World journal of nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Providing care for kidney transplant recipients: An overview for generalists.","authors":"Amer A Belal, Alfonso H Santos, Amir Kazory, Abhilash Koratala","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99555","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease, offering superior quality of life and survival compared to dialysis. This manuscript provides an updated overview of post-transplant care, highlighting recent advancements and current practices to assist generalists in managing these patients. It covers key areas such as immunosuppression strategies, drug interactions, and the management of transplant-specific acute kidney injury. The focus includes the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and cell-free DNA monitoring for evaluating allograft health and immune-mediated injury. The manuscript reviews the fundamentals of immunosuppression, including both induction and maintenance therapies, and underscores the importance of monitoring kidney function, as well as addressing hypertension, diabetes, and infections. It also provides recommendations for vaccinations and cancer screening tailored to kidney transplant recipients and emphasizes lifestyle management strategies, such as exercise and sodium intake, to reduce post-transplant complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of variation coefficient of stone density in determining success of shock wave lithotripsy in urinary calculi.","authors":"Nadeem Iqbal, Aisha Hasan, Sajid Iqbal, Sadaf Noureen, Saeed Akhter","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.96946","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.96946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various stone factors can affect the net results of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Recently a new factor called variation coefficient of stone density (VCSD) is being considered to have an impact on stone free rates.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the role of VCSD in determining success of SWL in urinary calculi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Charts review was utilized for collection of data variables. The patients were subjected to SWL, using an electromagnetic lithotripter. Mean stone density (MSD), stone heterogeneity index (SHI), and VCSD were calculated by generating regions of interest on computed tomography (CT) images. Role of these factors were determined by applying the relevant statistical tests for continuous and categorical variables and a <i>P</i> value of < 0.05 was gauged to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 407 patients included in the analysis. The mean age of the subjects in this study was 38.89 ± 14.61 years. In total, 165 out of the 407 patients could not achieve stone free status. The successful group had a significantly lower stone volume as compared to the unsuccessful group (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Skin to stone distance was not dissimilar among the two groups (<i>P</i> = 0.47). MSD was significantly lower in the successful group (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). SHI and VCSD were both significantly higher in the successful group (<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VCSD, a useful CT based parameter, can be utilized to gauge stone fragility and hence the prediction of SWL outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"96946"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerular filtration rate and comorbidity factors in elderly hospitalizations.","authors":"Hatice Hamarat","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.98837","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.98837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With an increase in the elderly population, the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace. This, in turn, has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments. Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir. At admission, we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories: G1, G2, G3a, G3b, G4, and G5. We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the patients was 80.8 years (± 4.5 years). GFR was 57.287 ± 29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m² in women and 61.3 ± 31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m² in men (<i>P</i> = 0.106). Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage (32.8%). The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia (34.4% and 28.6%) and malnutrition (20.9% and 20.8%) in women and men, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.078). The most frequent comorbidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension (<i>n</i> = 168, 28%), followed by diabetes (<i>n</i> = 166, 27.7%) (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When evaluating geriatric patients, low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information. Patients' comorbid factors should also be taken into account. There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-related diagnoses. Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"98837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in liver cirrhosis patients: Current perspective.","authors":"Sudheer Marrapu, Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.102381","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In liver cirrhosis patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality, often leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This progression reflects a complex interplay of renal and hepatic pathophysiology, with AKI acting as an initiator through maladaptive repair mechanisms. These mechanisms-such as tubular cell cycle arrest, inflammatory cascades, and fibrotic processes-are exacerbated by the hemodynamic and neurohormonal disturbances characteristic of cirrhosis. Following AKI episodes, persistent kidney dysfunction or acute kidney disease (AKD) often serves as a bridge to CKD. AKD represents a critical phase in renal deterioration, characterized by prolonged kidney injury that does not fully meet CKD criteria but exceeds the temporal scope of AKI. The progression from AKD to CKD is further influenced by recurrent AKI episodes, impaired renal autoregulation, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which compound kidney damage. The clinical management of AKI and CKD in cirrhotic patients requires a multidimensional approach that includes early identification of kidney injury, the application of novel biomarkers, and precision interventions. Recent evidence underscores the inadequacy of traditional biomarkers in predicting the AKI-to-CKD progression, necessitating novel biomarkers for early detection and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"102381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-driven strategies for managing renal and urinary complications in inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Ya-Xiong Guo, Xiong Yan, Xu-Chang Liu, Yu-Xiang Liu, Chun Liu","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.100825","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we discuss the article by Singh <i>et al</i> published in <i>World Journal of Nephrology</i>, stating the need for timely adjustments in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients' long-term management plans. IBD is chronic and lifelong, with recurrence and remission cycles, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It's exact etiology is unknown but likely multifactorial. Related to gut flora and immune issues. Besides intestinal symptoms, IBD can also affect various extraintestinal manifestations such as those involving the skin, joints, eyes and urinary system. The anatomical proximity of urinary system waste disposal to that of the alimentary canal makes early detection and the differentiation of such symptoms very difficult. Various studies show that IBD and it's first-line drugs have nephrotoxicity, impacting the patients' life quality. Existing guidelines give very few references for kidney lesion monitoring. Singh <i>et al</i>'s plan aims to improve treatment management for IBD patients with glomerular filtration rate decline, specifically those at risk. Most of IBD patients are young and they need lifelong therapy. So early therapy cessation, taking into account drug side effects, can be helpful. Artificial intelligence-driven diagnosis and treatment has a big potential for management improvements in IBD and other chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"100825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of kidney transplantation on sexual dysfunction in patients with end stage renal disease: A systematic review.","authors":"Jaydeep Jain, Mahendra Singh, Shashank Kumar, Om Kumar Yadav, Ankit Shettar, Shiv Charan Navriya, Deepak Prakash Bhirud, Gautam Ram Choudhary, Arjun Singh Sandhu","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.97373","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.97373","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with a multitude of physical, psychological, and social health challenges, including a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health. Among males with ESRD, erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent due to factors such as underlying comorbidities, including diabetes and hypertension, and the physiological effects of long-term dialysis. Kidney transplantation (KTx) has been proposed as a potential intervention to mitigate the effects of ED by restoring renal function and improving hormonal balance. However, the evidence surrounding the effectiveness of KTx in improving sexual function, specifically erectile function (EF), remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of KTx on sexual dysfunction (SexDys), particularly ED, in male ESRD patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the benefits and potential harms of KTx compared to other forms of renal replacement therapy in improving EF in adult males with ESRD, assessed using the international index of EF (IIEF), to survey the prevalence of SexDys in this population, and to assess the correlation between various factors and SexDys through regression analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies, as well as cross-sectional studies assessing EF pre- and post-transplantation, were included. These studies used validated tools such as the IIEF to measure EF. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot and the Egger's test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 2419 studies were identified, with 362 abstracts screened and 193 full-text articles reviewed. Ultimately, 11 studies were included for qualitative analysis and 7 for quantitative synthesis. The random effects model for SMD yielded a combined estimate of 0.43 (95%CI: -0.20-1.07), indicating a small but non-significant improvement in EF post-transplantation. The heterogeneity across studies was substantial (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;² = 90%), reflecting significant variability in outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed greater improvements in EF among living-donor transplant recipients compared to those receiving organs from deceased donors. Despite this trend, the overall result for changes in EF was not statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.15). Additionally, the combined HR from the meta-analysis was 2.87 (95%CI: 1.76-4.69), suggesting that KTx significantly increases the likelihood of improved EF, though variability between studies persisted (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;² = 63%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;While KTx","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"97373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease without anaemia but iron deficiency: A scoping review.","authors":"Abdulrahman Alsunaid, Sebastian Spencer, Sunil Bhandari","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101576","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), often managed reactively when associated with anaemia. This scoping review evaluates the evidence supporting intravenous (IV) iron therapy in non-anaemic individuals with CKD and ID, focusing on safety, efficacy, and emerging therapeutic implications. Current diagnostic markers, including serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and reticulocyte haemoglobin content, are reviewed alongside their limitations in the context of inflammation and variability. The pathophysiology of ID in CKD is explored, highlighting the roles of hepcidin, hypoxia-inducible factor pathways, and uraemic toxins. Comparative studies reveal that IV iron offers a more rapid correction of iron stores, improved compliance, and fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral iron. Evidence from trials such as \"iron and heart\" and \"iron and muscle\" suggests potential benefits of IV iron on functional capacity and fatigue, though findings were statistically non-significant. Insights from heart failure trials support the safety and efficacy of IV iron in improving quality of life and reducing hospitalizations, with newer formulations like ferric derisomaltose demonstrating favourable safety profiles. This review underscores the need for standardized screening protocols for ID in CKD, even in the absence of anaemia, to facilitate earlier intervention. Future research should prioritise robust outcome measures, larger sample sizes, and person-specific treatment strategies to optimise dosing and administration frequency. Tailored approaches to IV iron therapy have the potential to significantly improve functional outcomes, quality of life, and long-term health in people with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of sodium bicarbonate for treating metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdul Hannan Siddiqui, Fizzah Batool, Shayan Khan, Syed Shabbeer Rizvi, Saad Usman, Huzaifa Jawed, Muhammad Hammad Ali, Tatheer Zehra, Abdul Rafay Adil, Masifah Anwar, Areeba Hanif, Saad Khalid Hassan, Mark William Noble, Abdul Moeed, Salim Surani","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101078","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney dysfunction and reduced filtration capacity due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) lead to a shift in the body's acid-base balance, ultimately causing metabolic acidosis (MA). Sodium bicarbonate has been used as a supplement to alleviate the symptoms and reverse the acidosis, and it may even slow the progression of CKD. However, its safety profile and overall effectiveness are uncertain.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing sodium bicarbonate's safety and efficacy for treating CKD-induced MA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were systematically searched from inception until May 2024 to select all relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-RCT (NRCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate in correcting MA in end-stage renal disease patients. In addition, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medrxiv.org, and Google Scholar were searched for other literature. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to derive mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) with their 95%CI for continuous and dichotomous outcomes respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following a systematic search of the databases, 20 RCTs and 2 and NRCTs comprising 2932 patients were included in our study. The results revealed that sodium bicarbonate significantly increased serum bicarbonate in CKD patients (MD: 2.59, 95%CI: 0.95-4.22; <i>P</i> = 0.02; <i>I</i> ² = 95%). However, there was a non-significant increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients on sodium bicarbonate therapy (MD: 0.93, 95%CI: -1.88-3.75; <i>P</i> = 0.52; <i>I</i> ² = 93%). Upon assessment of the safety profile of sodium bicarbonate, no significant association was found in the outcomes of death/prolonged hospitalization (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 0.84-1.32; <i>P</i> = 0.66; <i>I</i> ² = 0%), or gastrointestinal disorders (RR: 1.64, 95%CI: 0.35-7.66; <i>P</i> = 0.53; <i>I</i> ² = 76%), or worsening edema (RR: 1.26, 95%CI: 0.94-1.68; <i>P</i> = 0.12; <i>I</i> ² = 37%) when compared to control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sodium bicarbonate therapy may halt worsening kidney function by correcting serum bicarbonate levels and treating MA. Although sodium bicarbonate does not significantly improve the eGFR, it may potentially prevent CKD progression while maintaining an overall favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal disease in end-stage renal disease.","authors":"Ayesha Khan, Muhammad Mushtaq, Giri Movva, Aalam Sohal, Juliana Yang","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101917","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When kidney function declines to a point where it can no longer maintain life and requires renal replacement therapy (<i>i.e.</i> renal transplant or dialysis), it is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with ESRD often experience a range of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, with prevalence rates reported as high as 77%-79%. These symptoms and pathologies arise from various factors, including electrolyte imbalance, fluid imbalance, toxin buildup, uremia, medications, dietary and lifestyle restrictions, and the effects of dialysis. GI diseases in patients with renal failure can be further categorized into upper GI, small bowel, and lower GI issues. Common conditions include gastroesophageal reflux disease, nausea and vomiting, dysmotility within the esophagus and stomach, upper GI bleeding, peptic ulcer bleeding, angioectasia, irritable bowel syndrome, mesenteric ischemia, angiodysplasia, diverticular disease, constipation, pancreatitis, and diseases associated with peritoneal dialysis peritonitis and peritoneal stenosis. This review assesses the existing literature on the different GI diseases among individuals with ESRD, shedding light on their pathophysiology and prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of adult nephrotic syndrome: Minimal change disease.","authors":"Krishna Kumar Govindarajan","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101930","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The underlying molecular changes that result in minimal change disease (nephrotic syndrome) require an in-depth analysis. Current molecular studies have shown the involvement of zinc fingers and homeobox transcriptional factors in its pathogenesis. The application of therapeutic drugs relies on understanding the cascade of molecular events to determine their efficacy in managing the clinical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}