Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Sex & marital differences in delayed pharyngeal cancer treatment before and after medicaid expansion","authors":"Jason Semprini","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In the United States, pharyngeal cancer has become the most common type of head and neck cancer, with 80 % of cases found in males. Although disparities in treatment delays have been observed in pharyngeal patients, less is known about how policies facilitate timely care. This study aimed to estimate the association between Medicaid expansion and delaying initiation of pharyngeal cancer treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>We extracted Surveillance, Epidemiological, End Results (SEER) case data to analyze pharyngeal cancers diagnosed between 2000 and 2018. The outcome of interest was a binary variable indicating if the patient initiated treatment two or more months after diagnosis. We conducted subgroup analyses by sex, marital status, and type of treatment received (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, post-operative radiation, systemic therapy). We implemented the Matrix Completion algorithm to account for staggered rollout of Medicaid expansion within our difference-in-differences design.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our sample included 79,433 patients diagnosed with pharynx cancer. Delayed treatment was lowest among married females receiving systemic therapy (5 %), and highest among married males and females not recommended to receive surgery (43 %). Generally, there was no association between Medicaid expansion and changes in delayed treatment. Subgroup analyses show that Medicaid expansion was associated with reduced treatment delays in unmarried females receiving systemic therapy (−4.5%-points), and married males receiving chemotherapy (Est. = −2.6%-points), radiotherapy (Est. = −3.1%-points), and married males not recommended to receive surgery (Est. = −4.6%-points).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Given the importance of timely pharyngeal cancer treatment, health systems must identify and address the drivers of treatment delays to advance cancer equity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004990/pdfft?md5=664276d5ddc4f7bf3248c61ca505846e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004990-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of flap complications following pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for oral cancers","authors":"Nadimul Hoda ,&nbsp;Aastha Moza ,&nbsp;Ankita Saraf ,&nbsp;Sravani Bhogaraju ,&nbsp;Irfan Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral cavity cancer is among the leading cause of cancer death in India. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMC) are still widely used for the reconstruction of defects pertaining to head and neck region, though free flaps are considered to be gold standard. The study was aimed to identify the risk factors involved in post - operative complications of PMMC Flap for oral subsites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 266 patients operated in an oncology institute over 2 years of time was evaluated based on their demographic data, pre and post-surgery details, post-operative flap morbidity were collected retrospectively from master case sheets from January 2022 to January 2024. Factors such as age, gender, stage of disease, diabetic status, and hypoprotenemia and radiation therapy were seen, analysed to find their relation in causing flap complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally 266 patients were included for analysis and 16.9 % had major flap complications. On detailed analysis, it was seen that larger bipaddled flaps had higher flap complication rate, highest being wound infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PMMC Flap is a viable option for head and neck cancer reconstruction, specifically in cases where free microvascular flaps are not done routinely and patient presents with multiple comorbidities. Careful patient selection, pre – operative optimization, operating surgeon experience and post-operative care are contributing factors to reduce flap complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiant advances: The future of brachytherapy in oral oncology","authors":"Shyamaladevi Babu,&nbsp;Madhan Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brachytherapy has become integral to the treatment of oral cancers, offering the advantage of delivering high doses of radiation directly to tumors while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This review examines recent advancements that have significantly improved the precision and effectiveness of brachytherapy. The integration of high-resolution imaging technologies, such as MRI and CT scans, has enhanced tumor delineation, enabling more accurate placement of radioactive sources. Innovations in radioactive sources, particularly high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, have optimized radiation delivery, leading to shorter treatment durations and improved patient outcomes. Personalized treatment approaches, guided by genomic and molecular profiling, allow for customized dosimeter, maximizing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing toxicity. Additionally, combining brachytherapy with other treatment modalities such as surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and chemotherapy has demonstrated synergistic benefits, improving local control and reducing recurrence rates. Despite its advantages, brachytherapy faces challenges, including the invasive nature of the procedure, the need for specialized equipment and training, and limitations related to tumor size. Future directions in the field include advancements in imaging and dosimeter, the development of robotic-assisted brachytherapy, and more personalized treatment plans. These innovations promise to refine brachytherapy further and expand its applicability. This review highlights the transformative potential of recent advances in brachytherapy, emphasizing its evolving role in the localized treatment of oral cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024005004/pdfft?md5=de4d017ee953f597078b5dc22e05f558&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024005004-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining radiotherapy and systemic therapies in oropharyngeal cancer: A comprehensive review of recent developments","authors":"Madhan Krishnan,&nbsp;Shyamaladevi Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has seen significant advancements in treatment modalities, particularly with the integration of radiotherapy and systemic therapies. This review comprehensively examines recent developments in combining these treatments, focusing on their synergistic potential, clinical outcomes, and future prospects. Advances in radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), proton beam therapy (PBT), and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), have improved targeting and reduced toxicity. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) remains a cornerstone, while the onset of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has transformed systemic treatment. Combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy shows promise in enhancing treatment efficacy. Targeted therapies, such as those targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are also explored for their potential in OPC management. The review underscores the importance of personalized treatment approaches and highlights ongoing research into novel therapeutic combinations and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advancements aim to optimize treatment strategies, improve survival rates, and minimize treatment-related toxicity, heralding a new era in OPC management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024005053/pdfft?md5=f9ee3f5b239d8f01f715ac3afe275945&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024005053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in immunotherapy for cancer","authors":"Indrajit Desai ,&nbsp;Saee Thakur ,&nbsp;Pradeep Pagariya","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, have significantly improved the clinical management of various cancers. ICIs, such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, enhance the body's immune response against tumors, offering substantial benefits in cancers like melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and lymphoma. CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell leukemias and lymphomas, through the genetic modification of T-cells to target tumor-specific antigens.Despite these successes, several challenges remain, particularly in the treatment of solid tumors. The heterogeneity of tumor antigens, the presence of physical barriers that impede CAR-T cell infiltration, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limit the effectiveness of these therapies. To address these issues, ongoing research is exploring combination therapies that integrate ICIs with CAR-T cell therapy, improved CAR-T cell engineering, and strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment to enhance immune cell infiltration and function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004989/pdfft?md5=9b7ce80b933ef99a3f68538ac720b265&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004989-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Pandiselvi Ravi ,&nbsp;Shyamaladevi Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC) is a challenging subtype of head and neck cancer that traditionally has been associated with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to the limitations of conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized OPSCC and other cancer therapies. ICIs that target the PD-1 and PD-L1 axis and CTLA-4 have altered cancer action by improving the immune system capacity to detect and kill cancer cells. This paper discusses the significant impact of ICIs like Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, which have been approved for use in recurrent or metastatic OPSCC and have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in clinical trials. The integration of these therapies into clinical practice has been facilitated by the identification of biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression, which guides personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, ongoing research into combination therapies involving ICIs and other treatment modalities is poised which, leads for further improvement in patient outcomes. Despite the successes, challenges such as immune-related adverse events and resistance mechanisms remain, underscoring the need for continued innovation and exploration in the field. This review highlights the pivotal role of ICIs in redefining OPSCC treatment, offering new hope for sustained survival and improved quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004965/pdfft?md5=1bba1c33fd8f844785a4d0d026540be8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004965-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor, “Incidental dose to the oropharynx with involved neck only radiotherapy in squamous cell cancer of unknown primary of the head and neck.”","authors":"Gnanaprakash Jeyaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004941/pdfft?md5=6d662e12d0dcea6c5bcbd82bb662df25&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004941-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT): Reducing toxicity while increasing efficacy in oral cancer","authors":"Shyamaladevi Babu,&nbsp;Pandiselvi Ravi","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004692/pdfft?md5=f1a2ecdf34946b408cbeca0642283b68&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004692-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Prognostic significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in oral squamous cell carcinoma”","authors":"Elumalai perumal,&nbsp;Jospin Sindya","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004898/pdfft?md5=0a1145f3988d84aa86ff9cbe5ba779f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004898-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of obturator in restoring quality of life and function in maxillary oncological defect cases- A systematic review","authors":"Neelima Manoj,&nbsp;Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan,&nbsp;MuthuKumar Balasubramanium,&nbsp;Ganesh RamKumar Rajapandi","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><p>Whether prosthetic rehabilitation significantly affects quality of life and functions of post maxillectomy patients.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Systematically analyze the effects of different types of obturators on post-maxillectomy patients focusing on quality of life and function.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>An electronic search was conducted across four databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect in English language from January 1995 June 2024 using the key terms maxillectomy OR hemi-maxillectomy OR palatomaxillary defect OR Aramany OR Brown OR Okay AND obturator OR denture OR prosthetic AND flap OR surgery OR prosthetic rehabilitation. Additionally, a hand search was performed in the institutional library on Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, Journal of Prosthodontics, International Journal of Prosthodontics and Indian Journal of Prosthodontic Research.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seven articles were included in this systematic review. Patient scores from quality-of-life questionnaires and functional ability evaluations were compared across a total of 251 patients, including those with and without obturators. The evaluation included 3 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, 1 clinical study, and 1 randomized controlled trial. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in both speech and quality of life for patients using maxillary obturators.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Obturator prostheses are not only improved the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) but also enhance overall function of the patient rehabilitated with maxillary oncological defects. They play a crucial role in orofacial rehabilitation by addressing functional and aesthetic challenges faced by individuals with such defects. This positive impact is likely due to the prostheses' ability to restore oral and facial functions, improve speech, and enhance self-esteem and social interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906024004825/pdfft?md5=00a0a09c92a0e72a9d18b68ff8673947&pid=1-s2.0-S2772906024004825-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}