Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献

{"title":"The first record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in Yemen","authors":"Alia Zayed ,&nbsp;Yasser Baheshm ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Amoudi ,&nbsp;Salim Bin Shabiz ,&nbsp;Matthew Jensen Montgomery","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive mosquito <em>Aedes albopictus</em> is regarded as a public health threat due to its ability to transmit pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses, its wide range of hosts, and its ecological plasticity. <em>Aedes albopictus</em> has already invaded parts of the Middle East region and further expansion is expected. Twenty-two sites in three districts of Yemen (Al Ghaydha, Hawf, and Sayhout) were screened for the presence of mosquitoes. We surveyed water bodies and containers, and deployed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Biogents Sentinel (BG) traps, spray catches, and aspiration for adult collection. <em>Aedes albopictus</em> was recorded for the first time in Yemen in September 2023, during routine surveillance in Al Mahrah Governorate. Adults and immature stages of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> were identified in Hawf, a city 17 m above sea level in the easternmost part of the Governorate of Al Mahrah, which is located less than 8 km from the border with Oman. Our findings showed that <em>Ae. albopictus</em> adults were coexisting with both <em>Ae</em><em>des</em> <em>aegypti</em> and <em>Anopheles stephensi</em> in the same location and occupying the same containers with <em>Ae. aegypti</em> with a ratio of 1:2. This is the first report on the presence of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> in Yemen. The proximity, ongoing human activity and transportation exchanges between Al Mahrah and Oman may have played a role in the introduction of this species. Intensive efforts should be undertaken to monitor and manage <em>Ae. albopictus</em> spread in the country, in addition to coordinating cross-border surveillance with Oman. The presence of both <em>Aedes</em> spp. vectors together highlights the need for surveillance for associated diseases and consideration of countermeasures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cats as a sentinel species for human infectious diseases – toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, and COVID-19","authors":"Diana Selyemová ,&nbsp;Daniela Antolová ,&nbsp;Barbara Mangová ,&nbsp;Júlia Jarošová ,&nbsp;Martina Ličková ,&nbsp;Sabína Fumačová Havlíková ,&nbsp;Monika Sláviková ,&nbsp;Veronika Rusňáková Tarageľová ,&nbsp;Markéta Derdáková","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, serological screening for <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, <em>Trichinella</em> spp., and SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats was conducted, aiming to identify their exposure to the mentioned pathogens and to assess the risk of potential human infection. In total, serum samples from 481 (310 owned and 171 shelter cats) were collected in Bratislava from September 2020 to September 2021, a period that included the initial outbreak wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed a 37.4% (135/441) seroprevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> with a slightly lower seropositivity in shelter cats (35.9%; 61/170) than in owned cats (38.4%; 104/271), but this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the seroprevalence of <em>Trichinella</em> spp. was 2.0% (9/441), with animals from shelters being positive but not significantly more often (2.9%; 5/170) than owned cats (1.5%; 4/271). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 2.7% (13/481) of cat sera (2.9% in shelter cats; 2.6% in owned cats). Among ten samples positive by virus neutralisation assay, two were positive for the B.1 variant. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in buccal and rectal swabs (<em>n</em> = 239) was not detected. The seroprevalence of almost 40% for <em>T. gondii</em> in cats suggests a non-negligible risk of human infection. The study confirmed the possibility of <em>Trichinella</em> spp. infection in cats, and thus the possibility of infection spreading between the sylvatic and synanthropic cycle <em>via</em> this animal species. The presented results also showed that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is likely to circulate in cat populations in Slovakia, not only in cats that may have been in contact with infected persons, but also in shelter cats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X2400027X/pdfft?md5=f68cfe2bf7150607835a9d609f78689e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X2400027X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bio-larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is effective against Aedes koreicus, either dissolved in water or delivered through eco-compatible chitosan-based hydrogels","authors":"Agata Negri ,&nbsp;Giulia Pezzali ,&nbsp;Simone Pitton ,&nbsp;Marco Piazzoni ,&nbsp;Laura Soresinetti ,&nbsp;Giovanni Naro ,&nbsp;Paolo Gabrieli ,&nbsp;Giorgia Bettoni ,&nbsp;Claudio Bandi ,&nbsp;Silvia Caccia ,&nbsp;Sara Epis","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mosquito control, which is not always easily accomplished, is further complicated by the spread of invasive species. This is the case of <em>Aedes koreicus</em>, a mosquito native to East Asia, whose presence has been recorded in several European countries, including Italy. This mosquito found suitable ecological conditions in central Europe in general, and in northern Italy in particular, as shown by the ongoing expansion of its distribution. While basic knowledge on feeding habits of <em>Ae. koreicus</em> have already been acquired, information on its vectorial competence is scarce. Therefore, active monitoring on the presence of this mosquito, and the pre-planning of future control actions, are of paramount importance. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for controlling this mosquito, both in its native regions and in invaded countries. Here we present the first study on the efficacy of a bioinsecticide based on <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> on <em>Ae. koreicus</em> larvae, with a comparison with results obtained on the tiger mosquito <em>Aedes albopictus</em>. Our results proved that this bioinsecticide is effective on <em>Ae. koreicus</em>, both dissolved in water and incorporated into MosChito raft, a hydrogel-based matrix that has recently been developed for the delivery of insecticides to other mosquito species and suitable for safe and eco-compatible applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000281/pdfft?md5=463c8eb7321b0c09b3499924164b969f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000281-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of forest habitat type on Ixodes ricinus infections with Rickettsia spp. in south-western Poland","authors":"Dagmara Dyczko ,&nbsp;Paweł Błażej ,&nbsp;Dorota Kiewra","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. in <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> tick populations in different forest habitat types (broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest, and coniferous forest) in south-western Poland. During the survey periods from April to June 2018 and 2019 a total of 494 <em>I. ricinus</em> ticks, including 374 nymphs, 60 females and 60 males, were tested for <em>Rickettsia</em> infections by nested PCR targeting the <em>glt</em>A gene. The overall infection rate was 42.3%; however, we observed statistically significant year-to-year variation. Infection rates varied between tick developmental stages and were significantly influenced by forest habitat type. As assessed by a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), the highest infection rates were observed in mixed broadleaf and coniferous forests, while coniferous forests had a significant negative effect on infection prevalence. DNA sequencing of selected samples confirmed the predominance of <em>Rickettsia helvetica</em> (91.2%) and less frequent <em>Rickettsia monacensis</em> (8.8%). This study suggests that the forest habitat types can influence <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. infection in tick populations; however, a comprehensive understanding of all factors influencing the level of infection requires future study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000311/pdfft?md5=7cf100e1101ba28566b3e3ec272391be&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000311-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep from the Northeast Region of Brazil destined for human consumption","authors":"Thais Ferreira Feitosa ,&nbsp;Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ,&nbsp;Samira Pereira Batista ,&nbsp;Samara Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ,&nbsp;Frank Katzer ,&nbsp;Paul M. Bartley","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to genotype isolates of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> obtained from samples of brain, diaphragm and heart of goats and sheep intended for human consumption in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Tissue samples from 14 animals, goats (<em>n</em> = 5) and lambs (<em>n</em> = 9), were sourced from public slaughterhouses in seven cities and bio-assayed in mice. The brains of the mice were utilized for DNA extraction. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using 10 markers (SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, c22-8, PK1, GRA6, L358, c-29-2 and Apico). A total of 10 isolates were fully genotyped (i.e. at all loci), three from goats and seven from sheep, revealing five distinct genotypes: #13 (<em>n</em> = 4); #48 (<em>n</em> = 3); #57 (<em>n</em> = 1); #273 (<em>n</em> = 1); and one new genotype that had not been previously described. Genotype #13 is frequently found in the Northeast of Brazil and represents a clonal lineage circulating in this region and was the most prevalent genotype identified (<em>n</em> = 4). Moreover, in the present study genotypes #13, #48, #57, and #273 were documented for the first time in sheep from Brazil, and the novel genotype was isolated from a goat. Our findings align with previous studies on <em>T. gondii</em> from Brazil, where new genotypes are continuously being identified, highlighting a high level of genetic diversity of <em>T. gondii</em> isolates in the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000511/pdfft?md5=721a523467199e7c63de02821a6c0f9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000511-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy cattle and calves during the early stages of a calving season","authors":"Paul M. Bartley,&nbsp;Johan H. Standar,&nbsp;Frank Katzer","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> is a causative agent of cryptosporidiosis, an infectious gastroenteritis in neonatal ruminants, which can be fatal in severe cases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infections in dairy cattle/calves during the early stages of a calving season and the species/genotypes of the <em>Cryptosporidium</em> present. Faecal samples collected from pre- and post-partum dams (<em>n</em> = 224) as well as calves from age ∼1 day onwards (<em>n</em> = 312) were examined. Oocysts were concentrated, DNA extracted and tested by <em>Cryptosporidium</em> 18S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing, while genotypes of <em>C. parvum</em> were determined by <em>gp60</em> and VNTR analysis. Results showed that 31.3% and 30.4% of pre- and post-partum dams tested positive for <em>Cryptosporidium</em>, respectively. In the adults, <em>C. parvum</em> (<em>n</em> = 52), <em>C. bovis</em> (<em>n</em> = 4) and <em>C. andersoni</em> (<em>n</em> = 19) were identified, while in the calves 248 out of 312 (79.5%) were PCR-positive for <em>C. parvum</em>. The proportion of positive calf samples was significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) than the proportion of positive adult cattle during the first seven weeks of the calving season. In adult cattle, three distinct <em>gp60</em> genotypes were identified, a predominant genotype IIaA15G2R1 (<em>n</em> = 36) and genotypes IIaA15R1 (<em>n</em> = 2) and IIaA14G2R1 (<em>n</em> = 1). In the calves, only genotype IIaA15G2R1 was detected (<em>n</em> = 125). Although <em>C. parvum</em> was observed in adult cattle two weeks after the start of the calving season, the predominant genotypes were not detected until Week 4 in both adults and calves, meaning it is still unclear whether adult cattle are the initial source of <em>C. parvum</em> infections on the farm. Historically calves on this dairy farm demonstrated the IIaA19G2R1 genotype, which, has now clearly been replaced with the IIaA15G2R1 genotype that is now found in both adults and calves. During the study season, significantly higher levels of neonatal calf mortality were observed compared to the seasons before (<em>P</em> = 0.046) and after (<em>P</em> = 0.0002). This study has shown comparable levels of <em>C. parvum</em> infection in both pre- and post-partum dams but higher levels of infection in neonatal calves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000481/pdfft?md5=51dcc37fe18e29113a43a029725e4aa9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000481-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential for use of haematological and anti-IgE humoral responses as phenotypic markers for tick resistance in cattle","authors":"Collins Ngetich ,&nbsp;Lucy Kamau ,&nbsp;Jemimah Simbauni ,&nbsp;Charles Mwendia ,&nbsp;Milton Owido ,&nbsp;Irene Kiio ,&nbsp;Oswald Matika ,&nbsp;Sarah Foster ,&nbsp;Michael Birkett ,&nbsp;Appolinaire Djikeng ,&nbsp;Kellie Anne Watson ,&nbsp;Naftaly Githaka","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Approximately 80% of the global cattle population is at risk of infestation and infection by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs). The economic losses from animal mortality, reduced production, vector control costs and animal treatment are very substantial, hence there is an urgent need to develop and deploy alternative vector control strategies. Breeding for host tick resistance has the potential for sustainable large-scale TTBD control especially in cattle. The gold standard method for phenotyping tick resistance in cattle is by counting ticks on the body but is very laborious and subjective. Better methods for phenotyping tick resistance more objectively, faster and at scale, are essential for selecting host genetic resistance to ticks. This study investigated the correlation between haematological cellular profiles and immunological responses (immunoglobulin E, IgE) and full body tick counts in herds of <em>Bos indicus</em> and <em>Bos taurus</em> following artificial tick challenge with <em>Rhipicephalus decoloratus</em> larvae. Fifty-four Friesian and Ayrshire (<em>Bos taurus</em>) and 52 East African Zebu (<em>Bos indicus</em>) calves were each infested with ∼2500 larvae. Near-replete adult female ticks (≥ 4.5 mm) were counted daily from Day 20–25. Blood and serum samples were obtained from each animal on Days 0 and 23 for cellular blood and IgE titre analysis, respectively. The indicine cattle were refractory to <em>R. decoloratus</em> infestation in comparison with the taurine breed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Repeated measurements of blood components pre-infestation revealed a significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) association with tick count in IgE and red blood cells, haematocrit, and haemoglobin post-infestation. There was also a strong positive correlation between the tick counts and red blood cell numbers, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and IgE concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) following tick challenge. The application of this approach to phenotype host resistance needs to be assessed using higher cattle numbers and with different tick species or genera.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X2300047X/pdfft?md5=f89de976c1dec522eb62bf499e222328&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X2300047X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138656518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfluthrin diffusers do not protect two-person US military tents from mosquitoes in open field and canopy warm-temperate habitats","authors":"Barbara E. Bayer ,&nbsp;Robert L. Aldridge ,&nbsp;Bianca J. Moreno ,&nbsp;Frances V. Golden ,&nbsp;Seth Gibson ,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Wahl ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Linthicum","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial repellents are volatile or volatilized chemicals that may repel arthropod vectors in free space, preventing bites and reducing the potential for pathogen transmission. In a 21-week field study, we investigated the efficacy of passive transfluthrin-impregnated diffusers placed in two-person United States (US) military tents located in canopy and open field habitats in north Florida to prevent mosquitoes from entering. Mosquito collections with US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited with light and carbon dioxide were conducted weekly for weeks 0–4, every two weeks for weeks 5–10, and monthly for weeks 11–21. Our results demonstrated that these transfluthrin-impregnated devices did not function as spatial repellents as expected and did not create a mosquito-free zone of protection. Instead, we observed consistently higher collections of mosquitoes from tents with transfluthrin-impregnated diffusers, and higher rates of mosquito mortality in collections from tents with transfluthrin diffusers, compared to untreated control tents. Based on these findings we do not recommend the use of passive transfluthrin-impregnated diffusers for mosquito protection in two-person US military tents in warm-temperate environments similar to north Florida.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000444/pdfft?md5=63faf383321f7604b3a6d746d8925b66&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redescription, molecular characterisation and Wolbachia endosymbionts of Mansonella (Tupainema) dunni (Mullin & Orihel, 1972) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Ahmad Syihan Mat Udin ,&nbsp;Shigehiko Uni ,&nbsp;Jules Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Coralie Martin ,&nbsp;Kerstin Junker ,&nbsp;Takeshi Agatsuma ,&nbsp;Van Lun Low ,&nbsp;Weerachai Saijuntha ,&nbsp;Hasmahzaiti Omar ,&nbsp;Nur Afiqah Zainuri ,&nbsp;Masako Fukuda ,&nbsp;Makoto Matsubayashi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Kimura ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Takaoka ,&nbsp;Rosli Ramli","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <em>Mansonella</em> Faust, 1929 includes 29 species, mainly parasites of platyrrhine monkeys in South America and anthropoid apes in Africa. In Malaysia, <em>Mansonella</em> (<em>Tupainema</em>) <em>dunni</em> (Mullin &amp; Orihel, 1972) was described from the common treeshrew <em>Tupaia glis</em> Diard &amp; Duvaucel (Scandentia). In a recent classification of the genus <em>Mansonella</em>, seven subgenera were proposed, with <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> as a monotypic species in the subgenus <em>Tupainema</em>. In this study, we collected new material of <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> from common treeshrews in Peninsular Malaysia and redescribed the morphological features of this species. We found that <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> differs from <em>M</em>. (<em>Cutifilaria</em>) <em>perforata</em> Uni et al., 2004 from sika deer <em>Cervus nippon</em> (Cetartiodactyla) in Japan, with regards to morphological features and predilection sites in their respective hosts. Based on multi-locus sequence analyses, we examined the molecular phylogeny of <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> and its <em>Wolbachia</em> genotype. Species of the genus <em>Mansonella</em> grouped monophyletically in clade ONC5 and <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> was placed in the most derived position within this genus. <em>Mansonella</em> (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> was closely related to <em>M</em>. (<em>M</em>.) <em>ozzardi</em> (Manson, 1897) from humans in Central and South America, and most distant from <em>M</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>perforata</em>. The calculated p-distances between the <em>cox</em>1 gene sequences for <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> and its congeners were 13.09% for <em>M</em>. (<em>M.</em>) <em>ozzardi</em> and 15.6–16.15% for <em>M</em>. (<em>C</em>.) <em>perforata</em>. The molecular phylogeny of <em>Mansonella</em> spp. thus corroborates their morphological differences. We determined that <em>M</em>. (<em>Tup</em>.) <em>dunni</em> harbours <em>Wolbachia</em> endosymbionts of the supergroup F genotype, in keeping with all other <em>Mansonella</em> species screened to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000420/pdfft?md5=1ce8aff825d5351c592fe5979160d946&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138839097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cats and dogs: What is the real zoonotic risk?","authors":"Amanda D. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Siobhon Egan ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Una Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the close bond between humans and companion animals, a thorough understanding of the diversity of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species and <em>Giardia</em> assemblages in cats and dogs is essential to determine the potential zoonotic risks. Analysis of molecular studies shows that <em>C. felis</em> and <em>C. canis</em> are the main species infecting cats and dogs, respectively. These species are largely host-specific, as despite intense association with humans, prevalence of <em>C. felis</em> and <em>C. canis</em> in humans is low and predominantly in immunocompromised individuals and low-income countries. There have been reports of <em>C. parvum</em> in cats and dogs and two reports of <em>C. hominis</em> in dogs. In most studies conducted to date, however, the prevalence of zoonotic species was low and may be associated with coprophagy and or/spillback, but this remains to be determined. Results of subtyping studies suggest that for <em>C. felis</em> and <em>C. canis</em>, some zoonotic transmission may occur but host-adapted subtypes also exist. <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> assemblages C and D are commonly reported in dogs, with assemblages F and A most common in cats. Assemblages C, D and F are largely host-specific as there are only a handful of reports of them in humans. Reports of assemblage A and B in cats and dogs may be due to coprophagy or spillback from owners. Despite the extent of pet ownership and the close contact between humans and companion animals worldwide, the overall risk of zoonotic transmission from cats and dogs to humans is uncertain but thought to be low due to <em>C. canis</em>, <em>C. felis</em> and <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblages C, D and F being predominantly host-specific, the relatively low prevalence of <em>C. parvum</em> (and <em>C. hominis</em>) in cats and dogs (which may be due to mechanical carriage), and low oo/cyst shedding. Carefully designed epidemiological studies of cats and dogs and their owners using subtyping tools are essential to better quantify the extent of spillover and spillback of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> and <em>Giardia</em> between pets and their owners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000468/pdfft?md5=806749df9b270aab3bac2ecd537d4da8&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000468-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}