Access microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Significant gaps in practice present despite higher levels of public awareness in antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in the western province of Sri Lanka.","authors":"Conganige Hiranya Hansali Anthony, Anne Sithuvili Hettiarachchige Done, Hettige Kaveesha Sandani Dinudya, Dinushi Tennakoon, Lakshika Lagoshan, Hiripitiyage Gayan Danushka Gunatilake","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000945.v5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000945.v5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Antibiotic misuse, influenced by urbanization and limited healthcare access, has accelerated antibiotic resistance, impacting global health. Surveillance in Sri Lanka's National Strategic Plan for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (2017-2022) shows significant multidrug resistance in hospitals, with 12.7% of the health budget (3.3 billion) spent on antimicrobials. This resistance complicates treatment and increases patient management costs, particularly in the Western Province, a focal area for analysing antibiotic misuse. <b>Objectives.</b> To assess public awareness of antibiotic misuse and antimicrobial resistance in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. <b>Methodology.</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adults in the Western Province from 23 December 2023 to 16 January 2024, using in-person interviews and a Google form questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyse the data, and a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) knowledge among participants. The model included sociodemographic, behavioural and awareness-related variables, with statistical significance set at <i>P</i><0.05. <b>Results.</b> Of the respondents, 83% knew antibiotics combat bacterial infections, while 71.5% adhered to completing antibiotic courses. However, 28.5% opposed doing so, with 65.5% stopping antibiotics once they felt better. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 60.5% recognized the term, and 61% acknowledged that unnecessary antibiotic use could increase bacterial resistance. Participants from the Kalutara District had nearly nine times more good AMR knowledge (AOR=9.10, <i>P</i>=0.005), while those earning LKR 20,000-75,000 had almost 11 times more good knowledge (AOR=11.10, <i>P</i>=0.033) and those who followed the advice of a health professional had even more knowledge (AOR=851.08, <i>P</i>=0.016). Poor knowledge was observed from the rural population (AOR=0.15, <i>P</i>=0.006) and those who had ever been infected (AOR=0.21, <i>P</i>=0.023). Good knowledge was also present among those who had been divorced or widowed (AOR=12.21, <i>P</i>=0.029), had used antibiotics privately and without prescriptions (AOR=4.67, <i>P</i>=0.027) or who had heard of AMR but could not remember the source (AOR=51.60, <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusion.</b> Most participants understood antibiotics' role, though gaps in correct use and awareness of misuse consequences persisted. While there was a positive attitude towards antimicrobial resistance, further educational efforts are essential to address knowledge gaps, as recent studies show high resistance levels and limited progress in awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption secondary to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a 19-year-old: a case report.","authors":"Cole Schonhofer, Divya Santhanam, Jollee S T Fung, Natasha Press","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001160.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001160.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) is a phenomenon that occurs predominantly in children and young adults following a bacterial or viral respiratory infection. RIME is most associated with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and generally presents with extensive mucosal and limited cutaneous involvement. Less commonly, infection with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> can trigger cutaneous eruptions but seldom leads to isolated mucosal involvement. Here, we describe a rare case of RIME mucositis secondary to <i>C. pneumoniae</i> respiratory infection. <b>Case report.</b> An otherwise healthy 19-year-old male presented with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, dysuria and oral mucositis with ulceration preventing food intake. <i>C. pneumoniae</i> was detected on a nasopharyngeal swab by a commercial multiplex PCR (BioFire Respiratory 2.1 Panel), while a broad workup of alternative infectious and autoimmune causes was unremarkable. Despite supportive care, antibiotics and initial steroid treatment, his mucositis necessitated hospital admission and eventually steroid regimen intensification before fully resolving. <b>Conclusion.</b> While rare, <i>C. pneumoniae</i> should be considered as a possible trigger of RIME in adolescents and young adults. Multiplex PCR assays capable of detecting atypical pneumonia pathogens such as <i>C. pneumoniae</i> and <i>M. pneumoniae</i> can assist in diagnosing patients presenting with RIME-compatible symptoms. Treatment involves supportive care, antibiotics and steroids if mucositis is severe. Steroid escalation may be beneficial in patients with slow-resolving mucositis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease complex in samples collected from Albanian cattle during 2022/2023.","authors":"Tristan Russell, Majlind Sulçe, Anila Hoda, Xhelil Koleci, Gerald Barry","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001053.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001053.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bovine respiratory disease complex causes significant morbidity and mortality with numerous aetiological agents known to contribute to its development, including several bacteria and viruses. In Albania, there is limited information on the prevalence or genetic makeup of viral bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens, which limits mitigation strategies and effective responses such as targeted vaccination against circulating viruses. Nasal or pulmonary samples were collected from cattle in 2022/2023, and then, PCR of bovine <i>Betacoronavirus gravedinis</i> (BoCoV) and <i>Orthopneumovirus bovis</i> (BRSV) was used to determine their prevalence in Albanian cattle with or without respiratory symptoms. From 105 cattle that were tested, 5 animals tested positive for BoCoV only, 5 animals tested positive for BRSV only and 1 animal tested positive for both BoCoV and BRSV. Four of the eleven positive animals had respiratory symptoms accounting for 8.3% of all symptomatic animals tested. There was an increased prevalence of viruses detected in animals sampled in farms or slaughterhouses within or neighbouring the region of Tiranë compared to other locations. Sequencing of genes encoding the surface proteins enabled phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of Albanian isolates. BoCoV spike and haemagglutinin esterase sequences sat in the European clade, with the spike sequences split across three lineages. BRSV isolates were either in subgroup II, with many other European isolates, or subgroup VIII with several Croatian isolates. This study has shown that BoCoV and BRSV were not highly prevalent in cattle with respiratory symptoms in Albania at the time of sampling. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the detected pathogens are closely related to isolates from other European countries, and there have been multiple introductions of each.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of bacterial raw milk community members in chlorate reduction.","authors":"Meghana Srinivas, Orla O'Sullivan, Paul D Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen, John G Kenny","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001088.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001088.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorine-based detergents, used in the dairy industry for cleaning, often degrade into chlorate, contaminating milk and dairy products. Consumption of chlorate has been linked to thyroid dysfunction in adults and impaired neurological development in infants. Despite the ban on chlorine-based detergents in Ireland since 2021, chlorate contamination remains a problem in the dairy supply chain. A recent study identified chlorate-reducing bacteria naturally present in raw milk, highlighting their potential for mitigating chlorate. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to determine the effects of chlorate concentration and incubation conditions on the raw milk microbiome, specifically focusing on chlorate-reducing bacteria within the community. Chlorate-spiked milk samples from different farms showed reductions in chlorate levels over time, from day 10 onwards when stored at 4 °C and after 24 h when incubated at 25 °C. <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Lactococcus</i> were observed as the most dominant taxa in raw milk samples stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. High abundances of <i>ydeP</i> and <i>narG</i> genes were observed for 4 °C samples and were attributed to <i>Pseudomonas</i> and various low-abundance genera, respectively. High abundances of the <i>napA</i> gene were noted in 25 °C samples and were attributed to the <i>Lactococcus</i> genus. Overall, this study highlights the presence of naturally occurring chlorate-reducing bacteria as part of the raw milk microbiome and identifies multiple genes linked to various pathways potentially involved in chlorate reduction. Furthermore, incomplete pathways potentially involved in chlorate reduction were found, suggesting metabolic cross-feeding and underscoring the community roles bacteria play in chlorate reduction in raw milk. Additionally, a few previously uncharacterized genes, such as <i>ydeP</i>, belonging to the DMSO reductase gene family were identified at high abundances in samples that showed chlorate reduction, emphasizing the need for further biochemical characterization of these genes to better understand the pathways involved in chlorate reduction in milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student preferences for microbiology laboratory teaching approaches in a problem-based learning curriculum.","authors":"Ronni Mol Joji, Archana Prabu Kumar, Amer Almarabheh, Abdulrahman Yusuf Ismaeel, Khalid Bindayna, Eman Farid, Mohd Shadab, Ali Al Mahmeed, Mohammad Shahid","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001180.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001180.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Microbiology is a mandatory component in all medical schools. The microbiology lab sessions at Arabian Gulf University focus on students' ability to demonstrate pre-identified laboratory competencies and relate laboratory data with clinical scenarios. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among undergraduates to know the preferences with respect to delivery methods for optimally facilitating learning for each laboratory session. <b>Methods.</b> The participants were year 3 and 4 medical students who were engaged in microbiology laboratory instruction as part of their undergraduate medical education. All the participants were asked to complete the structured and validated survey (Google Forms). Descriptive statistics were used to examine the demographic characteristics of the participants and their responses to the scale items. <b>Results.</b> Among 168 student responses, the majority preferred a blended mode of learning of lab sessions across all the 3 years. The preferences appeared to align with the lab objectives. Students preferred theoretical aspects, and case discussions could be delivered online while the skill-based sessions may be conducted face-to-face. <b>Conclusion.</b> The overall trend indicated that students valued the flexibility of blended learning while recognizing the importance of in-person sessions for achieving laboratory competencies and clinical application skills. These findings will support future research in evaluating various delivery methods and contribute to the advancement of high-quality microbiology education.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential use of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) extract as a natural antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli in lightly pickled vegetables.","authors":"Satoko Miya","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001073.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001073.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lightly pickled vegetables have gained popularity as a healthier alternative to traditional high-salt pickles; however, their low salt content increases the risk of foodborne pathogen proliferation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Chinese chive extract (CCE) against <i>Escherichia coli</i> using culture media and lightly pickled napa cabbage as model systems. The results revealed that CCE exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on <i>E. coli</i> growth. On agar media, ≥3% CCE completely suppressed colony formation. In broth media, ≥3% CCE clearly inhibited <i>E. coli</i> proliferation at both 10 and 35 °C. Furthermore, in lightly pickled cabbage treated with CCE, the growth of coliform and total aerobic bacteria was significantly suppressed at both refrigeration and ambient temperatures. Thus, CCE could serve as a promising natural antimicrobial agent in the production of lightly pickled vegetables, offering a strategy to potentially enhance food safety, independent of synthetic food additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution trends among inducible AmpC-producing Enterobacterales at a regional health authority in British Columbia: a 5-year retrospective review.","authors":"Calvin Ka-Fung Lo, Ahmad Aloufi, Geneviève Amaral, Hasan Hamze, Stephanie May, Jennifer M Grant, Victor Tsun Ho Yuen","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001122.v3","DOIUrl":"10.1099/acmi.0.001122.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Existing literature supports using cefepime as a carbapenem-sparing agent to treat AmpC-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> infections. To characterize existing susceptibility trends, we conducted a 5-year retrospective study assessing MIC distributions for ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem across Vancouver Island Health Authority (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada). <b>Methods.</b> MIC data for AmpC isolates between November 2019 and October 2024 were retrieved (BD EpiCenter™). Blood cultures, invasive specimens, urine and miscellaneous samples (e.g. respiratory and wounds) were included; we excluded surveillance specimens. MIC values were interpreted based upon CLSI M100-E34 breakpoints (Table 2a-1). Descriptive statistics were computed and compared between moderate-risk AmpC (MRAC) inducers versus low-risk AmpC (LRAC) inducers. <b>Results.</b> A total of 5,631 isolates were analysed, with 3,778 (67.1%) identified as MRAC. Across all organisms, susceptibility rates for ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime and meropenem were 82.0%, 87.0%, 95.4% and 98.7%, respectively. Compared to LRAC, MRAC organisms demonstrated lower susceptibility to ceftriaxone (76.0% versus 94.2%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (81.3% versus 98.6%). Cefepime and meropenem demonstrated similar susceptibility rates between LRAC and MRAC. MIC₉₀ for cefepime was 1 µg ml^-1 for all species except <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (MIC₉₀ 4 µg ml^-1). <b>Conclusion</b> <b>.</b> Between 2019 and 2024, 95.4% of our isolates demonstrated susceptibility to cefepime within our local health authority. Further research will correlate patient outcomes and establish MIC thresholds to guide routine testing and clinical use of cefepime.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the lipoproteome of Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius.","authors":"Mingailė Jackson, Pawel Palmowski, Andrew Porter, Paul B C James, Iain C Sutcliffe","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001170.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001170.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius</i> is a thermophilic endospore-forming <i>Bacillales</i> of considerable biotechnological interest. Bacterial lipoproteins are a significant class of cell envelope components, influencing multiple aspects of the interactions of bacteria with their environments. We have therefore used a bioinformatic approach to identify the lipoproteins encoded in the <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> DSM 2542 type strain genome. Eighty-nine putative lipoproteins were found, representing ~2.3% of the <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> reference proteome; 84% (75) of these were also found in the predicted proteome of <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> strain Y4.1MC1. Just over half of the 89 putative lipoproteins are predicted to be substrate-binding proteins in ATP-binding cassette importer systems; others function in signalling pathways, protein translocation, redox processes, including the respiratory chain, and as enzymes. At least 10 lipoproteins are predicted to be involved in <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> spore cycle, whilst 15 are lipoproteins of unknown function. Proteomic analysis of <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> grown to exponential phase in Lysogeny Broth medium detected the expression of nearly 60% (52 out of 89) of the predicted lipoproteome, with the notable exception of those functionally linked to sporulation. These data contribute to the understanding of the <i>P. thermoglucosidasius</i> cell envelope and so should be of use to those studying the physiology, metabolism and biotechnological utility of this bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft genome sequences of four Rhizobium spp. isolates, including one potential new species, from tropical legume plants in Costa Rica.","authors":"Donifer Campos-Parra, Andres Blanco-Picado, Jimena Herrera-Quesada, Bradd Mendoza-Guido, Keilor Rojas-Jimenez","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001012.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001012.v3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the draft genomes of four strains of <i>Rhizobium</i> isolated from root nodules of <i>Cojoba arborea</i>, <i>Lonchocarpus felipei</i>, <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and <i>Calliandra haematocephala</i> in Costa Rica. Through comparative genomics, including the estimation of the average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and phylogenomic analysis, we determined that <i>Rhizobium</i> sp<i>.</i> LEGMi-135b represents a potentially novel species near <i>Rhizobium hainanense</i> (ANI: 94%; dDDH: 53.2%). The strain LEGMi-12c was associated with <i>R. hainanense</i> (ANI: 98%; dDDH: 87%), strain LEGMi-166a to <i>Rhizobium altiplani</i> (ANI: 100%; dDDH: 99.3%) and strain LEGMi-198b was related to <i>Rhizobium cerradonense</i> (ANI: 98%; dDDH: 81.4%). Using functional annotation tools, we also determined <i>in silico</i> the presence of genes related to nodulation and nitrogen fixation, such as <i>fix</i>, <i>nif</i>, <i>nod</i>, <i>nol</i> and <i>ntr</i>, in each strain. With this work, we provide valuable genomic resources of the genus <i>Rhizobium</i> that will be useful for future studies on rhizobial taxonomy, symbiosis and ecology in tropical ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13046423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression profiles of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 and Interleukin-1 beta in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls after severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 infection or vaccination.","authors":"Maryam Hassan Sanguor, Hatham W Atwan, Saad Waheed Mihan Alsulaitti, Iman Hussein Rabeeah, Zeenah W Atwan","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.001046.v4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.001046.v4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably leads to long-term symptoms, including immune system complications. Recent publications have reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or, sometimes, vaccination against it may trigger autoimmune responses in vulnerable cohorts. <b>Purpose of the research.</b> To investigate the differences in the expression of the Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF-1) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) genes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. <b>Methods.</b> Blood samples were collected from 61 patients diagnosed with RA post COVID-19 Rheumatoid arthritis patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection (RAI), and 40 controls (C) who had experienced at least one COVID-19 infection. RNA was extracted and used to prepare cDNA from each sample and was then used to analyse the expression of PTPN22, TRAF-1 and IL-1β using relative gene expression. <b>Results.</b> The study covered all 61 patients; 17 had been vaccinated without prior COVID-19 infection Rheumatoid arthritis patients after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (RAV), while 44 were diagnosed with RA after recovery from COVID-19 (RAI). A statistically significant decrease in the gene expression of TRAF-1 was observed in both RAI and (RAV) patients compared with the C group (<i>P</i>=0.042). A consistently significant increase in gene expression of IL-1β was observed in both RAI and RAV samples compared with controls. However, the reduction in PTPN22 expression was not statistically significant. <b>Conclusion.</b> In this study, TRAF-1 was significantly downregulated, but IL-1β was upregulated in patients with RA post either COVID-19 infection or vaccination, while PTPN22 showed a non-significant reduction. The study findings suggest that triggered immune response post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, through infection or vaccination, may influence molecular pathways involved in RA pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13046424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}