Journal of the National Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting rank lists of recently matched black residents in orthopaedic surgery residency.","authors":"Christon Darden, Kamali Thompson, Bianca Audrey Duah, Hulaimatu Jalloh, Carolina Stocchi, David Forsh","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this research study is to evaluate the opinions of recently matched Black orthopaedic surgery residents regarding factors about residency programs that influenced their rank list order, and to compare and contrast the preferences of Black applicants compared to all residency applicants when selecting an orthopedic residency program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 13-item questionnaire, looking to identify the factors that influence rank lists, was emailed to the program coordinator at every ACGME-accredited program in the United States in March 2023. This study was conducted at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Orthopedics in New York City. The research was done on a national level, including all of the ACGME-accredited programs in the United States. The questionnaire was instructed to be distributed to all orthopedic surgery residents (4,359 residents in total) and medical students who successfully matched during the 2023 cycle. 190 individuals completed the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>190 individuals completed the survey, representing approximately 4.4% of the total population of active orthopedic surgery residents. Of these participants, 41.6% were female, 57.9% were male, and 0.5% were non-binary. The majority of residency applicants self-identified as White (56.8%), followed by Black/African-American (25.4%). The top five factors ranked as very important and essential by Black/African-American survey respondents were the impression after the interview (95.9%), resident camaraderie (93.7%), advice from mentors (91.7%), personal interactions with residents (89.6%), and perceived commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) (89.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orthopaedic surgery programs should focus on enhancing diversity among faculty and consider collaborative efforts among medical schools, residency programs, professional organizations like the Perry Initiative, RJOS, American Association of Latino Orthopaedic Surgeons are they are essential to effect meaningful change in recruiting and retaining Black orthopaedic surgery residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"101098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shifting pendulum: Reflections of a former diversity dean in academic medicine.","authors":"Rafael Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"101104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of social determinants of health in addressing morbidity associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy in Black individuals: A narrative literature review.","authors":"Camille A Clare, Wissam Akkary, Onyedika J Ilonze, Arianna Cavalli, Traci Burgess","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Among Black birthing individuals, opportunities to address disparities in care can impact outcomes. Studies linking social and structural drivers and determinants of health to maternal outcomes are limited, particularly pertaining to PPCM. This narrative review attempts to address literature gaps by offering solutions based approaches to cardio-obstetrical outcomes in the maternal mortality and morbidity space, which is needed for not only obstetrical clinicians and maternal fetal medicine specialists, but also multi-disciplinary clinicians to move the needle in outcomes for pregnant and birthing persons, particularly in the peripartum and postpartum periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"101095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of iBreastExam and clinical breast examination using mammography and ultrasonography as standards: a single-centre study in North India.","authors":"Meenakshi Khapre, Anjali M, Farhanul Huda, Anjum Syed","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. The high mortality rate is due to late detection, low awareness, inadequate screening programs, and limited access to diagnostic and treatment options.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aim is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of iBreastExam (iBE) compared with Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) with mammography/USG as the reference standard for for detection of breast lesions requiring further diagnostic workup (BI-RADS 4-5). The secondary objective was to assess the utility of iBE in suspicious breast lesion screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A diagnostic accuracy study conducted at a tertiary care centre, included women (18-60 years) visiting in breast cancer OPD. CBE, iBE (index test), and Mammography with Ultrasound Breast (reference standard) were performed by trained technicians blinded to either of the test results. Diagnostic accuracy was analyzed per patient. Technicians were also interviewed regarding the feasibility of iBE device usage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 106 participants (mean age: 43.6 years). Per-patient analysis showed CBE sensitivity at 62.96% (42.27%-80.6%) and iBE at 70.37% (49.82%-86.25%). Specificity was 60.81% (48.77%-71.96%) for CBE and 74.67% (63.3%-84.01%) for iBE. After adjusting for clustering per breast, iBE sensitivity remained unchanged, but specificity decreased to 16%. Parallel testing increased sensitivity to 88.9% (71%-97.3%). Technicians found iBE to be time-efficient, acceptable, and comfortable for patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The iBE device may serve as a triage tool, however pending validation with histopathological endpoints.. It is time-efficient and comfortable for patients from the user's perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health literacy and awareness of healthy living among university students: A cross-sectional and correlational study.","authors":"Nurhan Doğan, Aybüke Yurtsever, Zehra Dönük","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study is to determine university students' health literacy and awareness of healthy living, as well as the relationship between these two concepts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample for this cross-sectional, correlational study consisted of 961 students at a university. Data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Health Literacy Scale-Short Form, and the Healthy Living Awareness Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean total score on health literacy was 34.61 ± 7.49, and the mean total score on healthy living awareness was 57.74 ± 7.98. It was determined that place of residence, grade level, living arrangements while attending university, income status, mother's education, and body mass index significantly influenced the mean health literacy score (p<0.05). It was found that sex, the faculty and class in which the student is enrolled, and the type of housing while attending university significantly influenced the mean total score for healthy living awareness (p<0.05). There is a positive, moderate correlation between health literacy and healthy living awareness (r = 0.492, p = 0.000). In addition, a one-unit increase in health literacy is associated with a 0.524-unit increase in awareness of healthy living (R = 0492, R² = 0242, p = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that certain demographic characteristics of university students influence health literacy and awareness of healthy living, and that there is a relationship between health literacy and awareness of healthy living.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: How technology and AI are making clinical trial participation accessible and practical for community physicians.","authors":"Kyle McAllister, Sam Searcy, Subhash C Gumber","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the critical role of clinical trials in advancing medicine, fewer than 5% of practicing physicians actively participate in clinical research. This gap is especially pronounced among African American physicians, where historical exclusion, structural barriers, and the lasting impact of unethical research practices have limited engagement with the research ecosystem. Yet data from the National Medical Association's Project IMPACT initiative show that interest is high: 70.5% of surveyed African American physicians expressed interest in conducting clinical trials, while only 23.5% had prior participation experience. The most commonly cited barriers - lack of awareness, limited time, and insufficient access to research coordinators - are fundamentally operational, not attitudinal. This article examines how artificial intelligence, digital health platforms, and evolving partnership models are dismantling these longstanding barriers. AI-powered platforms now integrate directly with electronic medical record systems to automate patient identification against trial eligibility criteria, transforming what was once an impossible manual process into a streamlined clinical workflow. Voice AI technology scales patient outreach and engagement while maintaining personalized, culturally competent communication. Meanwhile, site management organizations provide shared infrastructure - research coordinators, regulatory support, and technology integration - enabling community physicians to participate without building costly parallel systems. The convergence of these advances arrives at a pivotal moment: FDA Diversity Action Plans now mandate enrollment goals for underrepresented populations, creating strategic opportunities for physicians serving diverse communities. This article outlines a graduated participation framework-from referral partnerships to network affiliation to hybrid models - offering practical guidance for physicians seeking to enter clinical research while sustaining their existing practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative pediatric cardiac arrest in non-operating room locations: Who is at risk?","authors":"Beata Evans, Patrick Olomu","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in technology have led to a rapid increase in the number of diagnostic and interventional studies performed in Non-Operating Room Locations. These are called NORA (Non-Operating Room Anesthesia), for short. Some of these studies are less invasive than the traditional approach. Along with the growth of the available studies, there is a rapid growth for anesthesia care in these locations. Although some of these studies may be performed with anxiolysis or local anesthetic only in adult patients, this is not an option in younger pediatric patients. Even though anesthetic safety for children has improved significantly in the past several decades, persistent risk factors for perioperative cardiac arrest in this population remain. In this article, we discuss the risk factors for perioperative cardiac arrest in pediatric patients in remote anesthetizing sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging boundaries: How AI can help close oral-systemic care gaps.","authors":"Zachary A Brian","doi":"10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}