World journal of nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Distressing symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Maysoon Abdalrahim, Manal Al-Sutari","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101480","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an incapacitating illness associated with distressing symptoms (DS) that have negative impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the severity of DS and their relationships with HRQOL among patients with CKD in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sampling approach was used to recruit the participants. Patients with CKD (<i>n</i> = 140) who visited the outpatient clinics in four hospitals in Amman between November 2021 and December 2021 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System was used to measure the severity of the DS while the Short Form-36 tool was used to measure the HRQOL. Participants' mean age was 50.9 (SD = 15.14). Most of them were males (<i>n</i> = 92, 65.7%), married (<i>n</i> = 95, 67.9%), and unemployed (<i>n</i> = 93, 66.4%). The highest DS were tiredness (mean = 4.68, SD = 2.98) and worse well-being (mean = 3.69, SD = 2.43). The highest HRQOL mean score was for the bodily pain scale with a mean score of 68.50 out of 100 (SD = 32.02) followed by the emotional well-being scale with mean score of 67.60 (SD = 18.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with CKD had suboptimal HRQOL, physically and mentally. They suffer from multiple DS that have a strong association with diminished HRQOL such as tiredness and depression. Therefore, healthcare providers should be equipped with the essential knowledge and skills to promote individualized strategies that focusing on symptom management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing chronic kidney disease management: The potential of a multi-strain probiotic formulation.","authors":"Deodatta Chafekar","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101515","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which represents a significant global health concern, is characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function, leading to complications such as electrolyte imbalance, cardiovascular disease, and immune dysfunction. Standard CKD management includes dietary modifications, ketoanalogues supplementation, blood pressure and blood glucose control, hydration maintenance, and treatment of the underlying causes. Emerging evidence has indicated a significant role of the gut microbiota in CKD, and that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota contributes to the progression of CKD towards end-stage renal disease. Probiotics and prebiotics have recently garnered attention owing to their potential to enhance gastrointestinal health and well-being by restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. Specific probiotic strains, including <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, promote beneficial bacterial growth, suppress harmful bacteria, and exert anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic effects. The combination of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>, and <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> has demonstrated potential as a therapeutic formulation for CKD management in various studies, highlighting its promise in treating CKD; however, supporting evidence remains limited, making it crucial to conduct further investigations to determine the specific effects of different probiotic formulations on outcomes in patients with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Link between obstructive uropathy and acute kidney injury.","authors":"Guido Gembillo, Giuseppe Spadaro, Domenico Santoro","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99120","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive uropathy represents a major risk of acute kidney injury. From an epidemiological point of view, it is responsible for 5% to 10% of cases of acute renal failure and 4% of cases of end-stage kidney disease. Although obstructive uropathy is a recognized disease, there is a significant lack of detailed research on this topic from both a nephrological and urological perspective. The majority of published research focuses on the pathophysiology of the topic and neglects a comprehensive analysis of diagnostic and treatment approaches supported by current data. In this context, it is crucial to assess the overall hemodynamic status, especially in the presence of urosepsis. Once clinical stability is assured, it is important to focus on symptom management, usually by controlling pain. Ultimately, it is crucial to decide immediately whether the patient should receive a prompt urinary diversion. Urinary diversion is an essential part of the treatment of obstructive uropathy and should be initiated promptly and without unnecessary delay once the diagnosis has been confirmed. Functional recovery of the obstructed kidney after decompression of the urinary tract depends on the degree of obstruction, the duration of the obstruction and the presence of a concomitant urinary tract infection. The timing and proper treatment of this condition determines the recovery of kidney function after an obstruction and prevents the development of chronic kidney disease. In this editorial, we emphasized the pathophysiological role and clinical significance of obstructive uropathy in the context of acute kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current role of biomarkers in the initiation and weaning of kidney replacement therapy in acute kidney injury.","authors":"Kanwalpreet Sodhi, Gunjan Chanchalani, Niraj Tyagi","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99802","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, a consensus is yet to be arrived, especially regarding the optimal timing and indications for initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for critically ill patients. There is no clear guidance available on the timing of weaning from KRT. More recently, various biomarkers have produced promising prognostic prediction in such patients, regarding the need for KRT and its termination. Most of these biomarkers are indicative of kidney damage and stress, rather than recovery. However, large-scale validation studies are required to guide the cutoff values of these biomarkers among different patient cohorts so as to identify the optimum timing for KRT. This article reviews the kidney biomarkers in detail and summarizes the individual roles of biomarkers in the decision-making process for initiation and termination of the KRT among critically ill AKI patients and the supportive literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: Paving a pathway from a fatal condition to an opportunity to preserve kidney function.","authors":"Fernando M Gonzalez","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101861","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.101861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 19^th century, von Frerichs F and Flint A identified a type of acute renal impairment associated with advanced liver disease, characterized by oliguria, absence of proteinuria, and normal renal histology, which was later termed hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). HRS primarily affects cirrhotic patients with ascites and often follows severe infections, digestive hemorrhages, or high-volume paracentesis. Pathophysiologically, HRS involves low glomerular filtration rate, hypotension, renin-angiotensin axis activation, water clearance, hyponatremia, and minimal urinary sodium excretion. These conditions mimic those seen in decreased effective circulatory volume (ECV) scenarios such as septic shock or heart failure. HRS represents a specific form of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with baseline renal ischemia, where the kidney attempts to correct decreased ECV by retaining sodium and water. Intense renal vasoconstriction, passive hyperemia from ascites, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) with specific urinary sediment changes are observed. Persistent oliguria may transition HRS to ATN, although this shift is less straightforward than in other prerenal AKI contexts. Notably, liver grafts from HRS patients can recover function more rapidly than those from other ischemic conditions. Experimental studies, such as those by Duailibe <i>et al</i>, using omega-3 fatty acids in cirrhotic rat models, have shown promising results in reducing oxidative stress and improving kidney function. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies and underscore the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of HRS and explore possible treatments. Future research should address the impact of omega-3 on survival and secondary outcomes, as well as consider the balance of therapeutic risks and benefits in severe liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"101861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of measured and estimated glomerular filtration-rate in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Real practice experience.","authors":"Juan M Fernandez, José C Rodriguez-Pérez, M Mercedes Lorenzo-Medina, Fancisco Rodriguez-Esparragon, Juan C Quevedo-Reina, Carmen R Hernandez-Socorro","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99044","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v14.i1.99044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equations for estimation glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been associated with poor clinical performance and their clinical accuracy and reliability have been called into question.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the longitudinal changes in measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis of an ambispective data base conducted on consecutive patients diagnosed with ADPKD. The mGFR was assessed by iohexol clearance; while eGFR was calculated by three different formulas: (1) The chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI); (2) Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD); and (3) The 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (CrCl). The primary end-points were the mean change in mGFR between the baseline and final visit, as well as the comparison of the mean change in mGFR with the change estimated by the different formulas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven patients were included in the study. As compared to baseline, month-6 mGFR was significantly decrease by -4.4 mL/minute ± 10.3 mL/minute (<i>P</i> = 0.0132). However, the CKD-EPI, MDRD, and CrCl formulas underestimated this change by 48.3%, 89.0%, and 45.8% respectively, though none of these differences reached statistical significance (<i>P</i> = 0.3647; <i>P</i> = 0.0505; and <i>P</i> = 0.736, respectively). The discrepancies between measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate values, as evaluated by CKD-EPI (<i>r</i> = 0.29, <i>P</i> = 0.086); MDRD (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>P</i> = 0.272); and CrCl (<i>r</i> = 0.09, <i>P</i> = 0.683), were not correlated with baseline mGFR values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that eGFR inaccurately reflects the decline in mGFR and cannot reliably track changes over time. This poses significant challenges for clinical decision-making, particularly in treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of lupus nephritis and pregnancy: A narrative review.","authors":"Tabassum Elahi, Saima Ahmed, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.99700","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.99700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy in women with lupus, particularly those with lupus nephritis (LN), carries an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Women with active LN at the time of conception are at a high risk of poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Recent studies indicate that even in the presence of quiescent disease, factors such as hypertension and positive lupus anticoagulant are predictors of worse pregnancy outcomes. Consequently, pre-conception evaluation is essential to ensure that pursuing pregnancy is safe and timely, and to facilitate proper planning for optimizing medical regimens, discontinuing teratogenic agents, and treating active disease. Additionally, pre-existing LN is associated with higher rates of preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome. Women with lupus and prior LN can have successful pregnancies, but a multidisciplinary approach with close monitoring is essential for optimal outcomes. By systematically reviewing the available evidence, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the complex interaction between LN and pregnancy, offering insights to guide clinical practice and future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"99700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and associated complications in pregnant women with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Kirti Girish Deodhare, Nabadwip Pathak","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100680","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing incidence of obesity and the rising trend of increased age during pregnancy have led to a high number of pregnant women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic hypertension is commonly associated with CKD and is not only the result of renal damage but is also the cause of declining renal function. Pregnancy and its unique physiological adaptations are affected by a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidneys. Preeclampsia is a disorder of the vascular endothelium and is exacerbated by endothelial dysfunction resulting from CKD. Blood pressure targets must be strictly maintained owing to overlapping disease pathogenesis and to minimize cardiovascular damage. Moreover, preexisting renal dysfunction poses a challenge in identifying superimposed preeclampsia, which alters the management strategies in pregnancy. Fetal outcomes in patients with CKD are considerably affected by the presence of hypertension. This review is expected to aid in developing a focused and individualized treatment plan for hypertension in pregnant women with CKD to improve pregnancy outcomes and preserve postpartum renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes by cystatin C-based equations.","authors":"Tam Thai Thanh Tran, Tien Kim Ha, Nhut Minh Phan, Minh Van Le, Tin Hoang Nguyen","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.95761","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.95761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging population is a significant issue in Viet Nam and across the globe. Elderly individuals are at higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those with diabetes. Several studies found that the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) determined using creatinine-based equations was not as accurate as that determined using cystatin C-based equations. Cystatin C-based equations may be beneficial in elderly patients with an age-associated decline in kidney function. Early determination of eGFR decline and associated factors would aid in appropriate interventions to improve kidney function in elderly patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the utility of cystatin C-based equations in early detection of eGFR decline and to explore factors associated with eGFR decline in elderly patients with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 93 participants aged ≥ 60 years evaluated in Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital between October 2022 and July 2023, including 47 and 46 participants with and without diabetes respectively, according to the American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes. The kappa coefficient, Student's t, Mann-Whitney, <i>χ</i> ², Pearson's correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eGFRs were lower with the cystatin C-based equations than with the creatinine-based equations. Good agreement was found between the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 creatinine-cystatin C equations (kappa = 0.66). In the diabetes group, 30% of the participants had low eGFR. Both plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and negatively correlated with eGFR (<i>P</i> = 0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, total cholesterol, and exercise were independently associated with low eGFR. By multiple linear regression, higher plasma glucose levels were correlated with lower eGFR (<i>P</i> = 0.026, <i>r</i> = -0.366).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cystatin C-based equations were superior in the early detection of a decline in eGFR, and the MDRD equation may be considered as an alternative to the CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine-cystatin C equation. Exercise, plasma glucose, and total cholesterol were independently associated with eGFR in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"95761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study.","authors":"Metalia Puspitasari, Yulia Wardhani, Prenali Dwisthi Sattwika, Wynne Wijaya","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100087","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glomerular diseases rank third among the causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide and in Indonesia, and its burden continues to increase, especially regarding the sociodemographic index. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of glomerular diseases. It is crucial for developing treatment plans, determining the degree of histologic changes, and identifying disease relapse.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe the patterns of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in adult patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, histopathologic, clinical, and laboratory data of 75 adult patients with biopsy-proven kidney diseases at our institution recorded from 2017 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the patients, 43 (57.3%) were females, and the mean age was 31.52 years ± 11.70 years. The most common histopathologies were lupus nephritis (LN) (33.3%), minimal change disease (MCD) (26.7%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (10.7%). LN (41.7%) was frequently diagnosed in women and MCD (28.1%) in men. The most common cause of nephritic syndrome was LN (36.7%) and of nephrotic syndrome was MCD (40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different kidney disease patterns were observed in different sexes, age categories, clinical syndromes, and biopsy dates relative to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}