Access microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Virucidal activity of olanexidine gluconate against SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Rika Watanabe, Takuma Yoshida, Hidemasa Nakaminami","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000812.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000812.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiseptics have been used for infection control against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ethanol (EtOH) was found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2, while chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was less effective. Therefore, virucidal activity may differ between different classes of antiseptic agents. In this study, the efficacy of antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated, and effective agents for infection control were identified. The following antiseptics were used in this study: 1.5% olanexidine gluconate (OLG); 80% EtOH; 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO); 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BKC); 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I); 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% CHG; and 0.5% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (AEG). The virucidal activity was evaluated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 min according to EN14476. After 0.5 min of exposure, 1.5% OLG, 80% EtOH, 1% NaClO, 0.2% BKC and 1% PVP-I inactivated SARS-CoV-2 below the detection limit. The virus survived in the presence of 0.5% CHG, 1% CHG or 0.5% AEG for 3 min. The virucidal activity of 1.5% CHG was insufficient after 0.5 min of exposure. The results showed that virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 differs depending on the class of antiseptic agents used under clean conditions. Despite belonging to the same class of biguanide antiseptics, OLG was more effective against SARS-CoV-2 than CHG.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices survey of medical students to evaluate undergraduate training curriculum.","authors":"Rushika Saksena, Annapurna Parida, Madhura Jain, Rajni Gaind","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000638.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000638.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> A better understanding of knowledge, attitude and practices of undergraduate medical students towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is necessary to identify gaps in the current training curriculum. <b>Methods.</b> A 20-point Likert scale-based questionnaire divided into three parts, knowledge, attitude and practices, relating to antibiotic use and resistance was devised. Students attending each year of the undergraduate medical programme were approached to participate in the study over a 1-week period. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices scores of each year were compared through logistic ordinal regression and the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test. <b>Results.</b> Two hundred and eight students participated in the study. Overall, knowledge of about intended use of antibiotics, fixed drug combinations and awareness about AMR was good (average score of 73.75%). Steady improvement in knowledge scores was observed from the first year (-0.441) to the final year (0.00). The medical students had favourable attitude towards rational antimicrobial use (Likert score ≥4), including the need to spread awareness about AMR amongst students and the public and following doctor's prescriptions. Self-medication was reported by 28.4% of students and hoarding of leftover doses by 49.1%. Attitude score had a direct correlation with the knowledge score on the KW test (<i>χ</i> ²=29.6, <i>P</i>≤0.5) but had no significant correlation with antimicrobial practices (<i>χ</i> ²=3.9, <i>P</i>≥0.5). The gaps identified in students' practices included self-medication, skipping of dosing and hoarding of leftover medication. <b>Conclusion.</b> As improvement in knowledge did not correlate with better personal behaviours regarding antibiotics, the current curriculum needs to include AMR as a focus area to ensure good antibiotic prescribing practices in future practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of enteroviruses circulating among pigs and goats in two Central African countries, Cameroon and the Central African Republic.","authors":"Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji, Marie-Line Joffret, Marina Prisca de Marguerite Nombot-Yazenguet, Marie-Claire Endengue Zanga, Serge Sadeuh-Mba, Richard Njouom, Maël Bessaud","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000886.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000886.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, data on animal enteroviruses (EVs) are scarce, especially in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to characterize EVs among pigs and goats in Cameroon and the Central African Republic (CAR). A total of 226 pig and goat faecal samples collected in two previous studies carried out in Cameroon and CAR were pooled and screened with molecular assays targeting EV-Es, EV-Fs and EV-Gs. EV genomes were amplified by RT-PCR and their sequences were obtained by Illumina sequencing and <i>de novo</i> assembly. Based on the capsid sequences, 27 EV-G sequences were identified and assigned to 11 virus types, while no EV-E or EV-F was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EV-Gs detected in Central Africa do not form specific clusters compared to EV-Gs previously reported in other continents. This suggests a worldwide circulation of EV-Gs, which is likely due to the massive international trade of live animals. One human EV, EV-C99, which belongs to the species <i>Enterovirus C</i>, was detected in pigs. This is the third detection of such an event in a similar context, reinforcing the hypothesis that some EV-Cs could be infecting pigs. Our work provides new data on the genetic diversity of EVs circulating among domestic animals in Central Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of an improved reference freeze-dried direct agglutination test for detecting leishmaniasis in the canine reservoir.","authors":"Abdallah El Harith, Elfadil Abass, Franjo Martinkovic, Durria Mansour, Hussam Ali Osman","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000890.v4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000890.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Proper identification and management of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) cases are among the prerequisites to the effective control of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide. Unlike PKDL, CanL still awaits effective improvement because of its cryptic nature, absence of <i>Leishmania</i> parasites in lesions or lymph nodes and not complete sensitivity of some diagnostic tools in use. Because of the need for certain skills and equipment, both the liquid direct agglutination test and freeze-dried direct agglutination test (FD-DAT) versions are, in comparison with the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), practical and feasible diagnostic alternatives. <b>Aim.</b> Validate the performance of an improved FD-DAT to suit routine and large-scale applications in CanL endemic areas. <b>Methodology.</b> Introducing citrate-saline formaldehyde (CSF) as an anti-clumping agent to replace normal saline for antigen reconstitution and drastically, however, eligibly lower the concentration of promastigotes (1.4×10⁷) in comparison with the original FD-DAT reference (>5×10⁷ ml^-1). To ensure optimal safety, <i>β</i>-mercaptoethanol was replaced by urea or SDS as a serum-reducing agent. <b>Results.</b> By improving the procedure for reconstitution of FD-DAT antigen with CSF, a 150% reduction in the test application cost was achieved. Expired test batches (±4 years earlier) were successfully revitalized to full validity. As compared to the 48 h shelf-life time for the original, an FD-DAT batch reconstituted here with CSF maintained stability for ±12 months. <b>Conclusions.</b> The highly concordant results with IFAT and ELISA (one-way ANOVA test, <i>P</i>=0.142, homogeneity of variances <i>P</i>=0.009) as routine CanL diagnostics further motivate the application of the improved FD-DAT for the detection of the disease in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome description of a potentially new species of Streptomyces isolated from the Indian Sundarbans mangrove.","authors":"Anwesha Ghosh, Simran Kaur Bhambra, Raghu Chandrasekaran, Punyasloke Bhadury","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000892.v5","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000892.v5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A potentially new species of <i>Streptomyces</i> was isolated from station 177 of the Sundarbans Seasonal Time Series in the Indian Sundarbans mangrove. The isolate was cultured from a sediment sample on TYS medium of salinity 15. Sequencing and annotation of the 16S rRNA showed 100% identity against <i>S. laurentii</i> NPS17 against GenBank/ENA/DDBJ. Annotation of the whole genome against the GTDB database showed closest identity with <i>S. terrae</i> SKN60 and belongs to the same clade as <i>S. roseicoloratus</i> TRM44457T and <i>S. laurentii</i> ATCC 31255. The genome is ~7.2 Mb and has a G+C% of 73%. The average amino acid identity was 85.01% with <i>S. roseicoloratus</i> and 80.34% with <i>S. roseolus</i>. The assembly reflected the presence of all essential genes and had 19 biosynthetic gene clusters predicted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for detecting and monitoring Salmonella infection and chronic carriage in living mice using bioluminescent in vivo imaging.","authors":"Aliyah N Bennett, Baileigh Laipply, John S Gunn","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000913.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000913.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi primarily persists in chronic carriers by forming biofilms on gallstones in the gallbladder. We have developed a gallstone mouse model to study chronic carriage. To better understand the infection timeline and differentiate between mice that have maintained long-term gallbladder carriage from those that have cleared infection, we utilized bioluminescent <i>S</i>. Typhimurium and <i>in vivo</i> imaging to detect and track the organ-specific presence of bacteria in living mice. The mice infected with our bioluminescent <i>S</i>. Typhimurium showed luminescence in the abdomen as early as 3 days in comparison to the mice infected with non-luminescent WT <i>S</i>. Typhimurium. With our methods, we achieve image resolution such that we can confidently identify the presence of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium in the gallbladder at >60 days post-infection. Using these methods, we have determined that the minimum number of bacteria necessary to detect luminescence in the mice is 10³ c.f.u. and that one out of six initially infected mice will remain persistently infected for greater than 60 days, with gallbladder bacterial loads reaching upwards of 10³ per milligram of tissue. Given that our limit of detection of luminescence is 10³ c.f.u., our sensitivity is robust enough to identify the bacterial loads present in the average chronically infected mouse. The quantification of individual organs' bacterial c.f.u. and comparison of luminescence between WT and luminescent <i>S</i>. Typhimurium validate that our technique is specific and sensitive enough to detect organ-specific infection in our model of typhoidal chronic carriage.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane staining and phospholipid tracking in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 using the phosphatidylcholine mimic propargyl-choline.","authors":"Chris L B Graham, Jack Bryant, David I Roper, Manuel Banzhaf","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000690.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000690.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of membrane-specific dyes for <i>in vivo</i> fluorescent microscopy is commonplace. However, most of these reagents are non-specific and cannot track specific lipid species movement, instead often acting as non-covalent lipid-associated probes or requiring the uptake of whole lipids and acyl tails into the membrane. This issue has been solved in eukaryotic cell biology by the use of click-chemistry-liable phospholipid headgroup pulse labels. Here, we describe a method for <i>in vivo</i> phospholipid labelling by fluorescent imaging in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using a phosphatidylcholine mimic, 'propargyl-choline' (PCho). This click-chemistry-liable headgroup mimic is visible by microscopy and allows the covalent labelling of lipids. Fluorescence of the cell membranes, visible in heterogeneous patches, is dependent on PCho concentration and is localized in the membrane fraction of cells, demonstrating that it is suitable for membrane labelling and cell imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Mammaliicoccus fleurettii as the source of a methicillin-resistant gene in a First Nation reserve lake in Manitoba, Canada.","authors":"Sabrin Bashar, Rakesh Patidar, Alvan Wai, Dawn White, George R Golding, Annemieke Farenhorst, Ayush Kumar","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000861.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000861.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study aimed to identify the bacterial source of a previously detected mobile antibiotic-resistant gene, <i>mecA</i>, found in a lake that serves as a source to a water treatment plant operated by a First Nation reserve. Three methicillin-resistant presumptive <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolated from the sample using selective media were verified as <i>mecA</i> positive by PCR. MALDI-TOF and whole-genome sequencing of each isolate confirmed that all three were <i>Mammaliicoccus fleurettii</i>. Antibiotic-resistant gene analysis of the assembled genomes predicted <i>mecA</i> with 99.7% sequence identity, and phylogenetic analysis grouped our three <i>mecA</i> genes with the <i>mecA</i> allele from a methicillin-resistant strain of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Identifying microbial species known to harbour mobile antibiotic-resistant elements can provide greater depth of information about drinking water, an especially essential need in First Nation reserves where water quality too frequently is poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When an underestimated zoonosis and antimicrobial resistance collide: Corynebacterium ulcerans.","authors":"Giovanni Mori, Giulia Errico, Sara Giancristoforo, Donatella Visentin, Antonella Castagna, Laura Viel, Debora Dellamaria, Giovanni Lorenzin, Gaia Ortalli, Claudio Scarparo, Massimiliano Lanzafame","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000898.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000898.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the European region, diphtheria is now rarely suspected in patients presenting with upper respiratory tract symptoms. <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i> is the underestimated zoonosis that is replacing <i>C. diphtheria</i> infections in industrialized countries, but extensive human and animal prevalence studies are lacking. The range of hosts that can act as reservoirs for <i>C. ulcerans</i> is very broad, companion pets currently being the main source of human infection. We report a case of macrolide-resistant <i>C. ulcerans</i> infection with no apparent zoonotic transmission and outline the efforts required for the public and zooprophylactic management of these cases. We describe the main critical issues to be addressed to comprehensively tackle this zoonosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii lung mono-challenge models in mice using oropharyngeal aspiration.","authors":"Irene Jurado-Martín, Chaoying Ma, Nouran Rezk, Maite Sainz-Mejías, Yueran Hou, John A Baugh, Siobhán McClean","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000860.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000860.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> can cause potentially fatal infections in susceptible individuals, with respiratory tract infections among the most common clinical presentations. The development of novel treatments or prophylactic interventions to combat these infections is urgently needed and requires robust, reliable animal models for their preclinical evaluation. In particular, the bacterial burden needs to be accurately determined before and after administration of the potential therapy under evaluation to quantify the effectiveness of the treatment. We provide two reliable, non-invasive murine acute lung challenge models with either <i>P. aeruginosa</i> or <i>A. baumannii</i> using an oropharyngeal aspiration technique, which has been widely overlooked in studies testing vaccines or treatments for these pathogens. Here, we show that this non-surgical technique to deliver suspensions into mouse lungs does not significantly impact animal welfare (based on welfare monitoring and weight) and allows uniform bilateral distribution of the bacterial dose, resulting in even bioburden in both lungs. The optimal timepoint for humane killing and organ harvest was 24 h after challenge for both pathogens, and at least 4×10⁶ and 10⁷ c.f.u. per mouse were needed to obtain a reproducible <i>P. aeruginosa</i> or <i>A. baumannii</i> bioburden, respectively. These mouse challenge models offer a valuable tool to assess therapeutic interventions against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> or <i>A. baumannii</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}