Ghana medical journal最新文献_第2页

Sexual behaviours and contraceptive use among undergraduates in a Nigerian University. 尼日利亚一所大学本科生的性行为和避孕药具使用情况。

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.5

Olufunmilola O. Abolurin, Oluwabusola A. Akinbajo, Olusoji J. Daniel, Adesola O. Adekoya, Akinkunmi E. Akinbajo, Abiola O. Adekoya

{"title":"Sexual behaviours and contraceptive use among undergraduates in a Nigerian University.","authors":"Olufunmilola O. Abolurin, Oluwabusola A. Akinbajo, Olusoji J. Daniel, Adesola O. Adekoya, Akinkunmi E. Akinbajo, Abiola O. Adekoya","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was conducted to describe the sexual behaviours and contraceptive use, as well as factors associated with being engaged in sex among Nigerian undergraduates.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was conducted in a university of education in Ogun State, Nigeria.Participants: Four hundred undergraduates were selected sequentially through a stratified sampling method.Main outcome measures: Being sexually active, multiple sexual partners, and contraceptive use.Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 16 to 24 years. Nearly two-thirds (65.5%) were females. About a quarter of them (24.5%) were using psychoactive substance(s). More than two-fifths (44.5%) of them had engaged in sexual intercourse, of which 36% had a history of multiple sexual partners. The mean age at sexual debut was 18.7 ± 2.7 years, significantly lower among males than females (p <0.001). About half (218; 54.5%) of the students were cognisant of contraceptives, and 39.3% of sexually active participants had used contraceptives at some time, with condoms being the most commonly used. Male sex (p = 0.042), older age (p <0.001), higher monthly allowance (p = 0.025), and substance abuse (p <0.001) were factors that made undergraduates more likely to have engaged in sex.Conclusion: Engagement in sexual activity and unsafe sex were common practices among the Nigerian undergraduates studied. It is recommended that deliberate efforts be made to increase contraceptive awareness and usage.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"51 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helicopter research: A persistent drawback to equitable collaborative research 直升机研究：公平合作研究的顽疾

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.1

Samuel Blay Nguah, Margaret Lartey

引用次数: 0

Recurrent ischemic stroke post-thrombolysis in an older Ghanaian woman 一名加纳老年妇女溶栓后复发缺血性中风

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.9

Kwadwo F. Gyan, Priscilla A. Opare-Addo, Moses Siaw-Frimpong, Kwasi Ankomah, Fred S. Sarfo

{"title":"Recurrent ischemic stroke post-thrombolysis in an older Ghanaian woman","authors":"Kwadwo F. Gyan, Priscilla A. Opare-Addo, Moses Siaw-Frimpong, Kwasi Ankomah, Fred S. Sarfo","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Acute ischemic stroke management has evolved through several paradigms. Currently, thrombolysis is recommended for patients who present within 4.5 hours of acute ischemic stroke. Early neurological deterioration post-thrombolysis, however, may occur through several mechanisms. We report a case of a 66-year-old Ghanaian woman with multiple co-morbidities who presented with sudden onset right-sided weakness and aphasia of 2 hours duration. A diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was made based on clinical examination and a computerised tomography scan of the brain. She underwent successful thrombolysis with recovery of full neurological function. She, however, developed a second ischemic stroke within 72 hours, with the likely aetiology being large vessel occlusion. This was subsequently managed conservatively. Extensive evaluation and control of specific stroke aetiologies is required for the prevention of stroke recurrence post thrombolysis. Also, the establishment of comprehensive stroke centres which provide neurovascular interventions in sub-Saharan Africa can help reduce stroke mortality and morbidity in eligible patients.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with dual sensory impairment in older persons attending the Geriatric Centre in Southwest Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部老年医学中心就诊老年人双重感官障碍的相关因素

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.3

Abiola O. Obadare, Lawrence A. Adebusoye, Eniola O. Cadmus

{"title":"Factors associated with dual sensory impairment in older persons attending the Geriatric Centre in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Abiola O. Obadare, Lawrence A. Adebusoye, Eniola O. Cadmus","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study examined the prevalence of hearing impairment, visual impairment and Dual Sensory Impairment (DSI) and the risk factors among older personsDesign: A Cross-sectional study where respondents were recruited by systematic random sampling.Setting: A tertiary institution at the Geriatric Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.Participants: A total of 388 older persons aged more than 60 years were recruitedInterventions: A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used over three months.Main outcome measures: Association between ageing, low income, poor quality of life, functional disability, and dual sensory impairment.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 70.2±6.3 years. The point prevalence of HI, VI and DSI were 14.9%, 8.0%, and 1.5% respectively. On logistic regression analysis, the most significant factors associated with HI were having no formal education OR=2.564(1.091-6.024) and previous hospital admission OR=3.473(1.856-6.499), for VI; increasing age OR=1.080(1.022-1.141) and poor income OR=2.941(1.263-6.897) and DSI; increasing age OR=1.224(1.054-1.421).Conclusion: Few (1.5%) older adults experienced DSI in our setting. The association between sensory impairments, age, and socioeconomic factors of poor education and income suggests the need for visual and hearing screening in older adults, particularly those with medical and socioeconomic issues, for early detection.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"345 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adherence to routinely prescribed medications among paediatric sickle cell disease patients in Kumasi, Ghana 加纳库马西镰状细胞病儿科患者对常规处方药的依从性

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.2

Merlene A. Agyekum, Samuel B. Nguah, Joseph Attakorah, Gustav K. Nettey, Kwaku G. Oppong, Vivian Paintsil, Alex O. Akoto, Kwame O. Buabeng

{"title":"Adherence to routinely prescribed medications among paediatric sickle cell disease patients in Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"Merlene A. Agyekum, Samuel B. Nguah, Joseph Attakorah, Gustav K. Nettey, Kwaku G. Oppong, Vivian Paintsil, Alex O. Akoto, Kwame O. Buabeng","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To measure the adherence to routinely prescribed medications among Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients in Kumasi, GhanaDesign: A cohort study involving paediatric SCD patients presenting to the outpatient clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).Setting: The Pediatric SCD Outpatient Clinic of KATH.Participants: Two hundred SCD patients visiting the outpatient clinicIntervention: NoneMain Outcome Measure: Cost and adherence to Penicillin V, Folic Acid, Hydroxyurea and Vitamins prescribed to SCD patients on routine outpatient visits.Results: Of the 200 participants, the highest and lowest phenotypes were Hb-SS (162, 80.1%) and Sβ-thal (3, 1.5%), respectively. The adherence rate to routine medications was 13.5% (95%CI: ut9.1% to 19.0%). Patient factors that affect adherence included forgetfulness 98(49%), cost 54(27%), and side effects 28(14%) of medication, and improvement in health 7(3.5%). Hydroxyurea was the costliest to the patients with a median (IQR) cost of GHc 75 (0, 450) or USD12 (0, 73), and the least was folic acid with a median of GHc 6 (0, 42) or USD 1 (0, 7). 44.5% of all medications prescribed were not obtained in full. 83% of those who did not purchase all the medicines attributed this to cost, with 13% indicating they had some at home.Conclusion: There is low adherence to routine medications used by SCD patients in Kumasi, and this could be because of their relatively high cost. Further studies should be made to assess the non-adherent effects of SCD medications on patients' health.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rectal screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in an intensive care unit in India 印度重症监护病房对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌进行直肠筛查

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.7

Arun Sachu, Sanjo Sunny, Philip Mathew, Ajeesh Kumar, Alice David

{"title":"Rectal screening for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in an intensive care unit in India","authors":"Arun Sachu, Sanjo Sunny, Philip Mathew, Ajeesh Kumar, Alice David","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the proportion of patients admitted to ICU who are colonised with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and to estimate the agreement between colonised patients and patients who developed an infection with CRE.Design: Prospective surveillance studySetting: The ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, IndiaParticipants: All patients above 18 were admitted to the ICU during the study period.Outcome measures: Patients colonised with CRE and systemic infection with the colonised organismResults: CRE colonisation was found in 20(8.7%) samples. Among the 20 patients in the study who were colonised with CRE, 5(25%) developed systemic infection due to CRE. History of antibiotic usage and admission to other hospitals in the last 90 days were independent predictors of CRE colonisation.Conclusion: Five of the 20 patients colonised with CRE developed an infection. Hospital admission and antibiotic usage were the main risk factors associated with CRE colonisation. Antibiotic escalation was suggested for two colonised patients based on their clinical worsening, but they succumbed to the illness. This study led us to modify our infection control practices, which led to isolating patients colonised with CRE.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prognostic significance of morphology markers of chromosomal instability in acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome 急性白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征染色体不稳定形态标记的预后意义

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.6

Anju Khairwa, M. Kotru, Pooja Dewan, Shiva Narang

{"title":"Prognostic significance of morphology markers of chromosomal instability in acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome","authors":"Anju Khairwa, M. Kotru, Pooja Dewan, Shiva Narang","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of various morphological markers of chromosomal instability (CI).Design: This is a cross-sectional analytical study.Setting: Single centre study from the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre in India.Participants: The study included samples of bone marrow aspirates (BMA) and biopsies of patients with acute leukaemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) performed between June 2019 and June 2021. Inadequate samples were excluded. We included 178 samples from 80 cases.Interventions: BMA and biopsies slides examined for CI markers like chromatin bridges, multipolar mitosis, nuclear budding, micronuclei, laggards, chromatin string (CS) and nuclear heterogeneity (NH). CI markers were correlated with the type, severity and prognosis of acute leukaemia and MDS.Main outcome measures: Evaluation of CI markers as prognostic markers in AL and MDS.Results: We included B-cell ALL (35), AML (11), MDS (04), relapse of AL (12), and remission of AL (116). All CI markers were significantly increased in AL and MDS compared to the remission group. All CI markers were significantly higher in non-responders to therapy than in responders. In regression analysis, the median (IQR) values of CS and NH were significantly higher among non-survivors than survivors.Conclusion: CI markers of morphology are significantly associated with poor prognosis, including Non-survival of the disease. These markers are easy to identify and cost-effective. We recommend incorporating morphological markers of CI in routine reporting of haematological malignancies to assist in prognostication before reports from sophisticated techniques are available.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation of sonographically-determined residual urine volume with lower urinary tract symptoms in adult males at a tertiary hospital 一家三级医院成年男性超声波测定的残余尿量与下尿路症状的相关性

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v58i2.4

Linda Nketiah, K. Dzefi-Tettey, Raphael N. Mayeden, Ambrose Agborli, Benard Ohene- Botwe, Yaw B. Mensah

{"title":"Correlation of sonographically-determined residual urine volume with lower urinary tract symptoms in adult males at a tertiary hospital","authors":"Linda Nketiah, K. Dzefi-Tettey, Raphael N. Mayeden, Ambrose Agborli, Benard Ohene- Botwe, Yaw B. Mensah","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v58i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v58i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the correlation between the severity of LUTS as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and PVR urine volume measured by transabdominal ultrasound in patients with LUTS, and to determine the correlation between ‘feeling of incomplete bladder emptying and sonographically measured PVR urine volume.Design: Correlational cross-sectional studySetting: Ultrasound Unit of the Radiology Department and Urology Clinic of Korle Bu Teaching HospitalParticipants: Male patients (n=256) aged 40 years or older who presented to the urology department of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital with LUTS and gave their written consent were enrolled. The presence and severity of LUTS were evaluated using the IPSS. The PVR urine was measured using a real-time transabdominal ultrasound scan.Main outcome measure: Severity of LUTS and Residual urine volumeResults: The mean PVR urine volume was 84.5ml. Most respondents (57.3%, n=146) had PVR urine volume below 50ml, with 27% (70 patients) having PVR urine volume above 100ml. PVR urine volume and total IPSS showed no statistically significant correlation. All age groups of respondents scored above 4 for Quality of life (QoL). ‘Intermittency’ is the IPSS symptom, which showed a statistically significant correlation with PVR urine volume. PVR urine volume did not correlate statistically with the ‘feeling of incomplete emptying’.Conclusions: There was no statistically significant correlation between the total IPSS and PVR urine volume. Thus, residual urine volume does not correlate with the severity of LUTS. The ‘feeling of incomplete emptying’ does not correlate with PVR urine volume.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"75 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and the influence of major cardiovascular risk factors. 冠状动脉疾病的血管造影严重程度和主要心血管风险因素的影响。

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.2

Nehemiah J Dung, Mark M Tettey, Martin Tamatey, Lawrence A Sereboe, Alfred Doku, Martin Adu-Adadey, Francis Agyekum

{"title":"Angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and the influence of major cardiovascular risk factors.","authors":"Nehemiah J Dung, Mark M Tettey, Martin Tamatey, Lawrence A Sereboe, Alfred Doku, Martin Adu-Adadey, Francis Agyekum","doi":"10.4314/gmj.v57i4.2","DOIUrl":"10.4314/gmj.v57i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the influence of major cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).Study design: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study.Setting: the catheterisation laboratory of the National Cardiothoracic Centre, Accra, Ghana.Participants: for 12 months, consecutive patients admitted for coronary angiography were assessed for the presence of CVRFs. Those with significant CAD after angiography were recruited into the study.Intervention: The patient's angiograms were analysed, and the CAD severity was obtained using the SYNTAX scoring criteria.Main outcome measure: The lesion overall severity (SYNTAX) score and the relationship with CVRFs present.Results: out of the 169 patients that had coronary angiography, 78 had significant CAD. The mean SYNTAX score was 20.18 (SD= 10.68), with a significantly higher value in dyslipidaemic patients (p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation between the score and BMI was weak (r= 0.256, p= 0.034). The occurrence of high SYNTAX score lesions in about 18% of the population was significantly associated with hypertension (OR= 1.304, 95% CI [1.13-1.50]; p= 0.017) dyslipidaemia (OR= 5.636, 95% CI [1.17-27.23]; p= 0.019), and obesity (OR= 3.960, 95% CI [1.18-13.34]; p= 0.021). However, after adjusting for confounding factors, only dyslipidaemia significantly influenced its occurrence (aOR= 5.256, 95% CI [1.03-26.96]; p= 0.047).Conclusion: Even though the most severe form of CAD was found in about one-fifth of the study population, its occurrence was strongly influenced by the presence of dyslipidaemia.Funding: None.","PeriodicalId":94319,"journal":{"name":"Ghana medical journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"262-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11215219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Idiopathic parietal bone thinning mimicking a bone lesion. 模仿骨病变的特发性顶骨变薄。

Ghana medical journal Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.10

Thomas Saliba, Alessandro De Leucio, Paolo Simoni

引用次数: 0