World journal of nephrology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> in atypical localizations: Five case reports.","authors":"Ayse Sena Celik, Hacer Yosunkaya, Aysel Yayilkan Ozyilmaz, Kemal Bugra Memis, Sonay Aydin","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.103027","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.103027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydatid cyst disease, caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>, primarily affects the liver and lungs, but it can also develop in rare locations such as the kidneys, thyroid, subcutaneous tissues, bones, and the mediastinum. These atypical presentations often pose diagnostic challenges, as they can mimic benign and malignant pathologies, leading to potential misdiagnoses and inappropriate treatments. Early and accurate detection of hydatid cysts in uncommon sites is crucial for optimal patient management.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>This case report series presents five patients with hydatid cysts located in atypical anatomical regions: The kidney, lumbar subcutaneous tissue, gluteal soft tissue, posterior mediastinum, and thyroid gland. The patients exhibited diverse clinical symptoms, including hematuria, palpable masses, localized pain, and chronic cough. Diagnosis was confirmed through a combination of imaging techniques-ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging-along with serological testing. All cases were managed with antiparasitic therapy (albendazole), and in selected cases, surgical excision was performed to prevent complications such as cyst rupture or secondary infections. Post-treatment follow-up demonstrated complete resolution or stable cystic lesions, with no signs of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recognizing hydatid cysts in atypical locations is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment strategies. Radiological imaging plays a key role in distinguishing hydatid cysts from other cystic and neoplastic conditions, while serological tests can aid in confirmation, particularly in endemic regions. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating radiology, clinical evaluation, and surgical expertise, is critical for effective diagnosis and management. This report highlights the need for increased awareness of extrapulmonary and extravisceral hydatid disease, emphasizing its significance in differential diagnosis and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"103027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic kidney disease in geriatric patients: Estimating glomerular filtration rate in older patients with comorbidities.","authors":"Guido Gembillo, Luca Soraci, Domenico Santoro","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.105803","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is an inevitable process that is usually measured by chronological age, with people aged 65 and over being defined as \"older individuals\". There is disagreement in the current scientific literature regarding the best methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in older adults. Several studies suggest the use of an age-adjusted definition to improve accuracy and avoid overdiagnosis. In contrast, some researchers argue that such changes could complicate the classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several formulas, including the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration, and Cockcroft-Gault equations, are used to estimate eGFR. However, each of these formulas has significant limitations when applied to older adults, primarily due to sarcopenia and malnutrition, which greatly affect both muscle mass and creatinine levels. Alternative formulas, such as the Berlin Initiative Study and the Full Age Spectrum equations, provide more accurate estimates of values for older adults by accounting for age-related physiological changes. In frail older adults, the use of cystatin C leads to better eGFR calculations to assess renal function. Accurate eGFR measurements improve the health of older patients by enabling better medication dosing. A thorough approach that includes multiple calibrated diagnostic methods and a detailed geriatric assessment is necessary for the effective management of kidney disease and other age-related conditions in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"105803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and treatment of stage IV renal cell carcinoma in academic <i>vs</i> non-academic medical centers.","authors":"Bob Weng, Marco Braaten, Jenna Lehn, Reid Morrissey, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Peter Silberstein, Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar, Abraham Mathews, Abubakar Tauseef, Mohsin Mirza","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.103923","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is treated with surgical resection as the gold standard, as it is notoriously resistant to systemic therapy. Advancements with targeted therapies contribute to declining mortality, but metastatic RCC (mRCC) survival remains poor. One possible factor is treatment at academic centers, which employ advanced providers and novel therapies. This study compared outcomes of mRCC in patients treated at academic/research facilities compared to those treated at non-academic centers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare survival outcomes of mRCC and their various etiologies between academic and non-academic centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Cancer Database was used to identify mRCC patients including all histology subtypes and stage IV disease. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier curves measured survival outcomes for user file facility types sorted into a binary academic/research and non-academic research variable. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard testing generated odds ratio and hazard ratio. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29.0 using a significance level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, academic facility patients experienced greater 5-year and 10-year overall survival than non-academic facility patients. Treatment at non-academic facilities was associated with increased odds of death that persisted even after controlling for age, tumor size, sex, and distance traveled to treatment center. In comparison, non-academic facility patients also experienced greater risk of hazard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with mRCC treated at academic/research facilities experienced increased survival compared to patients treated at non-academic facilities, were more likely to be younger, carry private insurance, and come from a large metropolitan area. They also were significantly more likely to receive surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"103923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of adult patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.","authors":"Saima Ahmed, Tabassum Elahi, Muhammed Mubarak, Ejaz Ahmed","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.102713","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.102713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) is the most severe form of lupus nephritis (LN). There are limited data available on renal outcomes of PLN from developing countries.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes in terms of remission, requirement of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and patient survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on biopsy-proven focal or diffuse PLN cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2019 at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation and followed up at the renal clinic for a minimum of 5 years. All patients were induced with a combination of intravenous cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids for 6 months, followed by maintenance treatment with azathioprine (AZA) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22.0. <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus was 24.12 years ± 8.89 years, and at LN onset, 26.63 years ± 8.61 years. There was a female predominance of 184 (88.9%) cases. Among baseline characteristics, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, presence of hypertension, requirement of KRT, and underlying renal histology (International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society class IV than class III) were significantly associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality. The renal outcomes were negatively correlated with age, duration of symptoms, and 24-hour urinary protein excretion. The overall remission rate was 89.8% at the end of induction therapy. At 5 years, 141 (68.11%) patients were in complete and partial remission (94 [45.4%] and 47 [22.7%], respectively). In total, 19 (9.2%) patients required KRT on presentation, and at 5 years, 38 (18.4%) patients developed ESKD, and 28 (13.5%) patients died. Thirty-four (16.4%) patients had a renal relapse, more with AZA than MMF (30 [88.2%] <i>vs</i> 4 [11.76%], respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.04). Renal survival at 6 months was 89.8%, while at 5 years, it was 68.11%, showing a significant improvement in patients who did not need KRT at the time of presentation (<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline renal functions, requirement of KRT, and diffuse proliferative disease were the most relevant prognostic factors for kidney survival among this cohort. Short-term renal outcomes were good. Long-term outcomes were poorer with AZA-based maintenance therapy than with MMF, with more ESKD and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"102713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between private insurance and living donor kidney transplant: Affordable Care Act as a natural experiment.","authors":"Kathleen Perry, Miko Yu, Joel T Adler, Lindsey M Maclay, David C Cron, Sumit Mohan, Syed A Husain","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.101419","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.101419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Private insurance coverage is associated with higher rates of living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) but whether this is attributable to confounding is not known.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the association between increased access to private health insurance and LDKT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study using United States transplant registry data. We identified incident candidates aged 22-29 years who were waitlisted for a kidney-only transplant from 2005-2014, excluding prior transplant recipients and those with missing data. We calculated the hazard of LDKT after waitlisting for those with private insurance <i>vs</i> other insurance pre-Affordable Care Act (ACA) <i>vs</i> post-ACA, using death and delisting as competing events, for candidates affected by the policy change (age 22-25 years) <i>vs</i> those who were not (age 26-29 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13817 candidates were included, of whom 46% were age 22-25 years and 54% were age 26-29 years. Among candidates aged 22-25 years at listing, those listed post-ACA were more likely to have private insurance compared to those listed pre-ACA (42% <i>vs</i> 35%), but there was no difference in private insurance coverage between eras among candidates aged 26-29 years at listing. In adjusted competing risk regression, privately insured patients age 22-25 years were less likely to receive a LDKT post-ACA compared to pre-ACA [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-1.00], as were those aged 22-25 years old with other insurance types (HR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.69-0.92). These associations were not seen among candidates age 26-29 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Candidates age 22-25 years were likelier to have private insurance post-ACA, without an increased rate in LDKT. Demonstrations of associations between insurance and LDKT are likely attributable to residual confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"101419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends in diabetic renal complications in United States adults: A center for disease control and prevention wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research analysis (1999-2020).","authors":"Abdullah Naveed Muhammad, Faizan Ahmed, Sherif Eltawansy, Ahila Ali, Bazil Azeem, Muhammad Kashan, Zaima Afzaal, Mushood Ahmed, Kainat Aman, Aman Amanullah, Muhammad Naveed Uz Zafar, Pawel Lajczak, Ogechukwu Obi","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.105815","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.105815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal complications of diabetes mellitus pose a significant public health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding temporal trends and regional disparities in mortality related to diabetic nephropathy is crucial for guiding targeted interventions and policy decisions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To display the trends and disparities of diabetic nephropathy related mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted using death certificate data from the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research analysis (WONDER) database, spanning from 1999 to 2020, to investigate mortality related to renal complications of diabetes in adults aged 35 or above. Age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100000 persons and annual percent change (APC) were computed, with stratification by year, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1999 and 2020, a total of 525804 deaths occurred among adults aged 35 to 85+ years due to renal-related issues associated with diabetes. AAMR for renal-related deaths in adult diabetic patients showed a consistent increase from 1.6 in 1999 to 34.9 in 2020 (average APC [AAPC]: 17.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.35-28.79). Throughout the study period, men consistently had higher AAMR (overall AAMR for men: 17.8; 95%CI: 17.7-17.9). In 1999, the AAMR for men was 1.8, increasing to 44.2 by 2020 (AAPC: 17.54; 95%CI: 13.09-29.53), while for women, it was 1.6 in 1999 and rose to 27.6 by 2020 (AAPC: 15.55; 95%CI: 13.35-21.10). American Indian/Alaska Native adults exhibited the highest overall AAMR (36.1; 95%CI: 35.2-36.9), followed by Black/African American (25.5; 95%CI: 25.3-25.7). The highest mortality was observed in the Western (AAMR: 16.6; 95%CI: 16.5-16.7), followed by the Midwestern region (AAMR: 14.4; 95%CI: 14.314.4). Significant variations in AAMR were observed among different states, with Oklahoma recording the highest (21.2) and Connecticut the lowest (7). The CDC WONDER database could potentially have omissions or inaccuracies. It does not provide data outside of the available variables. Furthermore, dataset after 2020 was not included in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight an alarming rise in mortality related to renal complications of diabetes among United States adults over the past two decades, with concerning disparities across demographic and geographic factors. These results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, policies, and protocols to address the growing burden of diabetic nephropathy and substantially reduce mortality rates in the United States. This will help improve the overall health outcome in the United States by identifying communities at risk and implementing tailored assistance to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"105815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving outcomes in foley catheterization: A retrospective review with a proposed protocol.","authors":"Jordan Sarver, Remington Farley, Shane Daugherty, Jordan Bilbrew, Joshua Palka","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.104207","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urologists are commonly consulted regarding difficult and traumatic urethral catheterizations. Complications surrounding Foley catheterizations represent a significant burden to the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the demographic and patient characteristics surrounding urological consultation for difficult and traumatic Foley catheterizations at our institution across multiple hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-institution, multi-hospital, 263 patient, retrospective chart review from Jan 2020-December 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of consultations (80.2%) did not require heroic measures by the urology service. A Foley catheter placement was determined not difficult in the majority 191 (72.6%) of patients. Sub-group analysis of \"difficult by urology\" <i>vs</i> \"not difficult by urology\", showed a significant difference between those with zero attempts, one attempt, and greater than one attempts (<i>P</i> = 0.004). Those patients specifically with greater than one attempts were more likely to be seen as a difficult insertion by urology assessment (60.6%) compared to not difficult (38.6%). Likewise, those patients with a history of difficult urethral catheter (DUC)/traumatic urethral catheterization (TUC) (25.8%) were more likely to be difficult compared to those without a history of DUC/TUC (14.2%) (<i>P</i> = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that majority of consultations received did not require heroic measures by the urology service to place a catheter. Patients who had a history of DUC/TUC and those who had greater than one catheter attempts were statistically more likely to be a DUC based on urology assessment. At our institution we hope to propose a protocol in which nursing staff and non-urologic clinicians will utilize a troubleshooting checklist and an algorithm when difficult or traumatic urethral catheters are encountered in order to improve patient care and decrease healthcare costs. For example, this protocol would ideally address complications of multiple catheter attempts such as urethral trauma, development of urethral strictures, and infection risk. Additionally, future trainings and availability of additional resources will be provided and assessed with a goal of reducing healthcare cost surrounding these complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"104207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients: Three case reports.","authors":"Prathap Kumar Simhadri, Renish Contractor, Deepak Chandramohan, Matthew McGee, Udit Nangia, Mohammad Atari, Syed Bushra, Sanjana Kapoor, Ramya Krishna Velagapudi, Pradeep K Vaitla","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.100530","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gram-negative infection, predominantly by <i>Escherichia coli.</i> It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages. Malakoplakia commonly affects the urinary bladder but has been shown to affect any solid organ, including the native and transplanted kidney. However, isolated malakoplakia of the kidney allograft is rare. Transplant recipients with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop malakoplakia.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We report three cases of kidney allograft parenchymal malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppression that were successfully managed with good outcomes. We described the clinical characteristics of all the kidney allograft malakoplakia cases documented in the literature. A total of 55 cases of malakoplakia were reported in recipients with a history of kidney transplant. A total of 27 recipients had malakoplakia involving the allograft, and others had malakoplakia in other organs. The common presentations included allograft dysfunction, pyelonephritis, and allograft or systemic mass. Most recipients had favorable outcomes with appropriate management that included prolonged antibiotic therapy and adjustment of immunosuppression. We reviewed the published literature on all the cases of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients so far and summarized the etiology, management, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case series provides an overview of the etiology, presentation, pathogenesis, and management of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"100530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric renal tumors: An insight into molecular characteristics, histomorphology and syndromic association.","authors":"Mousmi Agrawal, Amit K Chowhan","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.99380","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.99380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric renal tumors are rare and accounts for about 7% of all paediatric malignant tumors. The spectrum of paediatric renal tumors ranges from benign to malignant. Benign tumors include cystic nephroma, metanephric tumors and ossifying renal tumor of infancy. Tumor with low grade malignancy includes mesoblastic nephroma. Malignant tumors are nephroblastoma, clear cell sarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, anaplastic sarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Additionally, there are molecularly defined renal tumors, which includes renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with MiT translocations, <i>ALK</i>-rearranged RCC, eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC and SMARCB1- deficient renal medullary carcinoma. These tumors apart from having characteristic clinical presentation and histomorphology, also carry typical molecular mutations and translocations. Certain renal tumors have association with various genetic syndromes such as Beckwith-Weidmann syndrome, Wilm's tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies and mental retardation syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome and DICER syndrome. This review article focusses on molecular characteristics, histomorphology and syndromic association of pediatric renal tumors, their immunohistochemical approach to diagnosis with recent updates in molecularly defined renal tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"99380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal tubular acidosis: Varied aetiologies and clinical presentations: Three case reports.","authors":"Akhila Bhandarkar, Anwitha Varmudy, Hiya Boro, Sowrabha Bhat","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.104760","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i2.104760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by defective acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to metabolic acidosis. This case series presents three cases of RTA with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations. These cases emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive evaluation of RTA, considering both renal and systemic origins.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>The first case describes a female patient with osteopetrosis-related RTA, diagnosed with Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome, emphasizing the importance of genetic assessment. The second case delineates RTA secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, associating tubular dysfunction with glomerular pathology. In the first two cases whole exome sequencing confirmed genetic diagnosis. The third case illuminates RTA as a complication of Graves' disease, highlighting autoimmune implications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cases underscore the interdisciplinary approach essential in RTA management. Understanding the diverse pathophysiology of RTA aids in tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 2","pages":"104760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}