Current drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"pH-responsive Nanomedicine Delivery Platform Based on Silicon Nanoparticles for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Tumor Cells.","authors":"Jiahui Lu, Yihao Zhang, Changan Hao, Zhaoqian Chen, Yiting Yang, Yakun Dou","doi":"10.2174/0115672018487892260727155707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018487892260727155707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) are attractive bioimaging probes, but their emission is mainly confined to the blue-green region, resulting in poor penetration into tissues and strong autofluorescence interference. Moreover, most systems based on Si NPs are designed for single-function imaging or sensing, which limits their use in the delivery and treatment of tumortargeted drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Long wavelength fluorescent Si NPs with high physicochemical stability have been synthesised and incorporated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for drug delivery. Chlorine e6 (Ce6) has been encapsulated as a photosensitizer. The resulting nanocomposites were coated with polydopamine (PDA) and functionalised with folic acid (FA) to realize active tumor-targeting capability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The synthesized Si NPs showed stable long-wavelength fluorescence suitable for biological imaging. The FA-Si NPs-MSNs-PDA@Ce6 nanocomposite benefited from the FA-mediated targeting, increased permeability and retention effects and demonstrated increased tumor accumulation and cellular uptake. This strategy achieved tumor-specific fluorescence imaging, permitted real-time tracking of tumor cells, and boosted intracellular Ce6 delivery, thereby significantly elevating the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency Discussion: This study presents a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines long-wave fluorescence imaging and pH-sensitive photodynamic therapy, thereby overcoming the significant limitations of traditional silicon nanoparticle-based systems. Targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs improve the accuracy of therapy and the effectiveness of imaging, and offer a promising strategy for tumor theranostics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multifunctional drug delivery nanoplatform based on Si NPs integrating targeted fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy has been successfully developed. This system holds great promise for tumor-targeted drug delivery and integrated theranostic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rutin and Scopoletin Co-Loaded Niosomes for Intranasal Brain Delivery: Formulation Optimization and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Evaluation.","authors":"Rama Tyagi, Jahnavi Bhar, Neeraj Kumar, Vikram Sharma, Swati Madan, Ahmed M Aljameeli, Fahaad S Alenazi, Mashael M Alaradi, Afaf F AlMaqati, Abdulkareem Ali Alanezi, Mohammed Helmy Faris Shalayel, Ghassab M Al-Mazaideh, Nadeem Ahmad Siddique","doi":"10.2174/0115672018473163260713051930","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672018473163260713051930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Rutin (R) and scopoletin (S) are natural flavonols, which have been shown to reduce heart disease, improve blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and even prevent diabetes. Certain physicochemical properties, such as poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability of RS, diminish their therapeutic effectiveness. This study aims to develop the RS niosomes formulation (RS-Ns-Opt) to improve the bioavailability and solubility of RS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipid-derived vesicles enclosing RS were developed by the thin-film hydration method, whereas surfactants and cholesterol formed the RS niosome. RS-Ns-Opt were developed and evaluated using the thin-film hydration method, drug release, DPPH assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), ex vivo nasal mucosa permeation, UV analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanosize vesicles (55.22 nm) of RS-Ns-Opt were formed within an acceptable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.234). In contrast, the entrapment efficiency of R (72.64%) and S (72.44%) indicates efficient uniformity and automatic surface interaction. Moreover, RS-Ns-Opt exhibited notable drug release (79.96 ± 0.68%) and effective antioxidant activity (70.11 ± 3.07%) compared with RS suspension drug release (23.49 ± 2.11%) and antioxidant potential (75.59 ± 0.75%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The CLSM study found that RS-Ns-Opt loaded with rhodamine B showed superior penetration compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The planned RS-Ns-Opt niosomes can improve the bioavailability of RS and are expected to gain wide consideration in the near future for healthcare applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic Acid-functionalized Liposomal Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Photothermal Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Xinying He, Shengli Wan, Qingze Fan, Die Gao, Xiaoqin Zhang, Xinyue Yang, Xiaoying Zhao, Jianming Wu, Yu Jiang","doi":"10.2174/0115672018469694260715113353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018469694260715113353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>ICG suffers from poor photostability and rapid clearance in PTT. This study constructs an FA-modified, pH/NIR responsive COF nanodelivery system for targeted ICG delivery and precise controlled release.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FA-Lip-IC was prepared by solvent evaporation. TEM and dynamic light scattering characterized morphology and size. Drug release was evaluated under different pH conditions with or without an 808 nm laser. Photothermal properties were assessed by an 808 nm laser. CLSM and flow cytometry analyzed FR-mediated cellular uptake. Biocompatibility was evaluated using an MTT assay, a hemolysis test, and a zebrafish model. Pharmacokinetics was monitored by blood fluorescence intensity in rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FA-Lip-IC showed uniform spherical morphology with a size of 577.4 ± 9.42 nm. The cumulative drug release reached 92.56 ± 0.81% at pH 5.5 with NIR irradiation. FA modification increased cellular uptake by ID8 and 4T1 cells. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, FA-Lip-IC induced a local temperature increase of > 20°C, with significantly higher cytotoxicity than free ICG. Hemolysis rate was < 3%, normal cell viability > 87%, zebrafish hatching rate > 90%, and blood circulation time was prolonged.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This platform integrates the high loading capacity of COFs with liposome biocompatibility. FA targeting and pH/NIR-responsive release enhance treatment precision. A limitation is the lack of in vivo efficacy data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FA-Lip-IC combines photothermal stability, active tumor targeting, and stimuliresponsive release, offering a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional PTT and advance precision cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nystatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Coated Fabric: A Promising Approach for the Management of Diabetic Foot Fungal Infections.","authors":"Fahad Zubair, Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Sanaa Anjum, Yali Zhu","doi":"10.2174/0115672018465558260701062442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018465558260701062442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the major complications in diabetic patients is foot disease. The microbial infections associated with this condition lead to skin infections, nail disease, and diabetic dermopathy. Nano-coating of textile fabric can be an approach to producing antimicrobial surfaces used as prophylactic agents to combat this foot disease.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nystatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were impregnated onto cotton fabric. The nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method and coated onto the fabric.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characterization showed a mean particle size of 154.6 nm and a zeta potential of +51.3 mV, indicating high stability. FTIR showed marked changes in peak positions, indicating interactions among chitosan, nystatin, and the fabric. SEM confirmed the presence of nanoparticles on the fabric, and XRD showed a change in the crystalline structure. The antifungal potential of the coated fabric was tested against C. albicans, with a ZOI of 23.5 mm before and 17.16 mm after washing cycles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The coated fabric showed an initial burst release of nystatin followed by controlled diffusion, aligning with previous reports. Its antifungal activity remained stable after ten washing cycles, demonstrating superior durability compared to earlier fabric coatings. As this study was limited to in vitro evaluation, further in vivo validation is warranted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The coated fabric showed good antifungal activity with minimal loss of its inherent textile properties and preserved this effect after washing cycles. It can be used to make footwear for diabetic patients as a prophylactic measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Nanomedicine: AI-Driven Smart Carrier Design for Precision Skin Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Nilesh Meshram, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, Laxmikant Borse, Sudarshan Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115672018449461260428052800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018449461260428052800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer, one of the most common malignancies globally, continues to present major therapeutic hurdles such as limited drug penetration, high systemic toxicity, and tumor recurrence. Nanomedicine has emerged as a powerful approach to overcome these challenges by enabling targeted, localized, and controlled drug delivery. Within this framework, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the way smart carriers are designed and optimized, moving drug development from trial-and-error to predictive, data-driven strategies. AI algorithms, including machine learning and deep learning, can predict drug-nanocarrier interactions, optimize particle size and surface chemistry for dermal penetration, and simulate release kinetics tailored to the tumor microenvironment. Intelligent nanocarriers developed with AI assistance also facilitate combination therapies such as chemo-, immuno-, and photodynamic therapy, offering synergistic benefits against resistant skin cancers. Furthermore, AI enables the personalization of treatment by analyzing patient-specific genomic and clinical data, guiding the creation of safer and more effective nanomedicine formulations. Despite these promising advancements, significant barriers remain in terms of data quality, model validation, and regulatory acceptance of AI-driven nanomedicine. Nonetheless, the convergence of AI and smart carrier technology represents a paradigm shift in precision oncology. This review uniquely emphasizes AI-guided nanocarrier design, optimization, and personalization specifically for skin cancer therapy, distinguishing it from broader AI-oncology reviews by focusing on smart drug-delivery systems rather than general diagnostic or predictive modeling applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SNEDDS as a Drug Delivery Carrier for BCS Class III and IV Drugs.","authors":"Jyoti Kumari, Dharmendra Kumar, Pramod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115672018480731260629120132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018480731260629120132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) are lipid-based systems for drug delivery characterized by poor aqueous solubility and/or limited intestinal permeability, which are overcome by the spontaneous formation of nanosized oil-in-water emulsions upon exposure to gastrointestinal fluids. The progress of SNEDDS over the past years has led to higher levels of solid SNEDDS, supersaturable formulations, and multifunctional platforms incorporating bioenhancers to address both solubility- and permeability-limited absorption, particularly for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class III and IV drugs. This review critically summarizes and synthesizes key developments reported between 2020 and 2025, with emphasis on formulation strategies, mechanistic insights, biorelevant evaluation approaches, and translational considerations. Recent evidence also suggests that optimised SNEDDS may lead to improved drug solubilisation, modification of intestinal membrane permeability, inhibition of efflux transporters, and reduced presystemic metabolism, translating into improved and more consistent oral bioavailability. Preclinical and emerging clinical studies have shown increased systemic exposure, decreased pharmacokinetic variability, and, in some cases, further improved therapeutic outcomes across diverse drug classes. The significance of solidification technologies, digestion-aware formulation design, and quality-by-design frameworks as factors to enhance scalability and achieve reproducibility has also emerged from the review. Nevertheless, despite such great progress, there are still challenges, such as physiological variability in gastrointestinal conditions, surfactant-related tolerability, stability during storage and digestion, regulatory considerations, and the requirement for robust in vitro and in vivo translational models to be established. Taken together, SNEDDS represent a flexible and evolving platform for oral delivery of challenging drug candidates, with continued innovation expected to support their broader clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roxadustat-loaded pH-sensitive Anionic Liposomes Ameliorating Experimental Colitis in Mice: Formulation, Cellular Uptake and In vivo Evaluation.","authors":"Guiping Kong, Yucan Zheng, Yan Lu, Zhifeng Liu, Weixia Cheng","doi":"10.2174/0115672018472623260702202237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018472623260702202237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Roxadustat, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase, has therapeutic potential for colitis but is limited clinically by poor water solubility and rapid gastrointestinal absorption. This study aimed to develop a pH-responsive, intestinal-targeted nanocarrier to enhance its oral bioavailability and anti-colitis efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Roxadustat-loaded liposomes (ROX-LP) were prepared via thin-film hydration with DSPG-PEG2000, cholesterol, and sodium cholate, then coated with Kollicoat MAE 100 P to form ROX-MAE@LP. The formulation was evaluated for physicochemical properties, in vitro release, cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROX-MAE@LP showed excellent encapsulation and uniform spherical morphology, with pH-dependent release (markedly increased at pH 6.8 and 7.4). Enhanced cellular uptake was observed in Caco-2 cells under intestinal pH-mimicking conditions. In rats, the oral bioavailability of ROX-LP (150.32±9.22%) and ROX-MAE@LP (255.36±12.82%) was improved compared with roxadustat suspension, and ROX-MAE@LP had a prolonged mean residence time (14.66±1.97 h). In a murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model, ROX-MAE@LP alleviated inflammation, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promoted mucosal repair, outperforming ROX-LP and free roxadustat.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The pH-responsive coating and intestinal-targeted property of ROX-MAE@LP effectively address the poor solubility and rapid absorption of roxadustat, enhancing local intestinal concentration and therapeutic effect in colitis, showing high potential for oral inflammatory bowel disease therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROX-MAE@LP is an effective intestine-targeted delivery system that improves roxadustat's solubility, bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease, while offering additional options for the development of novel roxadustat-based preparations and pHresponsive nanocarriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Ocular Formulation for Enhanced Permeation of Timolol Maleate.","authors":"Areen Alshweiat, Sereen Omar Emran, Bashar Altaani, Razan Haddad","doi":"10.2174/0115672018476116260629073604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018476116260629073604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Timolol Maleate (TM) is primarily used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure. However, its efficacy is limited by poor ocular bioavailability (<5%) and systemic side effects. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosan (LMWC)-based complexes in an eye formulation to sustain TM release and enhance its corneal permeability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TM-LMWC Polyelectrolyte Complexes (PECs) were prepared by ionic interactions between TM and LMWC and characterized for particle size, polydispersity, surface charge, and physicochemical properties. TM Liquid Medicated Nanoparticle Formulations (LMFs) were prepared by the solvent diffusion method, and their dissolution behaviors, release kinetics in simulated tear fluid, and ex vivo permeation through sheep corneas were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prepared TM nanoparticles showed a uniform particle size (185-258 nm) and a positive zeta potential exceeding +26 mV, with encapsulation efficiency ranging from 28 to 35%. The formation of a polycationic complex was confirmed by the thermal and structural analyses. The LMFs showed a reduced particle size (65-130 nm). Moreover, the TEM image of LMF 4 revealed a spherical nanoparticle with a smooth surface. Sustained drug release was observed over 24 hours and best fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a Fickian diffusion (n < 0.45). Ex vivo studies showed LMF1 increased flux (2.54 ± 0.04 μg cm-2 h-1) and permeation coefficient (0.00987 cm·h⁻¹), representing a 2.62-fold increase in TM permeation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Chitosan molecular weight influenced PEC particle size due to differences in polymer chain length and viscosity. A sustained release of TM from LMFs was observed as TM was entrapped within the chitosan matrix and had to diffuse through the polymer or be released by matrix erosion. The enhanced corneal permeability was attributed to the mucoadhesive properties of the nanoparticles and their interaction with the corneal epithelium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TM-based nanoparticle formulation enhanced corneal permeation and sustained TM release, offering a promising approach to improve ocular bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvia Miltiorrhiza Nanovesicles: A Strategy to Reprogram Myeloid Cells for Atherosclerosis Therapy via Immune Modulation.","authors":"Hongjun Xu, Rui Zhang, Ruoyu Wu, Hetong Xu, Jing Kong, Weiya Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhao, Zefei Chu, Shengjun An","doi":"10.2174/0115672018445366260417044410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018445366260417044410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research has shown that herbal medicine-derived vesicles act as biological agents and drug carriers. This study explores how Salvia miltiorrhiza nanovesicles alleviate atherosclerosis by regulating myeloid cells and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prepared SDNVs using high-speed centrifugation and analyzed them with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and live imaging. Atherosclerosis was studied in ApoE-/- mice using models with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Macrophages were classified with immunofluorescence staining, and cytokines and inflammatory factors were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Flow cytometry identified bone marrow stem cells, progenitor cells, and blood cell types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SDNVs exhibited characteristics of plant extracellular vesicles and significantly lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels in atherosclerotic mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed fewer pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and more anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in arterial plaques. qRT-PCR and ELISA revealed reduced levels of inflammatory markers in the aorta and serum. Flow cytometry showed decreased bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (Lin- Sca-1+ cKit+), progenitor cells (MPP4), and monocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood. SDNVs also inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization in BMDMs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SDNVs exert potent anti-atherosclerotic effects through lipid regulation and immune modulation, thus advancing PDEV-based therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. Limitations involve the use of a single ApoE-/- mouse model and unclear underlying mechanisms of cellular SDNV uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDNVs demonstrate immune-regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. They effectively enter the body and modulate bone marrow cell, blood cell production, macrophage behavior, and inflammation, thereby slowing the progression of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-co-delivery Systems Combining Chemical and Photodynamic Therapy against Breast Cancer.","authors":"Hua Cai, Yi Cen, Nannan Zhao, Yushuo Gao, Yuting Liu, Ziyi Yi, Xindong Liu, Min Li, Jianyu Huang, Shiying Li, Lin Xu","doi":"10.2174/0115672018464536260630210204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018464536260630210204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Objective: Combination therapy is considered an effective strategy to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This study aimed to develop a Pluronic F127-based nano-codelivery system (FDC) encapsulating docetaxel (DTX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to enhance the efficacy of PDT using Ce6 and the chemotherapy effect of docetaxel (DTX).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FDC was prepared by the thin film hydration method. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, and 7‑day colloidal stability were characterized. Cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (using DCFH‑DA and SOSG probes), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), apoptosis (flow cytometry), and live/dead staining were evaluated in 4T1 breast cancer cells under light irradiation (630 nm, 29.8 mW/cm², 5 min). Statistical comparisons used Student's t‑test or one‑way ANOVA, with p < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FDC exhibited a uniform hydrodynamic diameter of 200.33 ± 7.71 nm, a PDI of 0.392 ± 0.03, high drug loading efficiency, and good stability over 7 days. Compared with free Ce6, FDC significantly enhanced cellular uptake of Ce6 and markedly increased ROS generation upon light irradiation (p < 0.01). Cytotoxicity assays, apoptosis analysis, and live/dead staining also showed that FDC plus light induced the strongest anti-tumor effect, showing better antitumor effect than free Ce6, free DTX, and the physical mixture of Ce6+DTX Discussion: The improved anti-tumor effect of FDC may be related to enhanced cellular uptake of Ce6 and the co-delivery of DTX and Ce6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FDC nano-co-delivery system represents a promising strategy for chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy against breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94287,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}