Cancer Causes & Control最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Cancer Surgery and Healthcare Delivery: A Review of Environmental and Surgical Challenges.","authors":"Shaneeta Johnson, Timia' Sims, Evangeline Obichere, Jacqueline McWhorter, Jennifer Edwards, Ashley Lewis, Hadiyah-Nicole Green","doi":"10.1007/s10552-025-01999-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-01999-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>More than 10 million annual global cancer deaths are exacerbated by the impact of climate change and environmental determinants of health. This brief report provides a summary of and mitigating recommendations for the complex intersection between climate change and surgical cancer care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of scientific literature from the last 10 years was conducted to assess the current impact of climate change on cancer care with a focus on surgical interventions. Studies with an impact score of 6 or higher and the keywords of climate change, extreme weather, cancer care, and surgery were reviewed. After removing duplicates and excluded studies, 30 studies remained and were reviewed by two reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Climate-related factors impacting surgical care result in a myriad of healthcare impacts, including disruption of services, impact on patient outcomes and survival, as well as an overburdening of hospital and surgical services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Climate change, including extreme weather events, threatens cancer surgical care and delivery by exacerbating comorbidities, disrupting healthcare systems, and increasing disparities in cancer care. Climate change is a burgeoning threat to global health, cancer care, patients, and communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"de novo metastases in patients with primary colorectal cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis.","authors":"Nicole C Loroña, Kamya Sankar, Mariana C Stern, Stephanie L Schmit, Jane C Figueiredo","doi":"10.1007/s10552-025-02002-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-02002-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nearly one-quarter of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases present with de novo metastatic disease (stage IV) at diagnosis. Some metastatic sites confer poorer prognosis, and emerging data suggests that individuals from certain racial and ethnic populations may be at higher risk for de novo metastases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 181,083 CRC cases aged 20-84 between 2010 and 2020 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Two outcomes were analyzed: metastatic site (liver, lung, bone, brain) and metastatic pattern (liver only, lung only, liver and lung, other). We used logistic and multinomial logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the associations between race and ethnicity and metastatic site and metastatic pattern, respectively, among early-onset (age < 50), screen-eligible (age 50-74), and elderly populations (age 75-84).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>43,054 de novo metastatic CRC cases were identified over the 10-year period. Liver was the most common metastatic site (80%). Non-Hispanic Black patients had higher odds of synchronous lung and liver metastases compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients (early-onset patients: OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.61; screen-eligible patients: OR:1.42, 95% CI 1.29-1.55; elderly patients: OR:1.66, 95% CI 1.34-2.05). Early-onset American Indian/Alaska Native patients were over twice as likely to present with lung metastases (OR: 2.10, 95% CI 1.11-3.98) compared to NHW patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presentation and patterns of de novo metastatic CRC differed across populations and age groups. Characterizing de novo metastatic CRC provides a unique opportunity to study cancer spread in treatment-naïve individuals and to identify patients at greater risk of metastases associated with poorer prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recipe for a disaster: food, climate change, and cancer.","authors":"Leticia M Nogueira, Rand Sakka, Christine Jovanovic","doi":"10.1007/s10552-025-01996-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-01996-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change impacts each step of the cancer control continuum, from prevention to survivorship. Importantly, several human activities driving greenhouse gas emissions also impact cancer risk and outcomes. Therefore, there is significant overlap between climate and cancer control solutions. This article describes the connection between the current food system, climate change, and cancer; one realm of human activities with enormous potential for modifications and implementation of win-win solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging existing cohort studies of Mexican women to better understand Hispanic health and cancer risk.","authors":"Dalia Stern, Liliana Gomez-Flores-Ramos, Britton Trabert, V Wendy Setiawan, Loïc Le Marchand, Henry Gomez, Paul A Scheet, Humberto Parada, Amber Pirzada, Martin Lajous, Leslie V Farland","doi":"10.1007/s10552-025-02000-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-02000-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hispanics have been historically underrepresented in epidemiologic cancer research. Existing cohort studies focused on recruiting Hispanic participants have been relatively small, making studying cancer outcomes challenging. Therefore, we aimed to compare the distribution of cancer risk factors among Hispanic women of Mexican heritage (HWMH) participating in existing cohorts to explore the possibility of future data pooling efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used baseline data of HWMH from three US-based studies, the Mexican American Cohort (MAC; n = 19,797; 2001-2017), the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC; n = 18,007; 1993-1996), and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; n = 4,022; 2008-2011), and one study from Mexico, the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC; n = 115,275; 2006-2008).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in MEC (59.5y) were older on average than MAC (40.9y), HCHS/SOL (45.5y), and MTC (42.6y) at enrollment. Most MAC (77.6%) and HCHS/SOL (85.4%) participants spoke Spanish as their primary language. Age at menarche (12.5-13.1y), age at menopause (45.8-47.9y), and smoking prevalence (~ 10%) was similar across studies. Parity was higher in MAC (3.8) and MEC (4.1) compared to HCHS/SOL (3.2) and MTC (2.5). Ever use of oral contraceptives was more frequent in HCHS/SOL (63.5%) compared to MTC (45.6%), MAC (37.9%), and MEC (35.2%). Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension were more common in the US cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comparative study demonstrates the ability to harmonize data and provide information for future pooling projects across cohorts to evaluate cancer outcomes. Similarities and differences in characteristics across cohorts can be leveraged to better understand health disparities in HWMH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statin use after cancer diagnosis and survival among patients with cancer.","authors":"Hanbing Guo, Kathleen E Malone, Susan R Heckbert, Christopher I Li","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01939-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01939-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The association between statin use and cancer survival has been investigated in previous studies with conflicting findings. This study aimed to assess the association between statin use following cancer diagnosis and survival in six common cancers using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged ≥ 66 years diagnosed with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from 2008 through 2017 were identified. Statin use was defined as two or more statin prescription fills after cancer diagnosis. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the association between statin use and cancer-specific mortality for each cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 34,618 patients with prostate cancer (median follow-up 4.0 years), 20,579 with colorectal cancer (2.9 years), 20,133 with lung cancer (1.7 years), 6,163 with bladder cancer (2.1 years), 4,538 with pancreatic cancer (0.8 years), and 3,270 with NHL (2.9 years). Statin use post-diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk of cancer-specific mortality in lung cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.88) and pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87). The association was not statistically significant for prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, or NHL. A dose-response relationship by duration of statin use was observed in lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Statin use after cancer diagnosis appears associated with improved survival in lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Clinical trials of statin therapy in lung and pancreatic cancer patients are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"443-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer history and accelerated aging: findings from a nationally representative sample in the US.","authors":"Xuesong Han, Margaret Katana Ogongo, Feng Tian, Jingxuan Zhao, Zhiyuan Zheng, Zuyun Liu, K Robin Yabroff","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01941-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01941-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cancer and its treatments may accelerate the aging process. However, accelerated aging among cancer survivors is not well understood. This study examines accelerated aging among adults with and without a cancer history in a nationally representative sample and identifies health-related social needs and behavioral factors associated with accelerated aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 11,432 adults aged 20-84 years from the 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 728 cancer survivors. Accelerated aging was measured by validated Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) based on clinical chemistry biomarkers. We described accelerated aging by cancer history, demographics, health-related social needs, and health behaviors, and utilized weighted linear regression to assess their associations with accelerated aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of the sample were < 65 years old (n = 8,800, weighted percentage = 84.8%), female (n = 5,856, 50.8%), and non-Hispanic White (n = 5,709, 71.7%). Cancer survivors experienced an average of 0.14 (95% CI 0.03, 0.24) years of accelerated aging measured by PhenoAgeAccel. Individuals who were male, unmarried, less educated, with lower-income, or with 3 or more medical conditions also had accelerated aging regardless of cancer history. Moreover, health-related social needs in food insecurity, unemployment, health insurance and coverage continuity as well as obesity and smoking were associated with accelerated aging in both cancer survivors and individuals without a cancer history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong> Cancer survivors experience accelerated aging in the US. Addressing health-related social needs and promoting healthy behaviors in care delivery may advance healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial patterns of colorectal cancer survival rates in Malaysia, 2013-2018.","authors":"Siti Ramizah Ramli, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Sukumaran Raman, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Mariam Mohamad","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01945-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01945-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large geographical variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates have been reported across regions. Poorer survival rates were mainly found in socioeconomically deprived areas, highly dense areas, and areas lacking healthcare accessibility. The objective of this study was to identify, compare, and contrast the spatial patterns of 5-year CRC-specific survival rates and identify high-priority areas by districts in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study utilized secondary data from the National Cancer Registry. CRC patients (ICD10 C18-21) diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 were selected. Patient addresses were geocoded into districts and states via geospatial data from the National Geospatial Centre, whereas district population density data were gathered from the Population Census of Malaysia. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were conducted to determine and compare the 5-year CRC-specific survival rates, and the spatial distribution of CRC survival by district was determined via ArcGIS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18,513 CRC patients were registered from 143 districts, with 10,819 deaths occurring during follow-up. The national 5-year CRC-specific survival rate was 42%, with median survival time of 36 months (95% CI: 34.46, 37.54). The eastern region (Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang) had the lowest survival (38.0%). Among the 143 districts, eighty-one (56.6%) reported survival rates below the national average while thirty-six (25.2%) were identified as high-priority districts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differences in CRC survival rates were evident according to geographical location. Area-based targeted interventions to improve CRC detection, management, and access to healthcare are imperative to address cancer survival disparities and help effectively allocate resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"389-397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the link between language barriers and cancer risk.","authors":"Eman A Toraih, Mohammad H Hussein, Manal S Malik, Alaa N Malik, Emad Kandil, Manal S Fawzy","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01946-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01946-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clear patient communication with the physician is an integral aspect of cancer treatment and successful health outcomes. Previous research has shown improved cancer screening in cases of patient navigator assistance to limited English proficient patients, but no research has analyzed the relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using state-level data from the United States Census Bureau and the National Cancer Institute, we analyzed the correlations between language isolation and age-adjusted incidence rates across 19 different invasive cancers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A complex relationship between language isolation and cancer incidence rates was found. States such as California, New York, Texas, and New Jersey show high language isolate prevalence and elevated cancer incidence rates. Cancer subtype incidence rates varied between states, indicating the multifactorial importance of lifestyle, genetics, and environment in cancer. California had the highest language isolation ranking of 8.5% and elevated rates of ovarian (10.4/100,000) and stomach (9.1/100,000) cancers. New York, with the second-highest language isolation ranking of 7.6%, manifests a pronounced prevalence of ovarian (11.3/100,000) and stomach (10.9/100,000) cancers. Overall, positive correlations were observed between language isolation and ovarian/stomach cancers, while negative correlations were found with lung, kidney, melanoma, and colorectal cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the need to address language barriers and other social determinants of health in cancer prevention/control. Targeted interventions, such as culturally appropriate education, increased access to linguistically and culturally appropriate cancer screening, and language lessons, are crucial in improving health outcomes in linguistically diverse communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11982091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of smokeless tobacco on cancer incidence and mortality: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zin Wai Htay, Aliza K C Bhandari, Rokshana Parvin, Sarah Krull Abe","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01933-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01933-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption remains high despite policies on reduction interventions. This study aims to quantify the associations between smokeless tobacco use with cancer incidence and mortality globally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and PROSPERO protocol (ID: CRD42023390468). A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering the period from January 1, 2000, to February 28, 2023. We included peer-reviewed observational studies, specifically case-control and cohort studies, where smokeless tobacco use was the primary exposure and cancer incidence, or mortality were the main outcomes. Three independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and extracted data from the included studies. Risk of bias was assessed by the same three reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion with a fourth reviewer. We performed random-effects meta-analyses and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias to ensure the robustness of our findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3,611 articles identified, 80 were included in the final analysis. Increased risks were observed for cancer mortality [Risk Ratio (RR) 1.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.22-1.56] and incidence [RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27]. The specific cancer sites with increased mortality risk included head and neck cancers, as well as stomach cancer. For cancer incidence, associations were observed with head and neck, oral, esophageal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. Significant heterogeneity (I² statistic 65% to 90%) was observed among most cancer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found significant associations between smokeless tobacco use and cancer incidence and mortality. Targeted policy interventions, such as stricter regulations on smokeless tobacco use, are recommended to reduce its consumption and mitigate the associated cancer risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"321-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misclassification of second primary and recurrent breast cancer in the surveillance epidemiology and end results registry.","authors":"Sarah C Van Alsten, Isaiah Zipple, Benjamin C Calhoun, Melissa A Troester","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01944-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01944-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry incorporates laterality, histology, latency, and topography to identify second primary breast cancers. Contralateral tumors are classified as second primaries, but ipsilaterals are subject to additional inclusion criteria that increase specificity but may induce biases. It is important to understand how classification methods affect accuracy of second tumor classification. We collected estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER, PR, Her2) status for 11,838 contralateral and 5,371 ipsilateral metachronous secondary tumors and estimated concordance odds ratios (cORs) to evaluate receptor dependence (the tendency for tumors to share receptor status) by laterality. If only second primaries are included, receptor dependence should be similar for contralateral and ipsilateral tumors. Thus, we compared ratios of cORs as a measure of inaccuracy. Cases who met ipsilateral second primary criteria were younger and had less aggressive primary tumor characteristics compared to contralateral tumors. Time to secondary tumors was (by definition) longer for ipsilaterals than contralaterals, especially among ER + primaries. Overall and in multiple strata, ipsilateral tumors showed higher receptor dependence than contralateral tumors (ratios of cORs > 1), suggesting some SEER-included ipsilaterals are recurrences. SEER multiple primary criteria increase specificity, but remain inaccurate and may lack sensitivity. The dearth of early occurring ipsilateral tumors (by definition), coupled with high observed receptor dependence among ipsilaterals, suggests important inaccuracies. Datasets that allow comparison of pathologist- and SEER-classification to true multi-marker genomic dependence are needed to understand inaccuracies induced by SEER definitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"421-432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}