Access microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Reducing Blood Culture Contamination Rates: Introduction of a Combined Education and Skin Antisepsis Intervention","authors":"Niamh Mullane, Niall O'Mara, Darragh Coffey, Aine Connolly, Isabelle O'Callaghan, Deborah Kelly, Deirdre Broderick, Caitriona Hickey","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000806.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000806.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Blood culture contamination (BCC) is an important quality concern in clinical microbiology as it can lead to unnecessary antimicrobial therapy in patients and increased workload for laboratory scientists. The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute recommend BCC rates to be <3 % and recently updated guidelines have set a new goal of 1 %. The aim of this project was to design and implement interventions to reduce BCC rates at our institution.\u0000 \u0000 Methods. We introduced a combined education and skin antisepsis intervention in a large Model 4 academic teaching hospital in the South of Ireland. BD ChloraPrep skin antisepsis applicators (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol), licensed for use for blood culture specimen collection, were introduced, replacing Clinell (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol) wipes. In addition, a multimodal education programme was designed and delivered. This consisted of a video demonstrating the recommended blood culture specimen collection technique using the new applicators as well as simulation training for all interns. The video was uploaded to the intranet as an educational resource available to all staff.\u0000 \u0000 Results. The interventions were implemented in July 2022 and BCC rates pre- and post-intervention were calculated. The average BCC rate for the 12 months preceding the intervention (July 2021 to July 2022) was 2.56 % with highest rates in the Emergency Department. This compared to an average rate of 2.2 % in the 12 months post-intervention (July 2022 to July 2023). In comparing the two rates the reduction in BCC rates between the two periods was not statistically significant (P=0.30).\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. Overall BCC rates reduced but the difference between the two periods did not reach statistical significance. The resource-intensive nature of providing regular and timely feedback of contamination rates and the larger impact of in-person education and training over virtual modalities may explain the modest reduction. Further investments in these areas, particularly in the Emergency Department, will be necessary to further reduce rates in line with new recommendations.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in a lung transplant patient: a case report","authors":"Ingrid Hoff, Eivind Rath, Slobodanka Pena-Karan, Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau, A. Holm, T. Thune, Tehmina Mustafa","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000763.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000763.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus which commonly causes infection during childhood, presenting as chickenpox. Later in life it may reactivate as herpes zoster. We report a rare manifestation of reactivation of VZV infection presenting as cutaneous vasculitis and varicella pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient.\u0000 \u0000 Case presentation. A 65-year-old man was lung transplanted bilaterally for emphysema and had repeated posttransplant chest infections and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nine months post-transplant he presented with dyspnoea and a cutaneous vasculitis-like eruption with a predilection over face, thorax and distal extremities. Initially, VZV reactivation was not suspected due to absence of the typical vesicular eruptions. The diagnosis was confirmed by VZV PCR from the swabs of the ulcer after skin punch biopsy of a lesion and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The histology of skin biopsy demonstrated epithelial damage and vascular damage but no typical epithelial virus associated changes. The patient responded to antiviral therapy with total remission of rash and VZV DNA was finally not detectable from repeated BAL after 29 days of therapy. However, the pulmonary radiological features and dyspnoea persisted due to reasons possibly unrelated to the VZV infection.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. Had it not been for the patient to mention the resemblance of the vasculitic rash with his primary VZV infection, the diagnosis would easily have been overlooked. In this case, the biopsy did not show typical histopathologic findings of VZV-vasculitis. What led the diagnosis was a PCR from the wound swab taken after the punch biopsy. This case serves as a reminder for atypical presentation of common conditions in immunosuppressed patients and that extensive diagnostic sampling may be warranted in this group.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico analysis of Ffp1, an ancestral Porphyromonas spp. fimbrillin, shows differences with Fim and Mfa","authors":"L. Acuña-Amador, F. Barloy-Hubler","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000771.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000771.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Scant information is available regarding fimbrillins within the genus Porphyromonas, with the notable exception of those belonging to Porphyromonas gingivalis, which have been extensively researched for several years. Besides fim and mfa, a third P. gingivalis adhesin called filament-forming protein 1 (Ffp1) has recently been described and seems to be pivotal for outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production.\u0000 \u0000 Objective. We aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of type V fimbrillin, particularly Ffp1, in the genus Porphyromonas.\u0000 \u0000 Methods. A bioinformatics phylogenomic analysis was conducted using all accessible Porphyromonas genomes to generate a domain search for fimbriae, using hidden Markov model profiles.\u0000 \u0000 Results. Ffp1 was identified as the sole fimbrillin present in all analysed genomes. After manual verification (i.e. biocuration) of both structural and functional annotations and 3D modelling, this protein was determined to be a type V fimbrillin, with a closer structural resemblance to a Bacteroides ovatus fimbrillin than to FimA or Mfa1 from P. gingivalis.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. It appears that Ffp1 is an ancestral fimbria, transmitted through vertical inheritance and present across all Porphyromonas species. Additional investigations are necessary to elucidate the biogenesis of Ffp1 fimbriae and their potential role in OMV production and niche adaptation.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"99 S7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effectiveness of commercially available mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 in vivo using viable virus titre as the primary outcome. A randomised controlled trial","authors":"D. Seymour, G. Forshaw, M. Porteous, D. Mawer, F. Wiggins, A. Mitchell, C. Hewitt, T. Beetar-King, K.A. Davies, D. Jackson, M.J. Hannah, M. Pitcher, U. Arnold, R. Strachan, M.J. Killip, P. Nixon","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000722.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000722.v3","url":null,"abstract":"This multi-arm, parallel group, single-blinded randomised controlled trial aimed to assess three commercially available mouthwashes effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This manuscript has been written in accordance with the CONSORT statement.\u0000 \u0000 Methods. Eligible participants were SARS-CoV-2 positive with a positive test in the last 72 h. All participants had mild to moderate symptoms and could provide five saliva samples over a 60 min period. Participants delivered a baseline saliva sample and then used a mouthwash as per manufacturer’s instructions. They provided further saliva samples at minute 1, 10, 30 and 60. Participants were randomised to one of four groups; OraWize+, Total Care Listerine, Cool Mint Listerine and water (control). The lab-based research team were blind to the intervention. The research question was: can SARS-CoV-2 be rendered inactive in saliva by using a mouthwash and how long does this effect last? The primary outcome was the amount of viable infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in the sample, compared to the baseline sample. The secondary outcome measure was the amount of genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the sample, measured via PCR testing.\u0000 \u0000 Results. In total 100 participants were recruited (25 per group). Eight participants did not receive the allocated intervention and did not have saliva samples collected. There were no adverse events. In total 42 of the 92 participants had viable virus which could be cultured at baseline. Statistical analysis of the primary outcome was not advised due to the reduced level of viable virus at baseline and the positive skewness present in the distribution of log10(titre) data. Observational data of the primary outcome measure is presented.\u0000 Analysis of the secondary outcome PCR measure showed that there was strong evidence for a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels compared to water for all mouthwashes after 1 min, OraWize+ −0.49 (−0.92, –0.05), p-value 0.029, Cool Mint Listerine −0.81 (−1.25, –0.38), p-value<0.001, Total Care Listerine −1.05 (−1.48, –0.62), p-value<0.001. For the remaining timepoints there was generally no evidence of virus level reduction compared to water although there is weak evidence for a decrease at ten minutes using Total Care Listerine −0.44 (−0.88, 0.01), p-value 0.053.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. The three mouthwashes included in this trial observationally demonstrated a reduction in virus titre level 1 min after use, with virus levels normalising up to 60 min compared to the control. Although an interesting observation, this result could not be statistically analysed. Using the secondary outcome PCR measure all three included mouthwashes reduced virus levels compared to water at 1 min and these results were statistically significant. Clinically this result does not support the use of the included mouthwashes to reduce SARS-CoV-2 levels in saliva.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"353 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hollow-fibre infection model: adaptations for the culture and assessment of fastidious organisms.","authors":"Andrew Mead, Stefano Azzariti, Ludovic Pelligand","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000744.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000744.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) is a valuable <i>in vitro</i> platform for emulating antimicrobial drug pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite its potential, standardized protocols for HFIM operation, especially concerning fastidious organisms, are lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining challenges in culturing <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> and <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i>, two fastidious organisms, in the HFIM. Our findings reveal effective strategies to prevent system clogging, involving multiple freeze-thaw cycles of horse blood, centrifugation and cell straining to enhance the clarity of the Mueller-Hinton fastidious medium defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Additionally, we propose that the provision of a CO₂ atmosphere, along with the utilization of gas-permeable tubing and gas vent filters, significantly facilitates the growth of fastidious organisms. Remarkably, both <i>P. multocida</i> and <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> were sustained for a period of up to 10 days under these optimized conditions. This study provides crucial insights into the modifications necessary to successfully culture fastidious organisms in the HFIM, paving the way for more accurate and representative <i>in vitro</i> models for antimicrobial drug testing. These advancements hold promise for advancing research in the field of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and efficacy against challenging pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising clindamycin resistance in group A Streptococcus in an Irish healthcare institution.","authors":"Susan Lapthorne, Robert McWade, Nuala Scanlon, Saoirse Ní Bhaoill, Aoife Page, Clare O'Donnell, Gabriela Dornikova, Margaret Hannan, Breda Lynch, Maureen Lynch, Deirdre Brady","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000772.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000772.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group A streptococcus (GAS) can cause serious invasive disease in humans with a high mortality rate. An increase in GAS infections was reported in Ireland in 2022, and this increase has been sustained in 2023 and is paralleled by similar trends in Europe. Rising antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and presents significant challenges to clinicians treating GAS infection. There was a reported increase in clindamycin resistance in GAS isolates in Ireland in 2022. We examined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of GAS isolates in our institution in 2022. Although all GAS isolates included in our study were susceptible to penicillin, we noted a high clindamycin resistance rate of 28 % in our invasive GAS isolates. We also noted high tetracycline and erythromycin resistance, 43 and 30 %, respectively. Our results could have implications for empiric antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for skin and soft tissue infections, which often include clindamycin as it inhibits the production of many virulence factors associated with GAS. In addition, macrolides are often the first line recommended antibiotic for patients with anaphylaxis to penicillin. This study emphasises the importance of continuous surveillance and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of invasive and non-invasive isolates in order to monitor trends in increasing antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and genomic features of a Listeria monocytogenes fatal case of meningitis in Madagascar.","authors":"Saïda Rasoanandrasana, Mamitina Alain Noah Rabenandrasana, Lucia Mélanie Ravaoharisoa, Narindra Randrianaivo, Vonintsoa Lalaina Rahajamanana, Zafindrasoa Domoina Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Alexandra Moura, Marc Lecuit, Andriamiadana Luc Rakotovao","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000764.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000764.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeriosis constitutes a significant public health threat due to its high mortality rate. This study investigates the microbiological and genomic characteristics of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> isolates in Madagascar, where listeriosis is a notifiable disease. The analysis focuses on a fatal case of meningeal listeriosis in a 12-year-old child. Genomic analysis revealed a novel cgMLST type (L2-SL8-ST8-CT11697; CC8, serogroup Iia) with typical virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. These isolates, unique to Madagascar, formed an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree. This study presents the first genomic characterization of Listeria isolates in Madagascar, highlighting the necessity of ongoing genomic surveillance to strengthen listeriosis prevention and control strategies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus associated with surgical site infections in Western Kenya reveals genomic hotspots for pathogen evolution.","authors":"Nyabera Nicholas Mogoi, Anthony Wawire Sifuna, Patrick Kirsteen Okoth, Oleg Reva, Rose Malaba, Ruth Negesa, Kuloba Peter Nyongesa, Kombo Ezra Osoro, Martin Welch","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000734.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000734.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the most common pathogens attributed to hospital infections. Although <i>S. aureus</i> infections have been well studied in developed countries, far less is known about the biology of the pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa. <b>Methods.</b> Here, we report on the isolation, antibiotic resistance profiling, whole genome sequencing, and genome comparison of six multi-drug resistant isolates of <i>S. aureus</i> obtained from a referral hospital in Kakamega, Western Kenya. <b>Results.</b> Five of the six isolates contained a 20.7 kb circular plasmid carrying <i>blaZ</i> (associated with resistance to β-lactam antibiotics). These five strains all belonged to the same sequence type, ST152. Despite the similarity of the plasmid in these isolates, whole genome sequencing revealed that the strains differed, depending on whether they were associated with hospital-acquired or community-acquired infections. <b>Conclusion.</b> The intriguing finding is that the hospital-acquired and the community-acquired isolates of <i>S. aureus</i> belonging to the same genotype, ST152, formed two separate sub-clusters in the phylogenetic tree and differed by the repertoire of accessory virulence genes. These data suggest ongoing adaptive evolution and significant genomic plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of bioactive compounds from low-cost agricultural resources and its utilization in daily life.","authors":"Anirban Debnath, Arpita Das","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000660.v4","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000660.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ethanolic (80 %), methanolic (80 %) and aqueous decoction (100 % distilled water) of whole plant of <i>Oxalis corniculata</i> Linn (Indian Sorrel) was evaluated for its anti-microbial and antioxidant properties by <i>in vitro</i> methods. Methanolic (80 %) and ethanolic (80 %) decoctions showed significant antibacterial property against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli,</i> and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> bacterial strains. In comparison to Chloramphenicol (C30) against bacteria, 80 % ethanolic decoctions showed significant effect, among the decoctions. Nowadays though the standard soap is in huge demand but it's also facing major backlash due to the presence of synthetic compounds in it, which over long use may cause harmful effects on the skin health. Therefore, the organic soaps which are made up of natural ingredients, herbs or any sort Ayurvedic compound have fewer side effects on the human skin and are much safer than standard daily soap. The formulated therapeutic soap exhibits a significant amount of reducing potential (high FRAP and TAC values) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS assay).</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between blood group (ABO) and risk of COVID-19 infection in a patient cohort in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Asal Fathollahi, Haniyeh Bashizadeh Fakhar, Babak Shaghaghi","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000544.v5","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.000544.v5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and purpose.</b> Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious disease causing severe acute respiratory syndrome which had a catastrophic effect on the world population and resulted in more than 2.9 million deaths worldwide. Epidemiological investigations have recently announced blood type has an association with the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Consequently, research in this regard can be effective in determining a person's susceptibility to a viral infection. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between blood types and the risk of COVID-19 in patients admitted to Khorshid laboratory, Tehran, Iran. <b>Materials and methods.</b> From January to March 2020, 50 nasal and throat swapb samples of patients' secretions were obtained from patients who were admitted to Khorshid laboratory. They were confirmed to have COVID-19 virus RNA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ABI, and their blood type was determined simultaneously. After collecting data to determine the relationship between COVID-19 infection and blood type, a confidence interval of 90 % was considered using SPSS 16. <b>Results.</b> The mean age of the patients was measured at 38.4±6.3 years. According to PCR results, 100 % of the subjects with COVID-19 showed blood type A. In addition, the ratio of blood type A to the percentage of reference type O was higher (<i>P</i>=0.009). <b>Conclusion.</b> There was a significant relationship between ABO blood type and susceptibility to COVID-19. As the current study suggests, those with blood type A are at a higher COVID-19 infection risk than those with blood type O.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}