Current drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"A Dual-Drug Nanosuspension of Bufalin and Quercetin Exhibits Potent Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity In vitro and In vivo.","authors":"Ruirui Song, Bingqian Li, Chengcheng Gao, Zerun Yang, Tiantian Zhu, Yan Sun, Huagang Sheng, Liqiao Zhu","doi":"10.2174/0115672018405334250831225746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018405334250831225746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Both bufalin (BF) and quercetin (QUE) have demonstrated significant antitumor potential. However, they suffer from poor solubility and low bioavailability, which largely limit their clinical application. In order to increase the antitumor activity of BF and QUE by synergistic effect, BF and QUE co-loaded nanosuspension (BF-QUE NS) was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MTT method was used to determine the viability of HepG2 cells after treatment with BF and QUE at different mass ratios, and the optimal combination ratio was screened. BF-QUE NS was prepared by the anti-solvent precipitation method, and the single factors affecting its preparation were investigated to optimize the formulation and preparation process of the best combined NS. BFQUE NS was characterized by observing morphology, measuring particle size and zeta potential, Xray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and drug release in vitro. Cytotoxicity was detected using the MTT method; the uptake of BF-QUE NS by HepG2 cells was observed by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry; apoptosis of HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. BF-QUE NS was systematically characterized, and H22 tumor-bearing mice were further used to investigate the targeting distribution, antitumor effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal synergistic ratio of BF to QUE was 3:2. The mass ratio of BF and QUE in BFQUE NS was 1.47:1. The optimized BF-QUE NS exhibited an average particle size of 238.4 ± 2.1 nm, polydispersity index of 0.250 ± 0.004, zeta potential of -22.2 ± 0.3 mV, and presented good short-term physical stability. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that BF-QUE NS exhibited significant liver tumor-targeting efficacy, achieving an inhibition rate of 72.59% in H22 tumorbearing mice, along with high safety profiles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>BF-QUE NS provides a practical solution to the delivery challenges of poorly soluble anti-cancer drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared BF-QUE NS enhanced the drug solubility and promoted the targeted accumulation in tumors, thereby strengthening the synergistic anti-tumor effect of BF and QUE. BFQUE NS shows potential for clinical application as an anti-liver tumor drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Aspects, Challenges and Applications of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System-A Critical Review.","authors":"Acharya Balkrishna, Shalini Mishra, Shalini Singh, Maneesha Rana, Ashwani Kumar, Satyendra Kumar Rajput, Tarun Kumar, Rahul Singh, Vedpriya Arya","doi":"10.2174/0115672018351787250226045656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018351787250226045656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medicine is constantly released via a sustained and regulated drug delivery system per unit. However, there are several situations where it is undesirable to keep a drug's blood level constant. In these circumstances, pulsatile drug delivery could be preferable. Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are gaining popularity because they deliver the medicine to the correct site of action at the proper time and in the right amount, offering spatial and temporal delivery and boosting patient compliance. These are essentially time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the system manages the lag time independent of environmental parameters such as pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility, etc. PDDS can be divided into three categories: time-controlled systems, where the delivery system controls drug release primarily; stimuli-induced systems, where release is programmed by external stimuli like magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect, and irradiation; and externally regulated systems, where external stimuli like the pH or enzymes present in the intestinal tract or enzymes present in the drug delivery system control release. This article discusses several systems, such as capsular, osmotic, single- and multiple-unit systems based on soluble or erodible polymer covering and rupturable membranes. It summarizes the most recent technical innovations, formulation parameters, and system release profiles. This study also includes products available as once-daily formulations based on pulsatile releases, such as Pulsincap®, OROS®, CODAS®, and Pulsys®. These systems are helpful for medications with chronopharmacological behavior that need night-time dosage, pharmaceuticals with a first-pass solid action, and a particular location of absorption in the GIT. Diseases wherein PDDS are promising include asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular ailments, arthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, and hypercholesterolemia. PDDS can potentially bring new developments in the therapy of many diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Drug Delivery Systems Approved by USFDA from 2019 to 2023: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Anfal F Almazyad, Nazrul Haq, Ibrahim A Alsarra, Sultan Alshehri, Prawez Alam, Mohd Imran, Faiyaz Shakeel","doi":"10.2174/0115672018353367250317063449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018353367250317063449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, tremendous progress in the field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), which has prompted the creation of new strategies to enhance treatment results and patient compliance. The goal of this comprehensive review is to provide a summary of the NDDS that the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved from 2019 to 2023. Various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, and patent websites were utilized to gather relevant information. The selected NDDSs were categorized based on their delivery route, such as oral, injectable, transdermal, pulmonary, nasal, ocular, and implantable. For each delivery route, the review provides a detailed analysis of the approved NDDSs, including their mechanisms of action, advantages, limitations, and clinical applications. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges faced during the development and commercialization of these systems, as well as the prospects and potential areas of improvement. The findings of this comprehensive review demonstrate the remarkable progress made in the field of NDDSs, with the USFDA approving several innovative technologies in recent years. The approved NDDSs have shown promising results in enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and patient convenience. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and pharmaceutical industries, offering insights into the latest advancements in NDDSs approved by the US FDA. The knowledge gained from this review can guide future research endeavors, foster innovation, and contribute to developing more effective and patient-friendly NDDS strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Engineered Cetuximab-Copper Complexes for Targeted Drug Delivery in Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Majed S AlFayi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018373037250821092024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018373037250821092024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) require precise treatments. Cetuximab (Ceb) targets EGFR, and copper (Cu) compounds show promise in cancer therapy. This study investigates Ceb-Cu-p-NC, a nanoengineered drug delivery system, designed for enhanced HNSCC treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Ceb-Cu-p-NC in HNSCC treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cu precursor, Ceb, poloxamer-407, and hyaluronic acid were used to synthesize Ceb-Cu-p- NC. Fluorescence microscopy and UV spectrophotometry were utilized to determine Ceb integration efficiency, cellular interactions, and drug concentration. Drug release was assessed via in-vitro studies at pH 5.4 and 7.4. Studies using A-253 cell lines were conducted to analyze cytotoxicity, viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, Ceb-Cu-p-NC showed size reduction (85-120 nm) and zeta potential shift. The Ceb integration was 34.92% with 82.5% entrapment efficiency. Cytotoxicity studies revealed enhanced efficacy (IC50: 27.55 mg/mL - 51.47 mg/mL). Flow cytometry showed significant apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest, with statistically significant results (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ceb conjugation to Cu-p-NC enhanced nanoparticle stability, reduced surface charge, and enabled targeted, controlled drug release. The formulation showed superior cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and S-phase arrest in A-253 cells compared to free Ceb, highlighting its potential as an effective targeted therapy for head and neck cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ceb-Cu-p-NC demonstrates targeted efficacy against HNSCCs, with controlled release, increased cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver Nanoparticle-Infused Aloe Polysaccharides/ Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Nanofiber Sheet for Enhanced Burn Wound Healing.","authors":"Vinita Patole, Prathamesh Gadge, Abhay Shirode, Ganesh Ingavle, Vaishali Undale, Sanjeevani Deshkar, Avinash Sanap, Abhishek Jha, Ashlesha Pandit, Prabhanjan Giram","doi":"10.2174/0115672018381155250805060608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018381155250805060608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Burn wounds are painful injuries that demand immediate and effective management. Conventional wound care solutions often have limitations, such as discomfort during application or removal and potential damage to healing tissue. Therefore, developing novel wound dressings that support biological processes and promote wound healing is highly beneficial. Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as a promising platform for the development of biomedical wound dressings due to their unique structural and functional properties. This study evaluates the burn wound healing potential of electrospun nanofibers composed of aloe polysaccharides, sodium alginate, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>AgNPs were synthesized using a green approach, employing Aloe vera as a reducing agent. Characterization of AgNPs was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, and TEM. Aloe polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasonication and characterized via FTIR, XRD, and DSC. The extracted polysaccharides were then blended with PVA and sodium alginate to fabricate electrospun nanofiber sheets, into which the synthesized AgNPs were incorporated and analyzed for antibacterial, angiogenesis, and in vivo studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AgNPs exhibited spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 20 to 27 nm under TEM. Electrospun nanofiber sheet displayed a uniform structure with an average fiber diameter of 129 nm, as confirmed by SEM analysis. A sustained release of silver ions (78.98 ± 0.61% over 48 hours) was observed. The nanofibers exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, promoted angiogenesis, and significantly enhanced wound healing in a burn wound model.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AgNPs impregnated nanofiber sheet exhibited superior wound healing, angiogenesis, and antibacterial properties ideal for wound healing applications. The nanofiber sheets mimicked the extracellular matrix and supported angiogenesis. Enhanced wound closure in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of the nanofibers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AgNPs-impregnated nanofiber sheets offer antibacterial activity and support angiogenesis, suggesting their potential as a multifunctional wound dressing for effective burn treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Drug Repositioning: Enhanced Co-Delivery of Disulfiram and Celecoxib by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Theodora Amanda Seidu, Muhammad Asim Farooq, Masanja Pius Wande, Sana Ghayas, Perpetua Takunda Kutoka, Raphael N Alolga, Bo Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115672018287555240426063812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018287555240426063812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the current era, the importance of pharmaceutical technology and research in innovating novel drugs and formulations is undeniable.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to produce a nanoscale drug delivery system for the simultaneous delivery of repurposed disulfiram (DSF) and celecoxib (CXB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The co-formulation was prepared utilizing the emulsification ultrasonication technique to enhance the anti-cancer activity through NLCs. The surface morphology of the optimized NLCs was examined using TEM, while physicochemical characterization analyses employed FTIR, DSC, PXRD, and TGA. In-vitro cell uptake studies were conducted through MTT assay, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized DSF-CXB NLCs demonstrated a mean particle size of 144.2 nm, with a drug loading of 9.8% for DSF and 9.87% for CXB. The re-dispersibility index was measured at 103.26%, indicating effective dispersion. Stability analysis over 30 days confirmed the formulation's high stability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated no interaction between excipients and the formulation. Both DSC and PXRD techniques affirmed complete encapsulation of both drugs in the NLCs. In-vitro cytotoxicity of DSF-CXB NLCs exhibited a concentration-dependent increase compared to free DSF and CXB solutions in breast cancer cells. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies demonstrated time-dependent internalization of the optimized formulation in 4T1 cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that repurposing DSF and CXB NLCs holds promise as a co-delivery system for various cancers, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-Enabled Antibiotic Therapy: The Promise of Transfersomal Tigecycline in Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Dyala M Khasawneh, Rami J Oweis","doi":"10.2174/0115672018390651250801094728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018390651250801094728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of purulent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs), posing significant global health and economic challenges. This study aims to optimize a drug delivery system, specifically Tigecyclineloaded transfersomes, to address the limitations of current treatments, including bacterial resistance, systemic side effects, and poor drug penetration, thereby offering a safer and more effective alternative for MRSA-related SSTIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel Tigecycline transfersomal formulation was developed using the thin film hydration method. The study investigated the effects of varying drug-to-lipid ratios, lipid-to-edge activator ratios, and different hydration media on the characteristics of the Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes. The formulation's morphology, release profile, and antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA strains were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes were successfully prepared with particle sizes ranging from 92.3 to 290.8 nm, zeta potential values from -16.22 to -48.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 54.8% to 84.39%. The formulation prepared using distilled water as the hydration medium, a lipid-to-edge activator ratio of 80:20, and a drug-to-lipid ratio of 3:8 was selected for further assessment due to its optimal characteristics. The selected transfersomes were spherical with an average diameter of 131 nm. The formulation exhibited a controlled drug release profile and demonstrated a twofold increase in antibacterial activity against MRSA compared to non-liposomal Tigecycline.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results highlighted the significant role of formulation parameters in tailoring transferosomal characteristics and enhancing therapeutic performance. The study builds on existing research by introducing Tigecycline-a broad-spectrum antibiotic-into transfersomal systems for the first time. However, further in vivo validation is necessary.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes demonstrated improved drug delivery and antibacterial efficacy against MRSA. This novel formulation shows promise as an effective topical therapy for antibiotic-resistant SSTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starch Biopolymer Functionalized with Ipomoea batatas Extract: A Natural System for Bioactive Delivery in Type II Diabetes.","authors":"Brenda Avelina Lopez Muñiz, Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez, Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez","doi":"10.2174/0115672018385495250801091747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018385495250801091747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Natural compounds derived from plants, such as Ipomoea batatas, have shown therapeutic potential for its treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A starch-based biopolymer was developed and functionalized with a methanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas (IBM). Its physicochemical properties, such as swelling capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and extract release, were evaluated. In vivo tests were conducted on diabetic Danio rerio using two administration routes: immersion and oral delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biopolymer exhibited a swelling capacity of 333.03% and an encapsulation efficiency of 47.78%. In the zebrafish model, significant reductions in glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels were observed, along with inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation in groups treated with IBM and BP-IBM.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results suggest that the biopolymer preserves the chemical integrity of the extract and improves its bioavailability, enabling a significant therapeutic effect. The dual administration routes provide flexibility and demonstrate the efficacy of the delivery system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The starch-based system functionalized with I. batatas extract proved to be a promising and non-toxic platform for the delivery of bioactive metabolites in type 2 diabetes models, with potential for future therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Capecitabine-Loaded Microsponges for Colon Targeting.","authors":"Subhabrota Majumdar, Sanjay Dey, Beduin Mahanti, Banhishikha Kar, Amit Kumar Nayak, Ayan Kumar Kar","doi":"10.2174/0115672018389882250704071618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018389882250704071618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Capecitabine (CAP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used via oral administration for the management of metastatic cancers of the breast and colon. CAP is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and slows tumor growth. The objective of the current research was to develop colon-targeting CAP-loaded microsponges by using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique employing Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) and Ethyl Cellulose (EC) as constituent polymers at different ratios with varying stirring speeds (rpm).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, CAP-loaded microsponges were formulated by using the quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method with HPC and EC as polymers at different ratios with varying stirring speeds. The 32-factorial design was used to perform the statistical optimization of CAPloaded microsponges. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study of the optimized formulation of CAP-loaded microsponges was performed using Albino Wistar Rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the statistical optimization, the F1 formulation prepared using a 1:1 ratio of HPC and EC with 1000 rpm stirring speed was selected for its effective drug release (31.13 ± 1.73% after 8 hours and 69.57 ± 2.53% after 12 hours) and the highest drug entrapment efficiency (73.09 ± 3.54%). The high Cmax, low tmax, and 1.48-fold improvement in AUC0-∞ indicated that the optimized formulation of CAP-loaded microsponges, compared to an aqueous solution of CAP, revealed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability of CAP when administered orally.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicated the potential delivery of CAP by these CAP-loaded microsponges to the colon, enabling sustained delivery and improving the bioavailability of CAP. However, comparative evaluation with existing market formulation and stability studies is essential to validate its therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed CAP-loaded microsponges could serve as an effective carrier for the sustained release of CAP, thereby improving the oral bioavailability of CAP for the management of colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured Systems for Effective Transdermal Drug Delivery.","authors":"Renu Kadian","doi":"10.2174/0115672018355526250311045617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018355526250311045617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the least invasive, recognized potential routes for both local and systemic drug delivery and the most patient-friendly methods of administering therapeutic agents is transdermal drug delivery. It minimizes gastrointestinal side effects, prevents hepatic first-pass metabolism, lowers dosage frequency, and boosts patient compliance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to examine the nanostructured systems for transdermal drug delivery, focusing on their types, design, development and mechanism in enhancing drug permeation through the skin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review article synthesized findings from recent studies on nanostructured systems used in transdermal drug delivery systems. With a particular focus on offering a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery methods and augmentation strategies, the author examines current trends and potential uses of transdermal technologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanostructured systems have shown increased drug penetration, improved bioavailability and controlled release profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nanostructured systems offer a versatile and effective approach to overcoming the limitations of traditional transdermal drug delivery methods. Future research should focus on optimizing these systems for clinical applications, ensuring safety and regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}