Current drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"Bioactive Supermolecules: The Promising Assemblies Presented in Traditional Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Zhongrui Li, Yu Zheng, Haoyue Ge, Lei Wang, Chao Han","doi":"10.2174/0115672018405057251201120940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018405057251201120940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rooted in Eastern philosophy and culture, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has safeguarded human health for millennia and remains a vital source for novel drug discovery. Notably, supramolecular nanostructures, spontaneously formed through non-covalent interactions among multiple bioactive components, have been identified in TCM and show significant therapeutic potential. These supramolecules exhibit unique therapeutic advantages by improving the aqueous solubility of lipophilic bioactive constituents and demonstrating synergistic pharmacological effects with reduced toxicity profiles. This review consolidates recent advances in three categories of supramolecular nanoplatforms, focusing on: (1) self-assembled nanoaggregates from TCM decoction, (2) self-assembled carbonized nanoarchitectures from Chinese carbonized drugs, and (3) self-assembled extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles from Chinese fresh herbs. This paper mainly introduces the nanoplatforms' morphology, self-assembled mechanisms, and pharmacological activities of these supramolecules. Bioactive supramolecular assemblies derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offer novel insights into TCM's material foundation and present potential therapeutic alternatives for disease treatment, thereby advancing TCM modernization efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes in Retinal Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Themes.","authors":"Jing Yuan","doi":"10.2174/0115672018423467260331183835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018423467260331183835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research on exosomes in retinal diseases has developed rapidly, but there is no clear summary of the overall publication pattern, core authors, and topics at different times. Using bibliometric methods to describe the trend of outputs, main research groups, and changing hotspots from 2009-2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for English-language original research papers on exosomes and retinal diseases in Web of Science Core Collection (2009-2025). Bibliometrix (R), CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were utilised to quantify the annual output and citations, determine the leading countries, institutions, authors, and journals, construct the collaboration network, and keyword co-occurrence/bursts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 244 articles. More than half of the publications were from China, followed by the United States and Japan. Tianjin Medical University and Nanjing Medical University produced the most papers. Experimental Eye Research published the highest number of papers. Among all authors, Hu Zizhong and Xie Ping had the greatest impact on the dataset. Keyword mapping found five themes and showed that the focus of research has changed over time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The five topics covered are as follows: (1) Mechanisms of exosome action; (2) Neuroprotection and regeneration; (3) Biomarkers and therapeutic applications; (4) Disease progression pathways; (5) Clinical translation and drug delivery. Recently, some work has gradually focused on exosome biogenesis, microRNA-related regulation, improved experimental models, and translational applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Field conclusions are increasing and becoming increasingly related in different countries, institutions, and topics abroad. Analysis of the main contributors and focus movement; The focus has shifted from descriptive studies to mechanistic and translational research, and microRNArelated studies and exosome-based delivery strategies have become important directions for future retinal research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Delivery of Vorinostat-Loaded Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Gel for the Treatment of Psoriasis.","authors":"Tarnjot Kaur, Nikita Hinge, Sudeep Pukale, Mukesh Nandave, Mohd Nazam Ansari, Jyoti Upadhyay","doi":"10.2174/0115672018428961260217153102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018428961260217153102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCs) are promising nanocarriers for topical drug delivery due to their ability to enhance bioavailability and reduce systemic side effects. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a vorinostat-loaded LLCs gel for the treatment of psoriasis, to improve skin drug retention, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vorinostat-loaded LLCs were prepared using glycerol monooleate as the lipid phase and Poloxamer 407 as a stabilizer. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The LLCs were incorporated into a Carbopolbased gel and evaluated for in vitro drug release, skin permeation, and retention. In vivo efficacy was assessed in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model using PASI scoring, histopathology, and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LLCs showed a particle size of 236.6 ± 7.05 nm, PDI of 0.27 ± 0.04, zeta potential of - 17.42 ± 0.28 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 81.65 ± 1.12%. Incorporation into gel enhanced skin drug retention by fourfold compared to plain vorinostat gel. The gel demonstrated sustained drug release up to 72 h without a burst effect. In vivo, vorinostat LLCs gel (0.05%) significantly reduced PASI scores, normalized histological features, and decreased Ki-67 expression compared to plain gel and marketed formulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The enhanced therapeutic efficacy is due to the skin-lipid interactions of LLCs and their inherent hydrating properties, which together promote improved skin penetration, prolonged drug retention within the skin layers, and restoration of the skin barrier. Reduced systemic absorption further minimizes potential adverse effects, while the topical route ensures targeted delivery directly to psoriatic lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vorinostat-loaded LLCs gel offers a stable, sustained-release, and skin-retentive formulation that significantly improves psoriasis treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic Versus Sonodynamic Therapy In Vitro: Antimicrobial Activity of Liposomal Rose Bengal.","authors":"Omar Molina-Alejandre, Norma Angélica Villanueva-Martínez, María Guadalupe Nava-Arzaluz, Laura Abril Pérez-Carranza, Andrea Becerril-Osnaya, Gonzalo Hedain López-Mera, Raúl Dalí Cruz-Morales, Diego Sánchez-García, Ivette Martínez-Vieyra, Yolanda I Chirino, Octavio Ispanixtlahuatl-Meraz, Adriana Ganem-Rondero, Doris Cerecedo","doi":"10.2174/0115672018442090260408103550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018442090260408103550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the antimicrobial effect of Photodynamic (PT) and Sonodynamic Therapy (ST) applying Rose Bengal (RB) loaded in liposomes, intended for the treatment of skin infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Formulations with standard soy lecithin (TSRB) and water-soluble soy lecithin (TWRB) were prepared and characterized by: (i) FTIR-ATR and DSC, and measuring size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential; (ii) in vitro release and permeation tests, visualizing the distribution of RB in the skin by confocal laser microscopy; (iii) stability tests under different conditions; (iv) occlusion capacity tests; (v) determination of antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and (vi) cytotoxicity tests with HaCaT keratinocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both formulations exhibited encapsulation rates > 93% and particle sizes < 100 nm. TWRB was more stable, delaying RB release (12.8 % at 8h) and facilitating its penetration into the skin. MRSA was inhibited with PT and ST. P. aeruginosa was inhibited with TWRB/ST. Viability was >80% in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with TWRB/PT; however, acoustic cavitation caused significant cell detachment, precluding cytotoxicity assessment in ST assays.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>TWRB exhibited good technological and stability properties, capable of delaying RB release while enhancing its penetration into the skin. Although MRSA (Gram-positive) was inhibited, the most interesting results were obtained with P. aeruginosa (a Gram-negative bacterium, difficult to eradicate), as TWRB/ST completely inhibited it at a lower concentration than the RB solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results, particularly with P. aeruginosa, provide a basis for further studies using this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Microneedle Technology for Targeted Therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Neha Kanojia, Geeta Deswal, Ajmer Singh Grewal, Jatin Kumar, Komal Thapa, Anjna Sharma, Ameya Sharma, Divya Dheer, Vivek Puri, Lata Rani, Vishakha Saini","doi":"10.2174/0115672018425956260117232402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018425956260117232402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The fourth major cause of death worldwide is Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The existing therapies have only a small effect on alleviating symptoms, mainly because the therapeutic agents are difficult to cross the bloodbrain barrier. The purpose of the review is to discuss the potential of microneedle-based transdermal delivery systems to improve the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system and thereby manage neurodegenerative diseases effectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The article summarizes and synthesizes the available literature that targets the strategies of microneedle-mediated drug delivery. The literature on the design, composition, pharmacokinetics, and mechanistic benefits of different microneedle platforms for surmounting central nervous system barriers was identified and thematically synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microneedle systems have emerged as non-invasive delivery systems with the potential for localized and sustained drug delivery, overcoming the stratum corneum and the blood-brain barrier. Micro-needles can be used to deliver small molecules, peptides, and nanoparticles to the brain, thereby avoiding systemic side effects and enhancing drug bioavailability. Some of those designs include dissolving, coated, hollow, hydrogel-forming, and stimuli-responsive microneedles, which have been shown to target the brain and exhibit higher therapeutic efficiency in preclinical models.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although technological advances have improved, the clinical translation of microneedlebased strategies remains limited. The future directions could include using microneedles with stem cell-based therapies, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, artificial intelligence-based delivery systems, and responsive release technology to facilitate customized treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Microneedle-based drug delivery systems are promising in overcoming the current limitations in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, a large-scale clinical validation is necessary to guarantee safety, efficacy, and scalability to be applied to real-life scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Derived Nanostructured Drug Delivery Systems for Attenuating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: Raising Concerns, Recent Trends, and Comparative Advancements.","authors":"Madhukar Garg, Pallavi Bassi, Neeraj Mittal, Sandeep Kumar, Piyush Bansal, Neha Sharma, Athrv Arora, Sapna Kumari, Geeta Deswal, Ajmer Singh Grewal","doi":"10.2174/0115672018435704260121072844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018435704260121072844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a major global health burden. Although conventional therapies are effective, they are often associated with systemic side effects, poor target specificity, and corticosteroid resistance. This study emphasizes the therapeutic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds, when integrated into Nanostructured Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), for improved COPD management. This is a narrative review based on a comprehensive literature search across major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to July 2025. The analysis focused on phytochemicals with proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as on nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles, designed to enhance pulmonary targeting and delivery efficiency. Phytochemicals, including curcumin, baicalein, quercetin, berberine, and andrographolide, have shown remarkable efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in preclinical COPD models. However, their therapeutic utility is hindered by poor solubility and rapid metabolism. Integration into nanostructured carriers enhanced pulmonary accumulation by 3-6-fold, prolonged drug release up to 24-48 hours, and reduced dosing frequency by approximately 50%, while minimizing systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-Based on Natural Medicines: A Promising Alternative for Psoriasis Management.","authors":"Tianyi Wang, Dan Dai, Runxue Li, Linna Zhao, Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115672018420091260407071454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018420091260407071454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Initially affecting the skin, it may also involve the nails and joints, often requiring lifelong medication. Despite recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis, the chronic and recurrent nature of psoriasis poses ongoing challenges for long-term drug management. While natural medicines offer higher safety profiles and fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs, their development as clinical candidates for psoriasis is constrained by low bioavailability, limited solubility, poor permeability, and instability. For instance, specific nanocarriers have been shown to significantly improve therapeutic outcomes; curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (50 nm) demonstrated a 48.23±0.77% drug loading capacity with over 85% release within 72 hours, while hyaluronic acid-modified ethosomes increased skin retention by 2.3-fold compared to conventional formulations in preclinical models. This paper systematically reviews the structure and advantages of nanocarrier systems, including liposomes, nanoparticles, nanofibers, micelles, nanogels, and nanoemulsions. It focuses on the preparation, preclinical, and clinical progress of nanocarriers for key natural bioactive compounds, including resveratrol, curcumin, oleuropein, psoralen, natural oils, and complex natural mixtures. We aim to highlight the potential of nanotechnology-based on natural drugs as an alternative strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of psoriasis while reducing side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lansoprazole/β-Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Development, Characterization, and Anti-Ulcer Activity Evaluation on Rats.","authors":"Bader B Alsulays","doi":"10.2174/0115672018449532260409081159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018449532260409081159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastric ulcers are among the most common diseases worldwide, affecting individuals of all ages and genders. Lansoprazole (LNS) is one of the first-choice treatments for ulcers. In this study, β-Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks (β-CD-MOFs), which have recently attracted attention for biomedical applications, were used as carriers for LNS to enhance its physicochemical properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>β-CD-MOF crystals were prepared, and LNS was successfully loaded into the crystals in the presence of MgO. Pure LNS and the formulation were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and in vitro release studies. The anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in male Wistar albino rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dissolution studies revealed that approximately 90% of LNS was released from the formulation within 60 minutes, and the formulation's color remained unchanged after exposure to light. The formulation demonstrated a significant reduction in mucosal erythema and mucosal surface lesions, as well as a higher percentage of ulcer index inhibition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Loading of LNS into β-CD-MOF enhanced its release and photostability. In vivo studies suggest that the formulation has a potent anti-ulcerogenic capability comparable to that of LNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>β-CD-MOF, a promising carrier in drug delivery, improves the properties of LNS and further enhances its anti-ulcer activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of New Furo[2,3-b] pyridine Derivative: Molecular Docking, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Enhanced by Silver Nanoparticle Formulation.","authors":"Menier Al-Anazi, Mohammad M Ibrahim, Abdullah Al-Fawwaz, Maram B Alhawarri, Hasan AbuMahmoud, Ahmad Al Shra'ah, Fatimah Alotaibi, Mody Albalawi, Aliyah Alhawiti, Wejdan Al-Anazi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018416447251208213751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018416447251208213751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pyridine-based derivatives are well-known for their broad-spectrum therapeutic applications, particularly as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. However, clinical utility is often hindered by poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and nanoparticle-based enhancement of a novel furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethyl 3-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(p-tolyl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (compound 3) was synthesized and structurally characterized using NMR, FT-IR, MS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess binding interactions with methionyltRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 3KFL) and xanthine oxidoreductase (PDB ID: 1R4U). ADME parameters were predicted using SwissADME. To improve solubility, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Compound 3 and characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant assays were performed to validate in silico findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of compound 3 to both target enzymes, supporting its potential antimicrobial and antioxidant roles. ADME analysis demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, with high gastrointestinal absorption, acceptable bioavailability, and compliance with Lipinski and related drug-likeness rules, but consistently poor solubility predictions across multiple models. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a size range of 44-64 nm and significantly enhanced the solubility and stability of compound 3. In vitro assays demonstrated that the AgNPs exhibited superior antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and a marked increase in antioxidant potential, achieving 64.62% radical scavenging activity compared to 16.49% for the free compound.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The integration of nanotechnology with pyridine-based pharmacophores effectively addressed the limitations of solubility and bioavailability. The enhanced biological efficacy of AgNPs underscores their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents targeting microbial infections and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a promising nanoparticle-assisted strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of pyridine-based compounds. The dual antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of furo[2,3- b]pyridine-based AgNPs offer a valuable platform for the deve.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: Quality by Design Principles, Applications, Market Landscape, and Innovative Technologies.","authors":"Anjaneya Prasad Vvp, Kalirajan Rajagopal, Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri, Gowramma B, Sunil Songa","doi":"10.2174/0115672018423698260116093016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018423698260116093016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One promising alternative to the oral approach is drug administration via the oral mucosa. Sublingual refers to the administration of drugs through the mouth that are rapidly absorbed by the blood vessels \"under the tongue.\" In terms of efficacy and patient compliance, the sublingual route is better than the oral route of delivery. Sublingual drug delivery systems provide a rapid onset of action, bypass first-pass liver extraction in the gastrointestinal route, and achieve high bioavailability through enzymatic degradation. This article highlights the quality-by-design philosophy, the everchanging market environment, and innovative sublingual drug delivery systems. A methodical approach to drug creation known as Quality by Design (QbD) emphasises incorporating quality into a product from the start rather than testing it after the fact. QbD ensures a robust, well-understood production process and a high-quality, safe, and effective sublingual product. Particularly for biomolecules and poorly soluble drugs, innovative technologies for sublingual drug delivery systems concentrate on increasing patient compliance, prolonging retention duration, and optimising drug absorption. 3D printing, sophisticated polymer systems, and micro- and nanotechnologies are instances of emerging strategies. The regulatory framework and current state of clinical trials in this field are also critically analyzed in this narrative review.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}