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Effect of physiological characteristics, smoking, and alcohol use on isoniazid hair drug levels among pulmonary TB patients: a cross-sectional study at one month of intensive TB treatment. 生理特征、吸烟和饮酒对肺结核患者异烟肼发药水平的影响:一项针对结核病强化治疗一个月的横断面研究
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.2
Grace Muzanyi, Muhammad Ntale, Robert Salata, Jackson Mukonzo, David K Mafigiri, Paul Mubiri, Moses Joloba, Godfrey S Bbosa
{"title":"Effect of physiological characteristics, smoking, and alcohol use on isoniazid hair drug levels among pulmonary TB patients: a cross-sectional study at one month of intensive TB treatment.","authors":"Grace Muzanyi, Muhammad Ntale, Robert Salata, Jackson Mukonzo, David K Mafigiri, Paul Mubiri, Moses Joloba, Godfrey S Bbosa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis(TB) is still among the leading causes of death from a single infectious pathogen worldwide. TB treatment is long, requires multiple drug combinations, and therefore adherence monitoring. TB hair drug levels have been suggested as a technique of treatment adherence monitoring; however, the drug levels might be affected by physiological factors, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking. This can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TB drugs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of physiological factors, smoking, and alcohol on isoniazid hair drug levels during TB treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were assessed for diabetes Mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, weight, and gender. Hair drug levels were measured by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We screened a total of 102 TB patients and enrolled 56 participants out of which 50 completed the study. We excluded 15 participants who were not sampled exactly at 1-month appointment dates and of the remaining 35; the mean hair drug level was 0.0706ng/mg, 95% CI: 0.0303-0.1109. Tests of interaction across the different subgroups yielded no statistically significant interaction coefficients(IC) except for age and gender (IC=-0.36.95%, CI: -0.55-0.17, P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physiological factors, alcohol, and smoking do not affect isoniazid hair drug levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge on HIV and its association with sexual behavior among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda. 乌干达坎帕拉青少年艾滋病毒知识及其与性行为的关系。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.28
Alice Nakato, Joan Nakayaga Kalyango, Caroline Makoha, Phillip Orishaba, Apolo Ayebale, Sabrina Bakeera Kitaka
{"title":"Knowledge on HIV and its association with sexual behavior among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Alice Nakato, Joan Nakayaga Kalyango, Caroline Makoha, Phillip Orishaba, Apolo Ayebale, Sabrina Bakeera Kitaka","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite several efforts to educate adolescents about HIV/AIDS in Uganda, many still engage in unsafe behaviors, putting them at risk of HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to assess the level of HIV knowledge and associated factors and establish association with sexual behavior among 13 to 19-year-old adolescents living in an urban division in Kampala district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study among 976 adolescents selected through multistage sampling and administered one pretested questionnaire to collect data. We analyzed the data using Stata version 14.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge on HIV was moderate (mean score = 11.30, SD= 2.91), and it was not associated with sexual behavior (OR= 0.97, p-value = 0.565). HIV knowledge was associated with age, school status, and knowledge of HIV status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowing about HIV did not imply engaging in safe sex practices. There is, therefore, a need to encourage adolescents to adopt safe sexual behavior in the fight against HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"227-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of modified accompanying video education plus continuous nursing on psychological emotion and disease knowledge mastery of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. 改良的伴随视频教育加持续护理对内镜逆行胆管造影患者心理情绪及疾病知识掌握的影响。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.35
Xiaohua Xiao, Jing Li
{"title":"Effect of modified accompanying video education plus continuous nursing on psychological emotion and disease knowledge mastery of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.","authors":"Xiaohua Xiao, Jing Li","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of modified accompanying video education plus continuous nursing on the psychological emotion and disease knowledge mastery of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 156 patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=78) and a modified education group (n=78). General education plus continuous nursing was performed for the control group, while modified accompanying video education plus continuous nursing was conducted for the modified education group. The surgical indicators were observed and the psychological emotion, disease knowledge mastery, self-care ability, health behaviors, self-perceived burden (SPB) and self-efficacy were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After intervention, the scores of Self-rating Depression Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale and SPB in the modified education group were lower than those of the control group, while the scores of Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, disease knowledge mastery and self-efficacy were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the modified education group had lower white blood cell count and higher hemoglobin level than those of the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modified accompanying video education plus continuous nursing can improve the psychological emotion, make the family members more satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attitudes of pregnant women regarding tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy at one primary health care clinic in Southern Namibia. 纳米比亚南部一家初级保健诊所孕妇对怀孕期间吸烟和饮酒的态度。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.26
Selma Hamutenya, Emma Maano Nghitanwa, Marian Tusano Sankombo
{"title":"Attitudes of pregnant women regarding tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy at one primary health care clinic in Southern Namibia.","authors":"Selma Hamutenya, Emma Maano Nghitanwa, Marian Tusano Sankombo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy is known to negatively affect the health of the mother and the fetus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the attitude of pregnant women attending antenatal care regarding the use of tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical design was used. The population were all pregnant women attending antenatal care at the clinic where study was conducted. Systematic sampling method was used to select the sample of 224 pregnant women. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics was utilized to generate frequencies and percentages. Fisher's Exact test at 0.05 alpha level was used to determine the association between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants, 92 (43.6%) were aged between 18 and 24 years. Majority, 186 (88.15%) were in third trimester of pregnancy, 154 (73%) were single, and unemployed. Most participants 165 (78.2%) have positive attitude regarding the use of alcohol during pregnancy and 198 (98.3%) have positive attitude regarding tobacco use during pregnancy. Further, marital status showed a significant association with the attitudes towards alcohol use (p=0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants have positive attitude regarding alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associated factors of spontaneous reperfusion in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. 急性st段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前自发再灌注的相关因素。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.12
Weimin He, Yixuan Lin, Fengxin Yuan, Tong Zhang
{"title":"Associated factors of spontaneous reperfusion in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention.","authors":"Weimin He, Yixuan Lin, Fengxin Yuan, Tong Zhang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of the relationship between preoperative factors and spontaneous reperfusion (SR) in infarct-related arteries (IRAs) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>834 patients who were classified into the SR group (TIMI flow grade 2-3) and non-spontaneous reperfusion (NSR) group (TIMI flow grade 0-1) based on coronary angiography. The baseline characteristics and preoperative factors of the two groups were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the NSR group, the SR group had shorter time from symptom onset to first medical contact (P=0.002) and from symptom onset to antiplatelet loading (P=0.003), however, there was no statistically significant difference in the mode of admission and loading of antiplatelet drugs between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes history, smoking history, triglyceride level, time from symptom onset to first medical contact, time from symptom onset to antiplatelet loading, and time from antiplatelet loading to coronary angiography were all factors influencing SR were all factors influencing SR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of SR is related to early medical contact and timely use of antiplatelet drugs. Patients with diabetes history, smoking history, higher triglyceride level may benefit more.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular insights into the anti-inflammatory efficacy and HPLC analysis of hedera helix leaf extract. hedera helix叶提取物抗炎作用的分子研究及HPLC分析。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.39
Khaled Qabaha, Jehad Abbadi, Fuad Al-Rimawi
{"title":"Molecular insights into the anti-inflammatory efficacy and HPLC analysis of hedera helix leaf extract.","authors":"Khaled Qabaha, Jehad Abbadi, Fuad Al-Rimawi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The Araliaceae family member Hedera helix L is well-known in traditional medicine for its ability to effectively treat a wide range of illnesses. This study uses High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a Photodiode array detector (PDA) detector to examine the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extract obtained from Hedera helix leaves and explores its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Specifically, flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds are the focus of this analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethanol was used to extract compounds from ivy leaves. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate its anti-inflammatory properties using lipopolysaccharide-pretreated white blood cells. Phytochemical analysis of the ivy leaf extract was conducted using the reversed-phase HPLC with PDA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of numerous polyphenolic compounds, three of which were successfully identified as 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, rutin, and hesperidin. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties, notably inhibiting the gene expression of Interleukin-6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this investigation underscore the anti-inflammatory potential of Hedera helix extract. Various polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids were detected in the ethanolic extract, three of which were successfully identified. These compounds are presumed to be responsible for the observed activities. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"330-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of factors related to tip malposition of peripherally inserted central catheter and its spontaneous correction rate in neonates. 新生儿外周置管尖端错位相关因素分析及自然矫正率。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.15
Lizhu Chen, Kunying Zhuang, Meili Zhang
{"title":"Analysis of factors related to tip malposition of peripherally inserted central catheter and its spontaneous correction rate in neonates.","authors":"Lizhu Chen, Kunying Zhuang, Meili Zhang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To analyze the factors associated with tip malposition and spontaneous correction rate of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in newborns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data of 1604 newborns who underwent PICC placement in our neonatal surgery department from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into malposition group (n=104) and normal group (n=1500) according to the occurrence of tip malposition. The relevant clinical data of newborns were extracted from the hospital information system. The occurrence of PICC tip malposition and spontaneous correction were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for PICC tip malposition in newborns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of PICC malposition was 6.48%. There were significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, lesion location, catheter direction and venous placement between the two groups (P<0.05). The independent risk factors for PICC tip malposition in newborns were lesion location, catheter direction and venous placement (P<0.05). The spontaneous correction rate within 24 hours was 27.88%, with the highest rate observed in malposition of the internal jugular vein.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Catheter direction, lesion location and venous placement are independent risk factors for PICC tip malposition in newborns, and some newborns may spontaneously correct within 24 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibition of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacilli by omeprazole and pantoprazole. 奥美拉唑与泮托拉唑对耐碳青霉烯革兰氏阴性杆菌金属β-内酰胺酶的抑制作用。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.36
Eman M Omar, Hisham A Abbas, Mona A Elsayed, Samar S Elbaramawi, Nada A Noureldin
{"title":"Inhibition of metallo-β-lactamases in carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacilli by omeprazole and pantoprazole.","authors":"Eman M Omar, Hisham A Abbas, Mona A Elsayed, Samar S Elbaramawi, Nada A Noureldin","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenems are the most commonly used antibiotics for severe infections induced by metallo-beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Resistance to almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, is conferred by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Detection and inhibition of MBLs production as a promising approach to overcome resistance to carbapenems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>160 clinical isolates of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by The disk-diffusion method. The ability of the isolates to produce MBL enzyme was detected phenotypically and genotypically by PCR. The potential ability of pantoprazole and omeprazole to inhibit metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) was confirmed by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Omeprazole and pantoprazole reduced the hydrolytic activities of MBLs. Both drugs had synergistic effects with meropenem. Meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration decreased in the presence of pantoprazole (2-16) folds, and omeprazole (2-32) folds. The metallo-β-lactamases genes <i>bla<sub>NDM</sub></i> , <i>bla<sub>IMP</sub></i> and <i>bla<sub>VIM</sub></i> were downregulated by both drugs. <i>In silico</i> study showed that both drugs had reasonable binding energy and revealed that omeprazole had higher binding energy and chelating activity of zinc ions of the enzymes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination between meropenem and omeprazole or pantoprazole could be useful for treating infections caused by MBLs producing bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"298-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trends and distribution of birth asphyxia, Uganda, 2017-2020: a retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data. 2017-2020年乌干达出生窒息的趋势和分布:对公共卫生监测数据的回顾性分析
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.33
Allan Komakech, Freda L Aceng, Stella M Migamba, Petranilla Nakamya, Robert Mutumba, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex R Ario
{"title":"Trends and distribution of birth asphyxia, Uganda, 2017-2020: a retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data.","authors":"Allan Komakech, Freda L Aceng, Stella M Migamba, Petranilla Nakamya, Robert Mutumba, Lilian Bulage, Benon Kwesiga, Alex R Ario","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During 2018-2020, almost half of all neonatal deaths reviewed in Uganda were due to birth asphyxia. In 2015, Uganda adopted the Every Newborn Action Plan interventions to renew the focus on surveillance for birth asphyxia and other childhood-related illnesses. In 2016, the Ministry of Health implemented an evidence-based educational program for birth attendants about neonatal resuscitation techniques to improve the management of birth asphyxia. We described the trends and distribution of birth asphyxia in Uganda during 2017-2020 following these renewed efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed birth asphyxia surveillance data from the District Health Information System 2 from January 2017-December 2020. We calculated the incidence of birth asphyxia per 1,000 deliveries at district, regional, and national levels. We used line graphs to demonstrate the trend of birth asphyxia incidence with the corresponding reporting rates at national and regional levels. We used logistic regression to evaluate the significance of the trends. Using choropleth maps, we described the distribution of birth asphyxia incidence at district level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average national annual incidence of birth asphyxia in 2020 was 31 per 1,000, with an increase of 4.5% from 2017 to 2020 (OR=1.05; 95%CI=1.04-1.05, p=0.001), with national quarterly reporting rates of 70-80% over the same period. Incidence in the Northern and Eastern Regions increased by 6% (OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.05-1.07, p=0.001) and 5% (OR=1.05; 95%CI=1.03-1.05, p=0.001), respectively, over the study period. Bundibugyo, Iganga, and Mubende Districts had rates of >60/1,000 during each of the four years of the study period. The least affected district was Kazo District, with an overall incidence of 3/1,000 over the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of birth asphyxia increased nationally from 2017-2020. We recommend efforts towards reducing the burden of birth asphyxia in Uganda, with emphasis on the most affected districts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rare Atypical Ela3 BCR-ABL transcript in acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a case report. 急性淋巴细胞白血病罕见非典型Ela3 BCR-ABL转录本1例。
IF 0.9
African health sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v25i2.41
Lingling Xu, Tingting Han, Shuning Wei, Ningning Wang
{"title":"Rare Atypical Ela3 BCR-ABL transcript in acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a case report.","authors":"Lingling Xu, Tingting Han, Shuning Wei, Ningning Wang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v25i2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v25i2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Philadelphia chromosome is usually express on about 30% acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. Most of Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients have ela2 BCR-ABL transcripts, other atypical fusion genes such as ela3 have been rare reported. We reported a case of Ph-positive B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a scare ela3 fusion transcript. She presented with a complex karyotype and showed good early response to imatinib and dasatinib but relapsed six months after diagnosis, and E255v, T315I mutations were successively detected in the ABL kinase region, then he switched to ponatinib and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. But the Minimal Residual Disease increased after 16 months, the patient was treated with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy, and changed to olverembatinib targeted therapy. This subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia might have poorer prognosis than patients with common transcripts. we recommend the third-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor as a first choice for their initial therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or immunotherapy and new clinical trials should be considered as early as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":"25 2","pages":"354-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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