African health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Modified first-level reconstruction and reinforcement during laparoscopic total hysterectomy for prevention of post-operative pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Xiangru Chen, Hongbo Gao","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.15","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper investigated that the clinical value of modified first-level reconstruction reinforcement in the prevention and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction after laparoscopic total hysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 360 patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy from December 2018 to September 2021 were selected and divided into three groups (A, B, C) according to POP-Q criteria: This is a randomized clinical trial in which women with first- and second-degree pelvic organ prolapse, and women without pelvic organ prolapse were each randomized into 3 arms of the study. According to the informed consent of patients, three groups are as following: Arm 1: 60 cases in the non-suspension group (vaginal stump was only sutured continuous absorbable suture); Arm 2: 60 cases in traditional suspension group (as in Arm 1, plus suspension of vaginal stump with non-absorbable sutures to cardinal and round ligaments); Arm 3: 60 cases in the modified suspension group (vaginal stump reinforced with horizontal reconstruction). POP-Q score, sexual life quality questionnaire, urinary incontinence questionnaire and pelvic floor ultrasound were compared before and at 6 and 12 months after operation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) in the non-prolapse group and the prolapse group, the POP-Q score of the modified suspension group c was superior to that of the non-suspension group and the traditional suspension group b at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and the postoperative POP-Q score of the prolapse group was significantly improved compared with that before surgery. (2) In both the non-prolapse and the prolapse study groups, the participants that were randomized to the modified suspension treatment (arm 3) had significantly better sexual function scores than those in arm 1 and arm 2 six and twelve months after surgery (p <0.05). (3) Similarly, participants in both the non-prolapse and the prolapse groups that were randomized to the modified suspension treatment arm (arm 3) were significantly less prone to. urinary incontinence than those randomized to arm 1 and arm 2 at 6 and 12 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with traditional vaginal stump suture and traditional vaginal stump suspension, the modified first-level reconstruction and consolidation method can effectively prevent and cure pelvic floor dysfunction after laparoscopic total hysterectomy, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's choice: Infections, sexual reproductive health and non-communicable diseases.","authors":"James K Tumwine","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"i-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of toxoplasmic encephalitis in a patient on cancer chemotherapy in Uganda.","authors":"Yekosani Mitala, Raymond Atwine, Abraham Birungi, Ambaru Jacinta, Kuraishi Baluku, Semei Sekitene, Edwin Nuwagira","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.14","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reactivation of central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis can be caused by immunosuppression (ISS) of any kind. However, anti-cancer chemotherapy combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induced ISS results in an atypical presentation that is fatal.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 46 years old man with a well-controlled infection of the human immunodeficiency virus presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures following the second dose of anti-cancer chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. His brain's computerized tomography (CT) scan showed enlarged ventricles with no space-occupying lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) smears stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) revealed numerous bradyzoites and tachyzoites consistent with central nervous system toxoplasmosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With a double burden of cancer and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in low-income countries, this case raises awareness about the atypical presentation of CNS toxoplasmosis reactivation among patients on cancer chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"106-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent updates on molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Gujranwala, Pakistan.","authors":"Bacha Syed Yousuf Shah, Khan Muhammad Umer, Zulfiqar Aymn, Zahid Tazeen, Ghani Muhammad Usman, Amin Iram, Shahid Muhammad, Munir Rakhtasha, Younas Saima, Vajeeha Ayesha","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.4","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C infection (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, posing a critical health threat worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to provide a contemporary overview of HCV infection and its genotypic distribution in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Additionally, it sought to explore the interrelation between HCV genotypes and associated risk factors among individuals infected with HCV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To examine the prevalence of antibodies against HCV, blood samples were collected from 1004 patients and tested using an immunochromatographic test (ICT). Positive ICT samples were subsequently confirmed through a chemiluminescence technique and then subjected to amplification and genotyping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that females (54.68%) were more affected by HCV than males (45.32%). Notably, the highest incidence of HCV infection (27%) was observed in the 50-59 age group. Among HCV RNA-positive patients, genotype 3a predominated, accounting for 71.81% of cases. High rate of untypable genotypes was also detected (20.82%), along with mixed (3.29%), 1a (2.09%), 1b (0.79%), 2b (0.70%), and 3b (0.50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the prevalence of genotype 3a as the most common HCV genotype in the sampled population. This information is crucial for informing public health interventions and further research in the field of HCV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta analysis of clinical efficacy of acupoint application in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Qingbo Wang, Lili Zhao, Junhong Liu, Li Chen, Baoxia Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Yike Lu, Yang Gao, Xue Zheng, Zongqing He, Shuangshuang Jing","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.44","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical efficacy of acupoint application in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was evaluated by Meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Computer searched Chinese and English databases for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (CCTs) of TCM external therapy, acupoint application, TCM external application, navel sticking and their combination therapy in the treatment of IBS. The search period is from the establishment of the database to December 2022. The literature was screened independently by 2 researchers according to the standard of nano-ranking, and the data of the other 5 researchers were proofread, screened and extracted. After that, the bias risk of the included study was evaluated, and the data were analysed by RevMan 5.4. software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>(1) A total of 1842 patients, were included in 25 randomized controlled trials, including the acupoint application treatment group (n=928) and conventional therapy control group (n = 914).(2) The quality of the literature method shows that there are 5 high-quality literatures with a score of 4-7, 20 low-quality literatures with a score of 1-3 and few high-quality literatures;(3) In terms of effectiveness, compared with the western medicine control group, the total odds ratio OR [95 % CI] of the total effective rate of the acupoint application treatment group was 4.77 [3.68, 6.20], and the difference was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Shenque, Zhongwan, Pishu and Zusanli are the most commonly used.(4) In terms of literature bias, 2 studies used envelopes to hide, which belonged to \"low risk\"; 9 studies were blindly implemented and evaluated as \"unclear\"; and 6 studies were rated as \"high risk\" because cases fell off but were not reported. The funnel plot shows that the study is scatter symmetrical, the probability of publication bias is small, and the conclusion is reliable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acupoint application can improve the effective clinical rate of IBS with fewer adverse reactions, better patient compliance and fewer adverse reactions, but it still needs to be confirmed by high-quality multicenter, large sample randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of HE4 in evaluation of adnexal masses and its comparison with CA125, ROMA and RMI in premenopausal women.","authors":"Mini Sharma, Neeraj Kumar, Subhas Saha, Vanita Suri, G R Prasad, Radhika Srinivasan, Arnab Pal","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.16","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and is ranked third among gynaecological malignancies after cervical and uterine cancers. Prospective studies have failed to establish a definite screening programme based on tumour markers or ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate potential role of Human Epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a biomarker for diagnosis of various ovarian malignancies in premenopausal age group, either alone or as a part of diagnostic algorithm like Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) and to analyse if it has any advantage over Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) or Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was an observational cross-sectional study which included 100 premenopausal women having ovarian mass and underwent surgery. The diagnostic performances of CA125, HE4, ROMA score and RMI for ovarian cancer were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative histopathology confirmed 30% (n=30) women to have malignant ovarian tumors. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis; area under curve (AUC) was maximum for ROMA (0.791) followed by HE4 (0.784), RMI (0.750) and CA125 (0.715).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HE4 is not superior to CA125 but, it can be used in series or as part of diagnostic algorithm (ROMA) along with CA125 to get higher diagnostic accuracy for premenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"120-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Kitui County, Kenya.","authors":"Morris K Chui, Justus O Osero, Judy W Mugo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.52","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stunting in children below the age of five is a significant public health problem in Kenya. Stunting has transitory and lifelong effects on people and communities, including high risk of morbidity and death, lowered mental and physical growth, and decreased productivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the predictors of stunting in children aged 6 to 59 months in Kitui County, Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional analytical survey that used multistage cluster sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews with key informants and discussions with focus groups. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess the rate of stunting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stunting rate was 26.6%. The independent predictors of stunting included birth weight < 2500 grams (AOR = 2.302; 95% CI: 1.027-6.150; p: 0.043), having secondary education (AOR = 5.404; 95% CI: 1.607-18.173; p: 0.006), mother's MUAC < 23 cm (AOR = 2.845; 95% CI: 1.125-7.192; p:0.012), and having no access to a latrine/toilet (AOR = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.009-0.561; p: 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stunting was high and was influenced by sociodemographic factors, and the household environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"420-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical site infections following abdominal surgery: incidence, risk factors and outcomes.","authors":"Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Emmanuel O Folami","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.12","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal surgeries especially open surgeries are associated with high risk of surgical site infections. This invariably leads to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stay with its attendant financial burden and mortality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the incidence, risk factors and outcome in patient with surgical site infection following open abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective study involving consecutive 100 patients across surgical sub-specialties and gynaecology over 6 month period. Variables analyzed included; biodata, type of surgery, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, hair removal at wound site, specialty, degree of intraoperative contamination, presence of surgical site infection (SSI) and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of the patients (64%) were women and the age range was 11 to 73 years, mean age was 36.41 ± 10.9 years. About 60% of the cases were emergency procedures, indication for surgery were benign in 89 (89%) patients, malignant in 7% and trauma in 4%. Majority (55%) had clean-contaminated wounds while 45% had contaminated and dirty wounds, 54% were solely general surgery patients, 66% of the patients had hair removal before theatre arrival. SSI was recorded in 20% of the patients and mortality rate was 7% at 30 days follow up.The risk of SSI was higher in emergency procedures, (p =0.041) with an odd ratio of 2. SSI risk increases with the ASA grade, general surgical procedures, hair removal at wound site before theatre arrival and also in contaminated and dirty wounds. Emergency procedures and SSI were found to increase the odds of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emergency procedures, general surgery (bowel surgeries), and significant degrees of intraoperative contamination are associated with higher risk of SSI, which is an independent predictor of mortality. More efforts should be put in place to prevent SSI in these categories of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and future risk estimates of cutaneous leishmaniasis in district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan: analysis of data from 2019-2022.","authors":"Aqsa Mansoor, Kiran Afshan, Ghulam Narjis, Sabika Firasat","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.8","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), despite not being a life-threatening condition, has a devastating impact on the public health. CL is widely distributed, exhibiting a distinct epidemiological pattern all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate CL in District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and to estimate the risk of epidemics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From 2019 to 2022, 1135 CL patients' epidemiological data were collected from district health facilities. For epidemiological characterization, descriptive statistics were used. The spatial analysis was done using ArcGIS V.10.3. The relationship between CL occurrence and climatic variables was investigated using liner regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2019 and 2022, there was a decline in the annual CL incidence trend. Males and people under the age of 20 were particularly susceptible. A total of 1204 lesions were identified, with 76.1% of individuals having a single lesion and 23.9% having multiple lesions. Most of the lesions were nodular and ulcerative in nature and were found on exposed body parts such as the lower extremity (34.2%) and the face (30.7%). A choropleth map revealed an increased incidence of CL in Tehsil D.I.K (63%) and Paharpur (10%). According to a digital elevation model, high altitudes have a lower prevalence of CL. For focal transmission and high-risk zones, Inverse Density Weight (IDW) spatial interplation, focal statistics, cluster, and outlier analysis validated that CL cases were high in D.I.K, Kulachi, and Paharpur tehsils. Increased temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were not significantly associated with CL infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provided essential details for public health sectors to develop intervention strategies for future CL outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of midnight-noon Ebb-flow hour-prescription method combined with acupuncture at Baihui Bazhen acupoints in the rehabilitation of Aphasia after ischemic stroke.","authors":"Yunbo Li, Chaoqi Lu, Lin Chen","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.34","DOIUrl":"10.4314/ahs.v24i4.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the clinical effectiveness of combining the midnight-noon ebb-flow hour-prescription method with acupuncture at the Baihui (GV 20) and Bazhen acupoints for rehabilitating aphasia following ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>196 patients with aphasia after ischemic stroke were divided into two groups: a research group (n=98) that received language rehabilitation training along with the midnight-noon ebb-flow hour-prescription method and acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) Bazhen acupoints, and a control group (n=98) that received only language rehabilitation training. The study recorded traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores and scores from various scales, as well as clinical efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The traditional Chinese medicine symptom score and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were lower, and the scores of Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL), Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center Standard Aphasia Examination (CRRCAE) were higher in the research group than in the control group after treatment. The research group also had a higher total effective rate compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Midnight-noon ebb-flow hour-prescription method combined with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) Bazhen acupoints can effectively ameliorate NIHSS scores in patients with aphasia after ischemic stroke, facilitate language functional recovery, and improve rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"24 4","pages":"262-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}