Current drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of New Furo[2,3-b] pyridine Derivative: Molecular Docking, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Enhanced by Silver Nanoparticle Formulation.","authors":"Menier Al-Anazi, Mohammad M Ibrahim, Abdullah Al-Fawwaz, Maram B Alhawarri, Hasan AbuMahmoud, Ahmad Al Shra'ah, Fatimah Alotaibi, Mody Albalawi, Aliyah Alhawiti, Wejdan Al-Anazi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018416447251208213751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018416447251208213751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pyridine-based derivatives are well-known for their broad-spectrum therapeutic applications, particularly as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. However, clinical utility is often hindered by poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and nanoparticle-based enhancement of a novel furo[2,3-b]pyridine derivative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethyl 3-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(p-tolyl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (compound 3) was synthesized and structurally characterized using NMR, FT-IR, MS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess binding interactions with methionyltRNA synthetase (PDB ID: 3KFL) and xanthine oxidoreductase (PDB ID: 1R4U). ADME parameters were predicted using SwissADME. To improve solubility, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Compound 3 and characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant assays were performed to validate in silico findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities of compound 3 to both target enzymes, supporting its potential antimicrobial and antioxidant roles. ADME analysis demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, with high gastrointestinal absorption, acceptable bioavailability, and compliance with Lipinski and related drug-likeness rules, but consistently poor solubility predictions across multiple models. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a size range of 44-64 nm and significantly enhanced the solubility and stability of compound 3. In vitro assays demonstrated that the AgNPs exhibited superior antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and a marked increase in antioxidant potential, achieving 64.62% radical scavenging activity compared to 16.49% for the free compound.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The integration of nanotechnology with pyridine-based pharmacophores effectively addressed the limitations of solubility and bioavailability. The enhanced biological efficacy of AgNPs underscores their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents targeting microbial infections and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a promising nanoparticle-assisted strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of pyridine-based compounds. The dual antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of furo[2,3- b]pyridine-based AgNPs offer a valuable platform for the deve.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublingual Drug Delivery Systems: Quality by Design Principles, Applications, Market Landscape, and Innovative Technologies.","authors":"Anjaneya Prasad Vvp, Kalirajan Rajagopal, Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy Karri, Gowramma B, Sunil Songa","doi":"10.2174/0115672018423698260116093016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018423698260116093016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One promising alternative to the oral approach is drug administration via the oral mucosa. Sublingual refers to the administration of drugs through the mouth that are rapidly absorbed by the blood vessels \"under the tongue.\" In terms of efficacy and patient compliance, the sublingual route is better than the oral route of delivery. Sublingual drug delivery systems provide a rapid onset of action, bypass first-pass liver extraction in the gastrointestinal route, and achieve high bioavailability through enzymatic degradation. This article highlights the quality-by-design philosophy, the everchanging market environment, and innovative sublingual drug delivery systems. A methodical approach to drug creation known as Quality by Design (QbD) emphasises incorporating quality into a product from the start rather than testing it after the fact. QbD ensures a robust, well-understood production process and a high-quality, safe, and effective sublingual product. Particularly for biomolecules and poorly soluble drugs, innovative technologies for sublingual drug delivery systems concentrate on increasing patient compliance, prolonging retention duration, and optimising drug absorption. 3D printing, sophisticated polymer systems, and micro- and nanotechnologies are instances of emerging strategies. The regulatory framework and current state of clinical trials in this field are also critically analyzed in this narrative review.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and Drug-Delivery Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain, Lung, and Liver.","authors":"Rokgi Hong, Budjav Jadamba, Gyeongmin Jeong, Younghoon Jang, Jun Go, Heedoo Lee","doi":"10.2174/0115672018418913251206062505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018418913251206062505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), encompassing exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, facilitating the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids between cells and thereby influencing a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Their inherent biocompatibility, nanoscale size, and ability to reflect the molecular signatures of their parental cells have positioned EVs as promising therapeutic agents for various diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary disorders, for which conventional therapies often provide limited or nonspecific benefits. Notably, EVs can traverse biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, enhancing their clinical applicability by enabling drug delivery to anatomically protected sites. Furthermore, patient-derived EVs exhibit distinct molecular profiles compared with healthy controls, underscoring their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and modulators of disease pathogenesis, with growing evidence demonstrating their ability to distinguish disease subtypes, predict prognosis, and monitor therapeutic responses. Accumulating evidence also indicates that EVs regulate immune responses, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling, thereby contributing to both physiological homeostasis and pathological processes. Engineered EVs further offer innovative drug delivery solutions by improving therapeutic precision while minimizing adverse effects associated with conventional systems, and they hold considerable promise for future personalized- medicine strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge on the diverse roles of EVs across major organ diseases, highlights their translational potential as both therapeutic agents and biomarkers, and discusses emerging challenges that must be addressed for successful clinical translation. By providing a comprehensive overview, this study aims to advance the clinical translation of EVs in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Targeting <i>via</i> Nasal Delivery: Enhanced Docetaxel Delivery Using Mucoadhesive-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles.","authors":"Ruba S Darweesh, Alaa Abu Dayah, Nusaiba K Al-Nemrawi, Anas Alshishani","doi":"10.2174/0115672018387477251207182543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018387477251207182543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brain cancer treatment is hindered by the complexity of the brain and the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the efficacy of anticancer drugs. This study aimed to enhance the delivery of Docetaxel (DTX) for brain cancer treatment through intranasal administration using mucoadhesive polymer coatings on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Intranasal delivery bypasses the BBB, providing a direct nose-to-brain route with faster drug action. Enhancing mucoadhesion and drug permeation could improve drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes while reducing systemic side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DTX-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared and coated with chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), and glycol chitosan (GCS). The NPs were characterized for particle size, surface charge, morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and loading capacity (LC%). Mucoadhesion and drug release profiles were evaluated in vitro, while pharmacokinetic studies were performed in vivo using rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The coated NPs had sizes ranging from 209.33 to 339.94 nm with a positive surface charge, spherical shape, and smooth surfaces. Encapsulation efficiency exceeded 98.88%, and loading capacity ranged from 45.23% to 48.83%. In vitro studies confirmed enhanced mucoadhesion and biphasic drug release patterns. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed significantly improved drug absorption, with higher Cmax and AUC0-∞ values for coated NPs compared to uncoated NPs and nonformulated DTX.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DTX absorption through the nasal mucosa is enhanced, possibly due to the mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing characteristics of CS and its derivatives. While promising, further studies including efficacy and safety evaluations are needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DTX-loaded PLGA NPs coated with CS, CMCS, and GCS demonstrated enhanced mucoadhesion, improved pharmacokinetics, and superior nasal mucosal absorption. This approach holds potential for targeted brain cancer therapy by reducing dosage requirements and minimizing systemic side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes as Advanced Nanocarriers: Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier for Targeted Therapeutic Delivery in Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Farhang Aliakbari, Mehregan Rahmani, Kimia Marzookian, Narges Nasrollahi Boroujeni, Alireza Alikhanian, Fahimeh Ghasemi, Daniel E Otzen, Dina Morshedi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018430706251211094801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018430706251211094801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types, have emerged as promising natural nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery. Their intrinsic ability to cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) positions them as valuable tools for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review critically examines exosome biology, transport mechanisms, engineering strategies, and their clinical potential as drug-delivery platforms for the Central Nervous System (CNS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed recent experimental, translational, and clinical studies on exosomes and engineered derivatives, focusing on BBB penetration, therapeutic cargo delivery, and applications in brain disorders. Key advances and landmark preclinical studies were synthesized to provide a comprehensive perspective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exosomes cross the BBB through receptor-mediated transcytosis, lipid raft-associated uptake, and macropinocytosis, enabling bidirectional transport between circulation and brain. Their intrinsic cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, can reflect disease states and serve as predictive biomarkers. Engineered exosomes further enhance delivery potential, as surface functionalization and optimized cargo loading improve brain specificity and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. Collectively, both native and engineered exosomes surpass many synthetic carriers in stability, targeting, and BBB penetration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Versus previous reviews, this manuscript integrates exosome composition, engineering, isolation technologies, and administration routes, while also addressing patent and clinical translation challenges. Importantly, it highlights quantitative and mechanistic insights into BBB transport, offering a distinct framework for advancing exosome-based CNS therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosomes constitute a versatile platform for BBB-crossing drug delivery. By consolidating mechanistic, preclinical, and translational evidence, this review highlights their transformative potential in neurodegenerative disease therapy while outlining limitations and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pH/Enzyme Dual-Responsive Dropping Pill System for Colon-Targeted Delivery of Naringin.","authors":"Xintao Qiu, Yuanyuan Chen, Jing Shu, Kai Jiang, Shi Wang, Qing Min, Yuting Bai, Hui Yao","doi":"10.2174/0115672018454615260331100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018454615260331100148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ulcerative colitis requires targeted therapy to enhance efficacy and minimize systemic side effects. This study aimed to address the low bioavailability and nonspecific release of naringin, a natural anti-inflammatory flavonoid, by developing a colon-targeted delivery system for ulcerative colitis treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pill core was prepared via a melt-dropping method and optimized using orthogonal experimental design. The pH/enzyme dual-responsive coating was refined using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. In vitro release was evaluated in a gradient pH model (gastric pH 1.2, intestinal pH 6.8, colonic pH 7.6) with enzymatic tolerance tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal core conditions were a drug-to-matrix ratio of 1:3, melting temperature of 90°C, and condensation temperature of 5°C, producing pills with 33% drug loading and excellent sphericity. The optimized coating contained 1.6% dibutyl phthalate and 0.80% ethyl cellulose, and achieved 20.60% weight gain. The formulation exhibited <20% cumulative release in gastric and intestinal fluids, and approximately 75-78% release in colonic fluid within 10 hours. Release kinetics best fit the Weibull model (R² = 0.9785), indicating a diffusion-controlled mechanism.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This dual-responsive system overcomes the limitations of single-trigger colon-targeted formulations due to individual variability, ensuring colon-specific delivery. However, the static dissolution model may not fully replicate the dynamic colonic environment, and in vivo studies are needed to confirm therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A pH/enzyme dual-responsive dropping pill system for colon-targeted naringin delivery was successfully developed and optimized. The formulation showed promising in vitro release profiles and holds potential for localized treatment of ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano Self-assembly of μ-Conotoxin CnIIIC with Enhanced Muscle Relaxation Effect.","authors":"Yiman Wu, Xiufang Ding, Qian Zhang, Sida Zhang, Changcai Liu, Ruihua Zhang, Jianfu Xu, Peng Fu","doi":"10.2174/0115672018422661251207211951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018422661251207211951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Muscle relaxants are fundamental to modern anesthesia, primarily targeting voltage-gated sodium channels. While μ-conotoxin CnIIIC is a potent peptide inhibitor, its clinical translation is hindered by poor metabolic stability and rapid systemic clearance. This study aimed to overcome these limitations and enhance its therapeutic potential via a rational molecular self-assembly strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two novel derivatives of μ-conotoxin CnIIIC (S1-CnIIIC and S2-CnIIIC) were designed and synthesized through site-specific side-chain modification. Their self-assembly properties were systematically characterized, and their efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model by measuring the duration of neuromuscular blockade, which was compared against the native peptide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S1-CnIIIC demonstrated a moderate propensity for self-assembly. In contrast, S2-CnIIIC efficiently formed micellar structures with a critical micelle concentration of 524.8 μM, indicating a superior self-assembly capability. In vivo, S2-CnIIIC not only exhibited a significantly prolonged duration of neuromuscular blockade but also showed a reduced systemic toxicity profile compared to the native CnIIIC.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The molecular self-assembly approach markedly enhanced the stability and overall pharmacological performance of the peptide inhibitor. Our findings indicate that side-chain engineering effectively modulates the supramolecular assembly process, which in turn facilitates a more controlled drug release kinetics. The exceptional in vivo performance of S2-CnIIIC underscores the potential of rationally designed peptide nanostructures to address key challenges in peptide-based drug development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular self-assembly presents a robust strategy to advance the clinical translation of μ-conotoxin derivatives. Specifically, the S2-CnIIIC derivative emerges as a highly promising candidate for next-generation muscle relaxants, successfully combining a prolonged neuromuscular blockade with an improved safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fabrication, Characterization, and Ulcerative Colitis Treatment of Colonic Targeting Microspheres Loading Baicalein Nanocrystals Based on the \"Nano in Micro\" Strategy.","authors":"Ziwei Li, Yiwen Hu, Xiaochao Huang, Jilin Wang, Xiaojiao Feng, Tingen Zhang, Wenzhuo Yang, Linhui Zhang, Xiaotong Hou, Ruihong Jian, Pengyu Shen, Jiaxin Pi","doi":"10.2174/0115672018423512260126213101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018423512260126213101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with an increasing global incidence. Current clinical therapies are often limited by insufficient efficacy and adverse effects, highlighting the urgent need for safe and effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop a colon-targeted drug delivery system based on a \"nano-in-micro\" strategy for UC therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baicalein nanocrystal microspheres (BE-NC MS) were prepared using an emulsification- internal gelation method. Their morphology, particle size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were characterized. In vitro drug release behavior was evaluated. A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC model was established in C57BL/6 mice, and therapeutic efficacy was assessed after 7 days of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BE MS and BE-NC MS exhibited uniform particle sizes of 186.22 ± 0.69 μm and 185.49 ± 0.38 μm, respectively. The drug was effectively encapsulated and successfully delivered to the colon. Compared with baicalein (BE), baicalein nanocrystals (BE-NC), and (Baicalein microspheres) BE MS, BE-NC MS significantly alleviated UC symptoms and markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in colon tissue.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of BE-NC MS may be attributed to colon-specific delivery and improved bioavailability provided by the nano-in-micro formulation, enabling effective suppression of colonic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BE-NC MS represents a promising colon-targeted delivery system and offers a potential new strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> Wound Healing Effects of the Niosomal Formulations Containing <i>Narcissus tazetta</i> L. Bulb Extract.","authors":"Masoumeh Hakimi, Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri, Abbas Pardakhty, Elham Jafari, Jafar Ahmadi, Hossein Pardakhty, Maryam Rameshk, Fariba Sharififar","doi":"10.2174/0115672018447717260126061154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018447717260126061154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>In vitro</i> studies have demonstrated the wound-healing effects of <i>Narcissus</i> tazetta L. bulb. This study investigates the wound healing effect of different topical niosomal creams and gel of the standardized extract of <i>Narcissus</i> bulb in an animal model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Niosomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method using percolated extraction of <i>Narcissus</i>bulbs and characterized pharmaceutically. Two niosomal (Span/Tween 40 with alcoholic plant extract and Span/Tween 60 with aqueous botanical extract lipid vesicles) creams and gels containing aqueous or alcoholic bulb extract were investigated in wound healing in male Wistar rats compared to Alpha® ointment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean volume diameter of prepared niosomes was between 6.87 and 18.70 μm, 48 hours after preparation. The niosomal formulations of <i>Narcissus</i> bulb extract, whether in cream or gel form, enhance wound healing by enabling advanced penetration of encapsulated herbal compounds.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>On the 7th day after wound formation, the wound surface of the cream and gel groups had a significant decrease compared to the control group, but on the 9^th day, a significant difference was observed only between the gel group and the control group. On the 11^th day, the wound surface area reduction of Alpha® ointment, free extract, and niosomal gel groups was significantly different from the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Niosomal formulations of <i>Narcissus</i> bulb has potential for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications, which require further animal and clinical studies to determine the mechanism of action and potential side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Enhancement of Skin Whitening and Repair After Medical Aesthetics: A Triple Permeation System Combining Nanocarriers, Atomization, and Electro-Permeation Technology.","authors":"Juntong Li, Dan Luo, Jun Deng, Junpeng Yuan, Ruifang Han, Shuyu Wang, Jian Zhou, Wei Liu, Bin Cui","doi":"10.2174/0115672018426483251223115253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018426483251223115253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The majority of post-procedure skin whitening and repair methods for postmedical aesthetic procedures fail to achieve desired skin whitening and repair functionality due to limitations in stability and skin penetration capability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To address this issue, we developed a Triple Permeation System (TPS) integrated nanocarrier, atomization, and electro-enhanced permeation technologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five active ingredients were encapsulated into the liposomes via high-pressure homogenization technology to form a composite nanocarrier named PRO-Peptide311.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PRO-Peptide311 effectively increased cellular uptake and significantly decreased tyrosinase activity, melanin expression, ROS levels, and the secretion of inflammatory factors at the cellular level. Moreover, the skin whitening efficacy was confirmed using a 3D skin model. When combined with atomization and electro-enhanced permeation technologies, PRO-Peptide311 demonstrated substantially improved percutaneous penetration compared to any single technology alone.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The enhanced performance of TPS highlights the synergistic effect achieved through combining nanocarrier encapsulation with physical enhancement techniques. This integrated approach effectively overcomes key limitations in transdermal delivery, such as poor stability and insufficient penetration of multi-functional active compounds. The system shows strong potential for application in managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and lays the foundation for the future development of advanced skincare delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TPS-based delivery system not only alleviates post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation following aesthetic procedures but also holds promise for broadening the scope of transdermal therapies in dermatology and cosmeceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}