World journal of nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and periostin: Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Sakthivadivel Varatharajan, Vishakha Jain, Anand K Pyati, Charan Neeradi, Kotha Sugunakar Reddy, Janardhana Reddy Pallavali, Ilakkiya Priya Pandiyaraj, Archana Gaur","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98880","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease. Currently, renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described; these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease, which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and periostin (POSTN) levels as novel urinary biomarkers in DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this hospital based cross-sectional study, a total of 160 patients of both genders aged 18 years or more; 40 healthy participants and 120 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were included. Patients with DM were divided into normoalbuminuria (<i>n</i> = 40), microalbuminuria (<i>n</i> = 40), and macroalbuminuria (<i>n</i> = 40) groups as per urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR). Blood urea, serum creatinine, uACR were measured. Urine NGAL, KIM-1, and POSTN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The eGFR was calculated and compared with urinary markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NGAL, KIM-1, and POSTN levels increased significantly in normo, micro, and macroalbuminuria with the highest in the macroalbuminuria group. Albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) showed a positive correlation with NGAL, KIM-1, and POSTN levels. The eGFR showed a weak negative correlation with ACR, NGAL, KIM-1, and POSTN. NGAL was significantly lower in stage 1 compared to stage 2, 3, and 4 kidney disease. KIM-1 was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 4 kidney disease. POSTN was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 3 and 4 kidney disease. The receiver operator curve analysis of ACR, NGAL, KIM-1, and POSTN showed good sensitivity of 80%, 75.8%, 63.3%, and 80 % respectively with a cut-off of 12.5 mg/g, 4.5 μg/L, 1.5 ng/mL, and 37.5 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urinary NGAL and POSTN are independent markers of DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical course and outcome of adult patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with kidney function loss on presentation.","authors":"Nazarul Hassan Jafry, Sarfraz Sarwar, Tajammul Waqar, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98932","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney function loss or renal insufficiency indicated by elevated creatinine levels and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m² at presentation in patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is commonly seen as a poor prognostic marker for kidney survival. However, a pre>vious study from our center suggested this may be due to hemodynamic factors.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To observe the clinical and biochemical parameters, treatment response, kidney survival, and overall outcomes of adult patients with primary FSGS presenting with kidney function insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 1995 to December 2017. During this period, 401 biopsy-proven primary FSGS patients were identified, of which 98 (24.4%) presented with kidney function loss or renal insufficiency defined as eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m² at presentation and were studied in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 98 patients with renal function loss on presentation, the mean age was 30.9 years ± 13.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The mean serum creatinine level was 2.2 mg/dL ± 1.3 mg/dL and mean eGFR 37.1 mL/minute/1.73 m² ± 12.8 mL/minute/1.73 m². The mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 5.9 g/day ± 4.0 g/day, and the mean serum albumin was 2.1 g/dL ± 1.0 g/dL (median: 1.5 g/dL). The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) was 132.7 mmHg ± 19.8 mmHg, and the mean diastolic BP was 87.4 mmHg ± 12.7 mmHg. Steroid treatment was given to 81 (82.6%) of 98 patients for an average duration of 19.9 weeks ± 14.4 weeks, with a mean total steroid dose of 4.4 g ± 1.5 g. Treatment response showed that 20 (24.6%) patients achieved complete remission, 9 (11.1%) achieved partial remission, and 52 (64.1%) did not respond. The baseline eGFR was significantly lower in the non-responsive group (<i>P</i> = 0.006). The distribution of FSGS variants was also significantly different among steroid-responsive and non-responsive groups (<i>P</i> = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Renal function loss in FSGS patients at presentation does not necessarily indicate irreversible kidney function loss and a significant number of patients respond to appropriate treatment of the underlying disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of a 12-month course of early and late rituximab BCD020 biosimilar administration in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: A retrospective study.","authors":"Elvira Kalashnikova, Eugenia Isupova, Ekaterina Gaidar, Natalia Lubimova, Lyubov Sorokina, Irina Chikova, Maria Kaneva, Rinat Raupov, Olga Kalashnikova, Damir Aliev, Inna Gaydukova, Mikhail Kostik","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98393","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe, life-threatening disease. However, the role of rituximab in managing juvenile SLE remains undefined, although early biological intervention may improve disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the differences in the outcomes of different types of rituximab administration (early and late).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, the information of 36 children with SLE with early (less than 6 months from onset) rituximab administration (ERA), and late (more than 1 year) rituximab administration (LRA) was analyzed. We compared initial disease characteristics at onset, at baseline (start of rituximab), and at the end of the study (EOS) at 12 months, as well as outcomes and treatment characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main differences at baseline were a higher daily median dose of corticosteroids, increased MAS frequency, and a higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in the ERA group. No differences in the main SLE outcomes between groups at the EOS were observed. The part of lupus nephritis patients who achieved remission changed from 44% to 31% in ERA and 32% to 11% in the LRA group. Patients with ERA had a shorter time to achieve low daily corticosteroid dose (≤ 0.2 mg/kg) at 1.2 (0.9; 1.4) years compared to 2.8 (2.3; 4.0) years (<i>P</i> = 0.000001) and higher probability to achieve this low dose [hazard ratio (HR) = 57.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.2-463.2), <i>P</i> = 0.00001 and remission (SLEDAI = 0); HR = 37.6 (95%CI: 4.45-333.3), <i>P</i> = 0.00001]. No differences in adverse events, including severe adverse events, were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ERA demonstrated a better steroid-sparing effect and a possibility of earlier remission or low disease activity, except for lupus nephritis. Further investigations are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic interventions in peritoneal dialysis: A review of underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.","authors":"Natalia Stepanova","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98719","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a commonly used modality for kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). PD offers many benefits, including home-based care, greater flexibility, and preservation of residual kidney function compared to in-center hemodialysis. Nonetheless, patients undergoing PD often face significant challenges, including systemic inflammation, PD-related peritonitis, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular issues that can negatively affect their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiome in overall health and treatment results, supporting the hypothesis that probiotics may bring potential benefits to the general population of ESKD patients. However, specific data on probiotic use in PD patients are limited. This opinion review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between PD and the gut microbiome and offers a novel perspective by specifically exploring how probiotic interventions could improve the outcomes of PD treatment. The review also outlines some clinical data supporting the effectiveness of probiotics in patients undergoing PD and considers the difficulties and restrictions in their application. Based on the current knowledge gaps, this study seeks to explore future research directions and their implications for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is new in the pathogenesis and treatment of IgA glomerulonephritis.","authors":"Maurizio Salvadori, Giuseppina Rosso","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98709","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, new findings have been clarified concerning both pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephritis. The four hits theory has been confirmed but several genetic wide association studies have allowed finding several genes connected with the pathogenesis of the disease. All these new genes apply to each of the four hits. Additionally, new discoveries concerning the microbiota and its connection with immune system and IgA generation have allowed finding out the role of the mucosa in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis. The IgA treatment is also changed included the future possibilities. The treatment of the chronic kidney disease, associated with the nephropathy, is mandatory, since the beginning of the disease. The classical immunosuppressive agents have poor effect. The corticosteroids remain an important cornerstone in any phase of the disease. More effect is related to the treatment of B cells and plasma cells. In particular, in very recent studies have been documented the efficacy of anti B cell-activating factor and anti A proliferation-inducing ligand agents. Most of these studies are to date in phase II/III. Finally, new agents targeting complement are arising. These agents also are still in randomized trials and act principally in hit 4 where the immunocomplexes in the mesangium activate the different pathways of the complement cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in dialysis patients: risk factors, diagnosis, complications, and treatment: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Ghada Araji, Praneeth R Keesari, Varun Chowdhry, Jonathan Valsechi-Diaz, Sarah Afif, Wassim Diab, Suzanne El-Sayegh","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100268","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin B12 deficiency is a significant concern among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. However, there hasn't been extensive research conducted on this particular patient group. The reported incidence rates vary widely, ranging from 20% to 90%, reflecting the complexity of its diagnosis. Dialysis patients often face multiple nutritional deficiencies, including a lack of essential vitamins, due to factors such as dietary restrictions, impaired absorption, and nutrient loss during dialysis. Diagnosing vitamin B12 deficiency in these patients is challenging, and addressing it is crucial to prevent complications and improve their overall quality of life. This review paper delves into the available body of evidence on vitamin B12 deficiency in dialysis patients, examining the contributing risk factors, diagnostic challenges, potential complications, and available treatment options. It provides a well-rounded perspective on the topic, making it a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers interested in addressing the nutritional needs of dialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term renal and patient outcomes of primary immunoglobulin-associated mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis: Insights from a developing country.","authors":"Tabassum Elahi, Saima Ahmed, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98969","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.98969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary immunoglobulin (Ig)-associated mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (Ig-MCGN) is an immune complex glomerulonephritis of unknown etiology. It is a common cause of chronic kidney disease in developing countries. There is limited data available on renal and patient outcomes of this disease from developing countries.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the short-term renal and patient outcomes of adults with a tissue-confirmed diagnosis of primary Ig-MCGN at a single center in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of adult patients was conducted on biopsy-proven Ig-MCGN cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2019 at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan. Secondary causes were excluded. The primary endpoint was renal survival without end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or mortality. The secondary endpoint was the rate of remission during the 2-year follow-up period. Survival curves were made with the use of Kaplan-Meier estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 163 patients were included in the study and their mean follow-up duration was 29.45 months ± 21.28 months. Among baseline characteristics, young age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, requirement of kidney replacement therapy, presence of crescents, and severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were found to have a significant association with renal outcomes. The renal outcomes were negatively correlated with the presence of hypertension, level of complements, and degree of proteinuria. In all, 63 (37.4%) patients were treated with steroids and 21 (13%) received combination therapy (cyclophosphamide with steroids). At 2 years, 124 (76.07%) patients were in complete remission or partial remission [56 (34.3%) and 68 (41.71%), respectively], while 32 (19.63%) patients progressed to ESKD and 7 (4.29%) patients died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The outcomes of primary Ig-MCGN are guarded in Pakistan and require further prospective studies to improve our understanding of this relatively common disease so that more personalized treatment approaches can be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"98969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult minimal change disease: Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment response and outcome at a single center in Pakistan.","authors":"Shaheera Shakeel, Rahma Rashid, Nazarul H Jafry, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.99643","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i4.99643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minimal change disease (MCD) is a significant cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in adults, representing approximately 10%-15% of INS cases. The data is scanty on clinicopathological features, treatment responses, and long-term outcomes of MCD in adults.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment responses, and medium-term outcomes of adult patients with MCD in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all adult patients with biopsy-proven MCD treated at the adult nephrology clinic, Sindh institute of urology and transplantation, between January 2010 and December 2020. The data was retrieved from the original renal biopsy request forms in the histopathology archives and the case files. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment regimens, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), relapse, and steroid resistance were defined according to standard criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical product and service solutions, Version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included 23 adults [15 (65.2% males), mean age 26.34 ± 10.28 years]. Hypertension was found in 7 (30.4%) and microscopic hematuria in 10 (43.4%) of participants. Laboratory findings revealed a mean serum creatinine of 1.03 ± 1.00 mg/dL, mean serum albumin of 1.94 ± 0.90 g/dL and mean 24-hour urinary proteins of 4.53 ± 2.43 g. The mean follow-up time was 38.09 ± 22.3 months. Treatment with steroids was effective in 16/18 (88.8%) of patients, with 10/16 (62.5%) achieving CR and 6/16 (37.5%) achieving PR. Two patients were resistant to steroids and required second-line immunosuppressive therapy. Relapse occurred in 4/20 (19.04%) of patients, with a mean time to first relapse of 6.5 ± 3.31 months. At the last follow-up, 18/20 (85.7%) of patients were in remission, and 16/20 (76.1%) maintained normal renal function. No patients progressed to end-stage renal disease or died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MCD in adults shows a favorable response to steroid therapy, with a majority achieving remission. However, relapses are common, necessitating second-line immunosuppressive treatments in some cases. The study highlights the need for standardized treatment guidelines for adult MCD to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 4","pages":"99643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in predictive modelling of chronic kidney disease: A narrative review.","authors":"Sukhanshi Khandpur, Prabhaker Mishra, Shambhavi Mishra, Swasti Tiwari","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.97214","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.97214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exponential rise in the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide has put enormous pressure on the economy. Predictive modeling of CKD can ease this burden by predicting the future disease occurrence ahead of its onset. There are various regression methods for predictive modeling based on the distribution of the outcome variable. However, the accuracy of the predictive model depends on how well the model is developed by taking into account the goodness of fit, choice of covariates, handling of covariates measured on a continuous scale, handling of categorical covariates, and number of outcome events per predictor parameter or sample size. Optimal performance of a predictive model on an independent cohort is desired. However, there are several challenges in the predictive modeling of CKD. Disease-specific methodological challenges hinder the development of a predictive model that is cost-effective and universally applicable to predict CKD onset. In this review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of various regression models available for predictive modeling and highlight those best for future CKD prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 3","pages":"97214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference gene panel for urinary exosome-based molecular diagnostics in patients with kidney disease.","authors":"Deendayal D Mishra, Pramod K Maurya, Swasti Tiwari","doi":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.99105","DOIUrl":"10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.99105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney disease is a severe complication of diabetes that often leads to end-stage renal disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for prevention or delay. However, the current diagnostic methods, with their limitations in detecting the disease in its early stages, underscore the urgency and importance of finding new solutions. miRNAs encapsulated inside urinary exosomes (UEs) have potential as early biomarkers for kidney diseases. The need for reference miRNAs for accurate interpretation currently limits their translational potential.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify consistently expressing reference miRNAs from UEs of controls and patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) and biopsy-confirmed kidney diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>miRNA profiling was performed on UEs from 31 human urine samples using a rigorous and unbiased method. The UEs were isolated from urine samples collected from healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 6), patients with T2DM (<i>n</i> = 13), and T2DM patients who also had kidney diseases (including diabetic nephropathy, <i>n</i> = 5; membranous nephropathy, <i>n</i> = 5; and IgA nephropathy, <i>n</i> = 2) through differential ultracentrifugation. After characterizing the UEs, miRNA expression profiling using microarray technology was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microarray data analysis identified 14 miRNAs that were consistently expressed in UEs from 31 human samples, representing various kidney conditions: diabetic controls, diabetic nephropathy, membrane nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and healthy controls. Through <i>in silico</i> analysis, we determined that 10 of these miRNAs had significant potential to serve as reference genes in UEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified uniformly expressing UE miRNAs that could serve as reference genes kidney disease biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94272,"journal":{"name":"World journal of nephrology","volume":"13 3","pages":"99105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}