However, calculated from the time of metastases diagnosis, OS of both groups was similar (4 months, IQR 3,8, vs. 7 months, IQR 6,9, <i>p</i> = 0.235).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These two observations suggest that metastatic spread of PDAC is almost exclusively via the linear route, that is, directly from the primary tumor. Therefore, liver or lung metastases are already present in most patients with PDAC at the time of initial diagnosis. This suggests that local treatment in patients with seemingly localized disease does not decrease their risk of developing metastases and that systemic treatment must follow.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma: Is This a New Syndrome in Patients With Cirrhosis? A Case Series","authors":"Fabrizio Bronte,&nbsp;Fabio D'Amato,&nbsp;Maria Rosa Barcellona,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bronte,&nbsp;Giuseppe Malizia,&nbsp;Salvatore Ialuna,&nbsp;Giorgio Fusco,&nbsp;Francesco Verderame,&nbsp;Enrico Bronte,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Bavetta","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case series aimed to explore the occurrence of synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in cirrhotic patients and to propose a potential common pathogenic mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Cases</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed the available literature and retrospectively analyzed seven cases of cirrhotic patients with synchronous HCC and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma (colon or gastric) identified in our center between March 2020 and June 2023. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and histological confirmation through biopsy or surgery.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the patients was 77.3 years (range 76–83), with five males and two females. Five patients had liver cirrhosis, and two had chronic hepatitis (one with HCV, one with MASLD). HCC was confirmed in all patients, with elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels (mean: 737.6 ng/mL). Colon adenocarcinoma was found in five patients, and gastric adenocarcinoma in one patient. Genetic and microsatellite instability analyses were performed in selected cases, revealing high microsatellite instability in one patient. We suggest that the Wnt/APC/β-catenin pathway might play a key role in the pathogenesis of both HCC and gastrointestinal malignancies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Synchronous HCC and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma may be increasingly identified due to prolonged survival in cirrhotic patients. Alterations in the Wnt/APC/β-catenin pathway could represent a shared pathogenic mechanism. Regular surveillance through ultrasound and endoscopy is essential for early diagnosis in this high-risk population. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and explore targeted treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Pediatric Solid Tumors: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in Ethiopia","authors":"Mamude Dinkiye,&nbsp;Deme Abdissa,&nbsp;Tadele Hailu,&nbsp;Aziza T. Shad,&nbsp;Yoram Unguru","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pediatric solid tumors are a significant health challenge worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia, where healthcare infrastructure is limited and treatment modalities are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to understand the epidemiological characteristics of these tumors and short-term treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study spanning a period of 2 years and 8 months was conducted among all children below age 15 years admitted to St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College hemato-oncology unit with a pediatric solid tumor. Data from patient charts was extrapolated and analyzed using SPSS version 29. A total of 173 pediatric solid tumor patients were identified over the study period. 22.6% of patients were treated in the first year, 34.6% of patients were treated in the second year, and 42.8% of patients were treated in the last 8 months of the study period. 56.1% of them were males. Most patients came from the Oromia region. The most frequent solid tumors were retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Eighty-six patients are still on treatment, 23 patients achieved complete remission, 4 relapsed, 2 were defaulters, 5 patients were lost to follow-up, 21 died, 5 were referred to other hospitals, and 10 opted against treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study reveals a rising trend in childhood solid tumor cases over the years. A significant proportion of patients achieved remission, whereas most remain under treatment or follow-up care. A relatively small percentage experienced relapses, with some cases of defaulters, loss to follow-up, and a few instances of mortality. Implementing early detection strategies and community-based awareness programs could improve outcomes by encouraging timely diagnosis and intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Malignant Melanoma on the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Maziar Motiee-Langroudi,&nbsp;Athena Farahzadi,&nbsp;Pouyan Aminshakib","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melanoma of the oral mucosa is an uncommon cancer arising from the tissues lining the mouth. Among oronasal malignant melanomas, tongue melanoma makes up a mere 2%. Optimal treatments for this rare and often late-stage disease remain elusive. However, surgery with free margins is considered the primary treatment and is often combined with other therapies such as neck dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case involves a 33-year-old woman with a history of malignant melanoma on her tongue. She had previously undergone a partial glossectomy and was on maintenance imatinib treatment for ~2 years. During her follow-up, a new lesion was discovered on her tongue, which was confirmed to be malignant melanoma and was resected. The tumor exhibited a depth of invasion of 8 mm. All surgical margins were clear, with the closest margin being 3 mm. The lesion was reconstructed with a submental flap. Adjuvant radiotherapy was also given. The patient has been on maintenance follow-up for 3 years with no signs of recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malignant melanoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pigmented and non-pigmented lesions of the tongue and oral mucosa. A thorough clinical evaluation, followed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of any suspicious lesions, is essential for early diagnosis. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and improving survival rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Mutations in TP53, AXIN1, CTNNB1, and KRAS, and Polymorphisms in JAK1 Genes Among Mongolian HCC Patients","authors":"Nomin Bold,&nbsp;Khurelsukh Buyanbat,&nbsp;Ariya Enkhtuya,&nbsp;Nomin Myagmar,&nbsp;Gerelsuren Batbayar,&nbsp;Zolzaya Sandag,&nbsp;Dolgion Damdinbazar,&nbsp;Nomuun Oyunbat,&nbsp;Tuul Boldbaatar,&nbsp;Ankhbayar Enkhbaatar,&nbsp;Gan-Erdene Baatarjav,&nbsp;Taivan Nanzaddorj,&nbsp;Tsendsuren Oyunsuren,&nbsp;Gantulga Davaakhuu","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mongolia has the highest incidence of liver cancer worldwide, largely driven by a high prevalence of hepatitis virus infections. Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mutations in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in Mongolian HCC patients and to explore their molecular mechanisms, particularly in relation to hepatitis virus infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 55 tumor tissue samples from Mongolian HCC patients (2019–2021), identifying mutations in <i>TP53</i>, <i>CTNNB1</i>, <i>AXIN1</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, and <i>JAK1</i> through sequencing. Western blotting was used to assess β-catenin and p53 protein levels. Our findings showed p53 overexpression in tumors with <i>TP53</i> mutations (F270I and S362S), while mutations such as R213* and a short-sequence deletion upstream of intron 7 produced premature stop codons, resulting in truncated p53 and loss of tumor suppressor function. β-catenin accumulation was observed in tumors with <i>CTNNB1</i> mutations (D32N/Y, S33C/Y, S34V, S37P, T41A, and S45P). <i>CCND1</i> expression, a key target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was significantly upregulated in tumors harboring <i>CTNNB1</i> and <i>AXIN1</i> mutations (<i>p</i> = 0.02213). Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between β-catenin and <i>CCND1</i> expression levels (<i>r</i> = 0.42703). Hepatitis virus infections were significantly associated with these mutations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), suggesting a link between viral infection and genetic alterations in HCC development. Compared to TCGA data, our cohort displayed a significantly higher mutation frequency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating potential regional genetic and environmental influences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of HCC in Mongolia, highlighting distinct mutational patterns in <i>TP53</i>, <i>CTNNB1</i>, <i>AXIN1</i>, and <i>KRAS</i>. The association between hepatitis virus infections and these mutations underscores their potential oncogenic impact and may inform future therapeutic strategies for HCC in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size Increment During Surveillance in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Evidence Synthesis and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mohamed Badie Ahmed,&nbsp;Emad Naem,&nbsp;Harman Saman,&nbsp;Abeer Alsherawi,&nbsp;Asma Syed,&nbsp;Noora Al-Abdulla,&nbsp;Latifa Alkaabi,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Zirie,&nbsp;Suhail A. Doi","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiated thyroid cancer has become a prevalent malignant tumor, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), constituting over 90% of cases. Most PTC lesions are asymptomatic and remain subclinical throughout life, and active surveillance is now being used to monitor the progression of these lesions and intervene when appropriate. This evidence synthesis aims to assess PTC progression in size over time during active surveillance in terms of PTC tumor size progression to or beyond 3 mm during the surveillance period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dose–response meta-analysis was conducted using the robust error meta-regression method, using time as the “dose” and cumulative progression (%) was assessed. A comprehensive literature review was done using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception till August 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 21 studies from 7 different countries, including 14 648 participants, were included. Incident progression at 2 years of follow-up was 1%, and this increased linearly to 12% at 20 years of follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was concluded that progression over the threshold increases linearly over time at approximately less than 1% per year. Therefore, size progression beyond the threshold occurs in a minority and in less than one eighth of subjects by two decades of follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Immunophenotypic Reversal of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia With High Dose Parenteral Methylcobalamin: A Case Report and Brief Review of Cobalamin in Cancer","authors":"Carmen Wheatley","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supposed ‘spontaneous’ remissions in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) are extremely rare. By the most stringent immunophenotypic criteria, there are only seven cases to date of unexplained, immune system effected cures. A historic review of this phenomenon is presented as context for this eighth case of CLL immunophenotypic reversal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 59-year-old, molecular biologist, stage I CLL, whose diagnosis and recovery were both thoroughly documented, not content to watch and wait, chose to treat himself, after individual tumour susceptibility testing, with evidence based, biological response modifiers, which initially seemed to keep his CLL stable. This included 1 mg of hydroxocobalamin injected i.m. daily. However, after some years his lymphocytosis began slowly to drift upwards. At that point, he was persuaded to change his injection protocol to methylcobalamin, at 50 mg i.m. a day, a dose whose clinical safety is sufficiently well-established, and a form of cobalamin that the research literature shows has anticancer actions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This change in cobalamin form and dose proved a critical turning point. Complete disappearance of the lymphocytosis also coincided with a severe infection and an even further temporary increase of the parenteral methylcobalamin dose, both catalytic factors. In the 4th and 5th years following this, the patient's repeated immunophenotyping showed no clonal disease present. A brief review of the field of cobalamin in cancer research and treatment is given, with discussion of the various mechanisms by which cobalamins may impact on cancer/CLL. Historic analysis reveals that cyanocobalamin is generally cancer promotional, whereas hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are cancer protective and cytotoxic. It is hypothesised that the actions of cobalamin in cancer aetiology and oncogenesis/progression are intertwined with those of nitric oxide, which tumours regulate to dupe the immune system to their presence, by causing a functional cobalamin deficiency in the host.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Survival and Prognostic Factors of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Following Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Hoang Dong Duc,&nbsp;Mai Binh Thanh,&nbsp;Mai Bang Hong,&nbsp;Nguyen Thinh Tien,&nbsp;Nguyen Thai Van,&nbsp;Bui Bieu Quang,&nbsp;Nguyen Chau Dinh,&nbsp;Thai Ky Doan","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a detailed analysis of long-term survival and critical factors influencing the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Our findings provide reassurance about the potential of the combination of TACE and SBRT as an effective treatment strategy for patients with large liver tumors due to HCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective study was conducted on 42 patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at 108 Military Central Hospital between December 2018 and June 2024. Following a single session of TACE, each patient underwent SBRT 1 month later. The SBRT dose ranged from 27.5 to 48 Gy, delivered in 3–5 fractions. The patient survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method while examining prognostic factors influencing survival, which involved log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 42 patients (83.3% male), 34 patients (81.0%) had tumors measuring ≥ 5 cm. The median follow-up period was 32.2 months (4.5–65.1 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 32.6 months, with the respective 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates reported as 73.8%, 24.5%, and 19.6%. Furthermore, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.6 months, with corresponding 1- and 3-year PFS rates of 71.4% and 19.0%. Factors linked to improved OS and PFS included AFP levels and treatment response based on Modified RECIST criteria. Additionally, multivariate analysis identified patient age, EQD2, and BED10 as significant predictors of better survival outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of combining TACE and SBRT as a treatment strategy for patients with large liver tumors due to HCC, instilling confidence in the future of HCC treatment. Positive prognostic factors included patient age, EQD₂, and BED₁₀.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Abscopal Response 3 Years After Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report","authors":"Zhe Chen,&nbsp;Toshihiro Suzuki,&nbsp;Zennosuke Mochizuki,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takahashi,&nbsp;Kan Marino,&nbsp;Takafumi Komiyama,&nbsp;Hiroshi Onishi","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney in adults, with poor prognosis in advanced or metastatic stages. Although traditionally considered radioresistant, RCC has shown a promising response to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), which not only offers local tumor control but may also induce an abscopal effect, resulting in regression of distant metastases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 54-year-old male with a history of right RCC underwent radical nephrectomy in 2000, followed by partial nephrectomy for a left kidney recurrence in 2005. In 2011, imaging revealed a second recurrence in the left kidney. In 2013, after declining further surgery, he was treated with SBRT for the recurrent left renal lesion. Follow-up imaging revealed a stable renal mass and a solid right lung nodule. Retrospective analysis of prior imaging suggested the presence of pulmonary metastases concurrent with the renal recurrence. The pulmonary nodule progressively enlarged until November 2016 but then spontaneously regressed by November 2017 without any additional systemic or local interventions, and remained stably reduced in size thereafter. Serial imaging from 2018 showed no evidence of new metastatic disease, and the left renal lesion exhibited partial regression. The pulmonary metastasis remained stable, consistent with the occurrence of an abscopal effect that persisted for 3 years. The patient ultimately passed away in 2024 from unrelated causes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case demonstrates the potential of SBRT to induce a systemic abscopal response in metastatic RCC, with sustained control of pulmonary metastasis over 3 years. The findings suggest that SBRT may play a critical role in managing metastatic RCC, warranting further research into its synergy with immunotherapy for long-term therapeutic benefit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}