Current drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles for PRPF31 Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa.","authors":"Md Jobair Jony, Erik Moore, Alekha Dash, Surabhi Shukla","doi":"10.2174/0115672018409641251130113502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018409641251130113502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), an inherited retinal disease, characterized by a progressive loss of photoreceptor cells, leading to vision impairment. Mutations in the pre-mRNA processing factor gene (PRPF31) major cause of autosomal dominant RP. While viral vectors like AAV are commonly used in gene therapy, they are limited by low DNA cargo capacity and immunogenicity. We aimed to develop a chitosan-based NPs to deliver PRPF31 plasmid DNA (pDNA) into the ARPE-19 retinal cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Complex coacervation method was used to prepare CS NPs loaded with PRPF31. The NPs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential using a zetasizer. Surface morphology of CS-based NPs was examined using SEM. Additionally, the loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, protective effect of CS on the pDNA, in vitro transfection efficiency, and cytotoxicity were evaluated in ARPE-19 cell lines Results: The particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles were 245.19 ± 21.27nm, 0.265 ± 0.023, and +20.5 ± 5.63 mV, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the formation of NPs. The pDNA encapsulation efficiency was 66.80%± 4.69 and a loading efficiency of 21.93%± 1.08. The transfection efficiency of naked pDNA in ARPE-19 cells was 24.40% while that of CS pDNA NP was 48.30%. Cells transfected with pDNA using the standard transfecting agent Lipofectamine showed a higher transfection efficiency of 65.24% as compared to both naked pDNA and CS-pDNA NPs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Cs- pDNA particles demonstrated moderate transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity in the retinal cell line. In vivo research is required to realize its future therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These CS-pDNA NPs may have potential as a non-viral delivery vehicle in gene therapy in RP, however, further research in animal models is needed to validate the in vitro findings and for their potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Approaches to Improve Drug Solubility: The Emergent Role of Solid Dispersion Technology.","authors":"Suren Azad Ramadhan, Sara Assif Younis, Huner Kamal Omer, Nozad Rashid Hussein, Saya Latif Abdullah, Slim Smaoui, Walid Elfalleh, Arbi Guetat, Diyar Salahuddin Ali","doi":"10.2174/0115672018423713260217060350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018423713260217060350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The solubility of pharmaceutical compounds is a pivotal determinant of their bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Many promising drugs face significant solubility challenges, hindering their clinical application. This review focuses on innovative solid dispersion techniques to enhance drug solubility. Solid dispersions involve the distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients within a polymeric matrix, which can markedly improve dissolution rates and overall solubility. Various preparation methods, including melt extrusion, solvent evaporation, and spray drying, are critically examined for their effectiveness across different drug formulations. The role of carriers, namely hydrophilic polymers and surfactants, is emphasized in facilitating solubilization and enhancing drug stability. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these techniques on the pharmacokinetic profiles of selected drugs, supported by recent advancements in characterization methods that aid in understanding the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions. This review underscores the significance of solid dispersion techniques in pharmaceutical formulation, paving the way for the development of more effective therapeutic agents. Future research directions are proposed, highlighting the need for optimization of these techniques and exploration of novel materials to further improve drug solubility and bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapalene in Acne Treatment: Innovations in Nanocarriers and Role of AI in Drug Delivery- A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Tushar Verma, Ravi Pratap Singh, Mahima Chaudhary, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115672018447938260328154653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018447938260328154653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological disorder that affects millions worldwide, causing both physical discomfort and psychological burden. Conventional therapies often provide limited benefit due to poor skin permeability and tolerability issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study covers indepth literature study (2000-2025) on Adapalene in acne treatment. Closely related 150 studies on innovative nanocarriers and the role of AI in Drug Delivery were included, while unrelated works were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although adapalene demonstrates strong anti-acne activity, its limited membrane permeability and local dermatological adverse reactions restrict clinical effectiveness. Nanocarrier-based systems resolved these issues by enhancing drug penetration and controlled release, as evidenced by case studies and major clinical trials. ANN-assisted optimization further refined drug delivery, enabling more effective and personalized management of acne.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Adapalene is a promising therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris; however, its limited pharmacokinetic profile restricts its effectiveness. The integration of nanotechnology and AI-driven optimization could significantly improve its therapeutic potential, a concept further supported by findings from various clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adapalene-loaded nanocarriers represent a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes in acne treatment. Integration of AI-based optimization with clinical validation highlights its translational potential, paving the way toward safer, more efficient, and patient-specific dermatological therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Drug Entrapment Efficiency and Eliminating Free, Unloaded Drug Residues: A Review of Two Challenges with Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Sahar Gooneh-Farahani, Mohammad Imani, Abdolreza Simchi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018463615260209095326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018463615260209095326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After several decades of research and development, liposomes have found many interesting applications in different disciplines of science, from biology to colloid science, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, and, more importantly, drug delivery, i.e., one of the most exciting fields of application and innovation where Ehrlich's concept of a \"magic bullet\" has remained viable. This focus on liposomal drug delivery systems can be attributed in part to the phospholipid bilayer structure of these vesicles, which resembles the architecture of the eukaryotic cell membrane. Many liposomal drug carriers are being developed, and some of them, such as DOXIL, have also been commercialized. Drug-loaded liposomes can be prepared <i>using various methods, depending on the drug's physicochemical properties</i> and the desired characteristics of the final formulation. However, these products face two significant challenges: the presence of free, nonencapsulated drug molecules, which must often be removed, and limited drug-loading efficiency. Currently, no universal method exists to address either issue fully. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies to enhance drug entrapment and remove free, non-encapsulated drug from liposomal formulations, to compare the advantages and limitations of current methods, and to identify remaining knowledge gaps to guide future research and formulation design. To this end, the first section describes drug loading methods, followed by purification techniques, with an emphasis on recently developed approaches and their specific benefits and drawbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosylation in Cancer Medicines Delivery and Their Patents.","authors":"Biswa Mohan Sahoo, Shikha Sharma, Payal Bhatnagar, Gaurav Kant Saraogi, Bimal Krishna Banik","doi":"10.2174/0115672018396720251204111343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018396720251204111343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosylation plays a significant part in cancer pathophysiology, shaping tumour progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Aberrant glycosylation patterns in tumours serve as impending biomarkers and therapeutic targets for enriched cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies. Developments in glycosylation-mediated drug delivery systems (DDSs) have enabled more targeted targeting of tumour cells through receptor-specific interactions, boosting drug efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity. Glycosylated nanocarriers, antibodies, and fusion proteins have proven favourable applications in anticancer therapies, improving drug stability, cellular uptake, and immune modulation. Recent patents focus on innovative advances leveraging glycosylation to improve drug targeting, stability, and therapeutic efficacy, predominantly in addressing multidrug resistance in cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Narrative review, synthesizing published research and patents related to glycosylation-mediated drug delivery for cancer. Peer-reviewed journal articles and patents retrieved from European, Google Patents, and Lens.org databases (2020-2025) using keywords such as <i>cancer, glycosylation, drug, medicine, oncology</i>. Covers glycosylation biology in cancer, receptor-mediated targeting, applications in nanocarriers and antibodies, roles in metastasis, immune evasion, metabolism, ferroptosis, senescence, biomarkers, and delivery systems. Qualitative synthesis of literature findings and patent specifications, categorizing them by therapeutic approach, target, stage of development, and potential for clinical translation. Identification of trends, challenges, and future perspectives in glycosylation-based drug delivery. This review surveys the structural and functional aspects of glycosylation in cancer biology, its effects on tumour behaviour, and its emerging role in personalised medicine through glycosylation-based diagnostics and targeted therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Molecule-Induced Neuronal Differentiation: A Promising Path Toward Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies.","authors":"Javad Momeni, Elham Hosseini, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Sajad Sahab Negah","doi":"10.2174/0115672018407572260203045059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018407572260203045059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main bottlenecks in regenerative therapy is low neuronal differentiation after stem cell transplantation. Several approaches can induce neuronal differentiation, such as transcription factor manipulation, growth factors and cytokines, optogenetics, metabolic reprogramming, and Small Molecules (SMs). Each method has advantages and disadvantages; however, shortening the induction time and the maximum rate of neuronal differentiation is a high priority when selecting a method. Among all approaches, SMs can match these properties. Furthermore, SMs can target the developmental signaling pathways in neuronal maturation and generation. For example, they modulate WNT, Notch, TGF-β/SMAD, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), FGF, Retinoic Acid, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cAMP/PKA, BMP, JAK/STAT, and Nrf2 pathways. These pathways are essential for regulating neuronal differentiation, and SMs serve as a powerful tool for manipulating them in both research and therapeutic contexts. Therefore, we examine recent studies on SMs and discuss the pitfalls and challenges encountered during neuronal differentiation in preclinical research. Additionally, we review relevant studies that have advanced to clinical stages. Ultimately, based on our findings, we conclude that SMs hold significant promise for inducing neurons from stem cells; however, comprehensive clinical studies are necessary to demonstrate their efficacy in stem cell therapy for neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Evaluation of Pullulan-co-MAA Hydrogels Decorated with 5-fluorouracil for Oral-Colonic Delivery.","authors":"Iqra Islam, Kaleem Ullah, Shujaat Ali Khan, Haya Yasin, Sheraz Ali, Ghulam Murtaza","doi":"10.2174/0115672018380981251025052921","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672018380981251025052921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conventional treatment of colorectal cancer causes severe side effects, leading to non-compliance. Hydrogels are polymer-based oral drug delivery carriers that offer numerous advantages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study describes the application of the free-radical polymerization approach for the synthesis of colon-targeted, pH-responsive, pullulan-co-MAA hydrogels to deliver 5-fluorouracil. The prepared hydrogels were characterized in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro characterizations confirmed successful crosslinking, a decrease in the drug's crystallinity, a rough morphology, and the stable nature of the drug. Gel content, swelling index, porosity, and drug entrapment efficiency were increased with the increase in the concentration of polymer and monomer. The drug release followed a swelling study pattern; the cumulative drug release was increased with the increase in concentration of polymer (80.4% to 95.6%) and monomer (72.1% to 78.3%), while cross-linker negatively affected the drug release (62.2% to 53.5%) at pH 7.4. The results of the MTT-assay showed that blank hydrogels were cyto-compatible as all the cells displayed more than 95% viability, while drug-loaded hydrogels exhibited dose dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. Oral tolerability results showed that the hydrogel suspension was well-tolerated up to 4000mg/kg of body weight without altering hematology and serum chemistry profile or tissue histology of various organs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results confirmed successful hydrogel formation with effective 5-fluorouracil entrapment, enhanced thermal stability, and controlled drug release influenced by the concentrations of polymer, monomer, and crosslinker.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to findings, the fabricated hydrogels have promising potential to deliver 5- fluorouracil and other hydrophilic moieties into the colon.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13684975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Preparation of Frankincense Volatile Oil Submicro Emulsion and Its Effect on Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Mei Liu, Yujiao Wang, Mengmeng Wang, Le Zhang, Zihao Niu, Xuan Wang, Jie Wang, Ning Xia, Jinhui Wang, Xiaoxiao Ge, Chao Chen, Qin Chen, Shihao Zhang, Yundong Xie, Huanxian Shi, Chongbo Zhao, Junbo Zou, Dongyan Guo, Yajun Shi, Ming Yang, Zhennan She, Xiaofei Zhang, Jing Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115672018385693251029054952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018385693251029054952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frankincense Essential Oil (FREO) has demonstrated curative potential in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients. However, the inherent instability of FREO results in its relatively low bioavailability. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a novel oral O/W type FREO Submicron Emulsion Formulation (FREO-SE). This was achieved by encapsulating FREO within submicron emulsion droplets, with the further objective of elucidating the anti-UC efficacy of FREOSE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-factor experimental approach was employed to screen the formulation, dosage, and preparation process of FREO-SE. Subsequently, the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the submicron emulsion preparation procedure. The quality of the prepared emulsion was evaluated. Finally, a comparative analysis of the anti-ulcerative colitis efficacies of FREO and FREOSE was conducted using a UC mouse model. The mechanism of action of FREO-SE was further examined through immunohistochemistry, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the stability of FREO and elucidating its therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal formulation and manufacturing process for FREO-SE were established, and the particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential were characterized, with values of 105.09 ± 1.27 nm, 0.30 ± 0.02, and -37.43 ± 0.97 mV, respectively, confirming the successful preparation of FREO-SE. In DSS-induced UC mice, FREO-SE significantly reduced the DAI score compared with the DSS group. The weight loss of the FREO-SE-H group mice was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the shortening of colon length was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), thereby alleviating colonic tissue lesions. The expression of p-ERK and p-P65 in colon tissue was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). In conclusion, FREO-SE inhibited the levels of p-ERK and p-P65 in MAPK and NF-κB signaling, and demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study confirmed that the FREO-SE formulation notably potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of FREO against UC, with its mechanism underlying modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preparation process of FREO-SE is characterized by stability, simplicity, and controllability, endowing it with excellent stability. FREO-SE exhibits a protective effect against DSSinduced UC in mice and demonstrates significant efficacy in the ulcerative colitis mouse model.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-mediated Combination Drug Therapy for Tackling Solid-resistant Tumors.","authors":"Km Rafiya, Sakshi Awasthi, Saba Asif Qureshi, Nazeer Hasan, Farhan Jalees Ahmad","doi":"10.2174/0115672018341670241124150932","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672018341670241124150932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a group of dynamic diseases characterized by uncontrollable growth and spread of cells. The heterogenic nature of cancer hinders the abolishment of cancer resulting in a narrow therapeutic index, the capacity of drug efflux, multidrug resistance, and unacceptable side effects. The major challenge in the treatment of malignancies is multidrug resistance (MDR). A novel platform, nanoscale delivery system, concluding desirable applications for the treatment of cancer with targeted and controlled release of drugs, reducing the number of side effects and systemic toxicity. Recent studies emphasize that combining 2 or more nanocarrier-mediated therapies may produce complementary therapeutic effects, perhaps resulting in improved outcomes of cancer current therapies like deterioration of drug resistance. Therefore, in this article, we scrutinize the recent advancement addressing combination therapy by combining nanoparticles with anticancer drugs. It briefly concludes a thorough overview of cancer, tumor or solid resistant tumors, the mechanism of resistant tumors, current therapies for the treatment of solid tumors, and their challenges. It also covers various types of nanoparticles used in cancer treatment, the usage of nanocarriers in resistant tumors, and nanocarrier-based combinatorial therapy for the treatment of resistant tumors as well as its benefits. However, this approach still needs to be improved for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"167-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Natural Solution for Alopecia.","authors":"Yixin Hao, Qiujun Yang, Han Zhang, Chunyu Bai, Xibin Liu, Yuhua Gao","doi":"10.2174/0115672018321133240829074400","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672018321133240829074400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i> (L.) Rosc), as an edible plant-derived nanoparticle, offers several advantages, such as a high return rate, low budget, no ethical barriers, and good for health. Ginger-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (GDEVs) are nanoscale vesicles isolated from ginger.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, GDEVs were used to treat the alopecia mouse model, and its main active components and potential mechanism of action were investigated. The LC-MS/MS analysis of GDEVs revealed the presence of 1299 chemical compounds, among which auxiliary components were identified. Interestingly, the crux of the analysis lies in the discovery of 13 specific ingredients that play a pivotal role in hair proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GDEVs on hair loss. These advantages make ginger-derived nanoparticles a promising solution to overcome technical limitations associated with mammalian nanoparticles. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of GDEVs in the treatment of alopecia. However, the active ingredients and mechanism of action of GDEVs in the treatment of hair loss are unknown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GDEVs were isolated from ginger using the differential centrifugal method. Network pharmacological analysis of the GDEVs revealed that the anti-hair loss effect of GDEVs on alopecia was closely linked to its ability to reduce inflammation and promote the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells. Subsequently, it was applied to the balding areas of hair-loss mice using a brush. The results demonstrated that the application of GDEVs led to a rapid recovery of the balding areas and promoted the growth of healthier hair.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This experiment reported that GDEVs can effectively suppress the inflammatory activity in the alopecia model mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}