The International journal of developmental biology最新文献_第6页

Chromatin assembly and transcriptional cross-talk in Xenopus laevis oocyte and egg extracts. 非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和卵提取物的染色质组装和转录串扰。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-10-13 DOI: 10.1387/IJDB.160161DS

Wei-lin Wang, D. Shechter

{"title":"Chromatin assembly and transcriptional cross-talk in Xenopus laevis oocyte and egg extracts.","authors":"Wei-lin Wang, D. Shechter","doi":"10.1387/IJDB.160161DS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/IJDB.160161DS","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin, primarily a complex of DNA and histone proteins, is the physiological form of the genome. Chromatin is generally repressive for transcription and other information transactions that occur on DNA. A wealth of post-translational modifications on canonical histones and histone variants encode regulatory information to recruit or repel effector proteins on chromatin, promoting and further repressing transcription and thereby form the basis of epigenetic information. During metazoan oogenesis, large quantities of histone proteins are synthesized and stored in preparation for the rapid early cell cycles of development and to elicit maternal control of chromatin assembly pathways. Oocyte and egg cell-free extracts of the frog Xenopus laevis are a compelling model system for the study of chromatin assembly and transcription, precisely because they exist in an extreme state primed for rapid chromatin assembly or for transcriptional activity. We show that chromatin assembly rates are slower in the X. laevis oocyte than in egg extracts, while conversely, only oocyte extracts transcribe template plasmids. We demonstrate that rapid chromatin assembly in egg extracts represses RNA Polymerase II dependent transcription, while pre-binding of TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) to a template plasmid promotes transcription. Our experimental evidence presented here supports a model in which chromatin assembly and transcription are in competition and that the onset of zygotic genomic activation may be in part due to stable transcriptional complex assembly.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"37 1","pages":"315-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81202144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Chaperone-mediated chromatin assembly and transcriptional regulation in Xenopus laevis. 非洲爪蟾伴侣蛋白介导的染色质组装和转录调控。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-10-13 DOI: 10.1387/IJDB.130188DS

Takashi Onikubo, D. Shechter

{"title":"Chaperone-mediated chromatin assembly and transcriptional regulation in Xenopus laevis.","authors":"Takashi Onikubo, D. Shechter","doi":"10.1387/IJDB.130188DS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/IJDB.130188DS","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatin is the complex of DNA and histone proteins that is the physiological form of the eukaryotic genome. Chromatin is generally repressive for transcription, especially so during early metazoan development when maternal factors are explicitly in control of new zygotic gene expression. In the important model organism Xenopus laevis, maturing oocytes are transcriptionally active with reduced rates of chromatin assembly, while laid eggs and fertilized embryos have robust rates of chromatin assembly and are transcriptionally repressed. As the DNA-to-cytoplasmic ratio decreases approaching the mid-blastula transition (MBT) and the onset of zygotic genome activation (ZGA), the chromatin assembly process changes with the concomitant reduction in maternal chromatin components. Chromatin assembly is mediated in part by histone chaperones that store maternal histones and release them into new zygotic chromatin. Here, we review literature on chromatin and transcription in frog embryos and cell-free extracts and highlight key insights demonstrating the roles of maternal and zygotic histone deposition and their relationship with transcriptional regulation. We explore the central historical and recent literature on the use of Xenopus embryos and the key contributions provided by experiments in cell-free oocyte and egg extracts for the interplay between histone chaperones, chromatin assembly, and transcriptional regulation. Ongoing and future studies in Xenopus cell free extracts will likely contribute essential new insights into the interplay between chromatin assembly and transcriptional regulation.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"271-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74945922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The master Greatwall kinase, a critical regulator of mitosis and meiosis. 主长城激酶，有丝分裂和减数分裂的关键调节因子。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-10-13 DOI: 10.1387/IJDB.160155TL

S. Vigneron, Perle Robert, Khaled Hached, Lena Sundermann, S. Charrasse, J. Labbé, A. Castro, T. Lorca

{"title":"The master Greatwall kinase, a critical regulator of mitosis and meiosis.","authors":"S. Vigneron, Perle Robert, Khaled Hached, Lena Sundermann, S. Charrasse, J. Labbé, A. Castro, T. Lorca","doi":"10.1387/IJDB.160155TL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/IJDB.160155TL","url":null,"abstract":"Entry into mitosis requires the coordinated activation of various protein kinases and phosphatases that together activate sequential signaling pathways allowing entry, progression and exit of mitosis. The limiting step is thought to be the activation of the mitotic Cdk1-cyclin B kinase. However, this model has recently evolved with new data showing that in addition to the Cdk1-cyclin B complex, Greatwall (Gwl) kinase is also required to enter into and maintain mitosis. This new concept proposes that entry into mitosis is now based on the combined activation of both kinases Cdk1-cyclin B and Gwl, the former promoting massive phosphorylation of mitotic substrates and the latter inhibiting PP2A-B55 phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of these substrates. Activated Gwl phosphorylates both Arpp19 and ENSA, which associate and inhibit PP2A-B55. This pathway seems relatively well conserved from yeast to humans, although some differences appear based on models or techniques used. While Gwl is activated by phosphorylation, its inactivation requires dephosphorylation of critical residues. Several phosphatases such as PP1, PP2A-B55 and FCP1 are required to control the dephosphorylation and inactivation of Gwl and a properly regulated mitotic exit. Gwl has also been reported to be involved in cancer processes and DNA damage recovery. These new findings support the idea that the Gwl-Arpp19/ENSA-PP2A-B55 pathway is essential to achieve an efficient division of cells and to maintain genomic stability.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"49 1","pages":"245-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79092079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Expressional characterization of mRNA (guanine-7) methyltransferase (rnmt) during early development of Xenopus laevis. 非洲爪蟾发育早期mRNA(鸟嘌呤-7)甲基转移酶(rnmt)的表达特征

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-03-10 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150409th

Ashwin Lokapally, Sanjeeva Metikala, T. Hollemann

引用次数: 1

In Memoriam - Prof. G. Barry Pierce (1925-2015). 纪念巴里·皮尔斯教授(1925-2015)。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-03-10 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.160014id

I. Damjanov

引用次数: 0

Evolution of the vertebrate claudin gene family: insights from a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey. 脊椎动物claudin基因家族的进化:来自一种基底脊椎动物，海七鳃鳗的见解。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-03-10 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150364nn

Christian Mukendi, N. Dean, Rushil Lala, J. Smith, M. Bronner, N. Nikitina

{"title":"Evolution of the vertebrate claudin gene family: insights from a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey.","authors":"Christian Mukendi, N. Dean, Rushil Lala, J. Smith, M. Bronner, N. Nikitina","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.150364nn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.150364nn","url":null,"abstract":"Claudins are major constituents of tight junctions, contributing both to their intercellular sealing and selective permeability properties. While claudins and claudin-like molecules are present in some invertebrates, the association of claudins with tight junctions has been conclusively documented only in vertebrates. Here we report the sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and comprehensive spatiotemporal expression analysis of the entire claudin gene family in the basal extant vertebrate, the sea lamprey. Our results demonstrate that clear orthologues to about half of all mammalian claudins are present in the lamprey, suggesting that at least one round of whole genome duplication contributed to the diversification of this gene family. Expression analysis revealed that claudins are expressed in discrete and specific domains, many of which represent vertebrate-specific innovations, such as in cranial ectodermal placodes and the neural crest; whereas others represent structures characteristic of chordates, e.g. pronephros, notochord, somites, endostyle and pharyngeal arches. By comparing the embryonic expression of claudins in the lamprey to that of other vertebrates, we found that ancestral expression patterns were often preserved in higher vertebrates. Morpholino mediated loss of Cldn3b demonstrated a functional role for this protein in placode and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the origins and evolution of the claudin gene family and the significance of claudin proteins in the evolution of vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91230612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes craniofacial neural crest induction from human pluripotent stem cells. 骨形态发生蛋白4促进人多能干细胞诱导颅面神经嵴。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.160040mk

Sumiyo Mimura, M. Suga, K. Okada, Masaki Kinehara, H. Nikawa, M. Furue

{"title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes craniofacial neural crest induction from human pluripotent stem cells.","authors":"Sumiyo Mimura, M. Suga, K. Okada, Masaki Kinehara, H. Nikawa, M. Furue","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.160040mk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.160040mk","url":null,"abstract":"Neural crest (NC) cells are a group of cells located in the neural folds at the boundary between the neural and epidermal ectoderm. Cranial NC cells migrate to the branchial arches and give rise to the majority of the craniofacial region, whereas trunk and tail NC cells contribute to the heart, enteric ganglia of the gut, melanocytes, sympathetic ganglia, and adrenal chromaffin cells. Positional information is indispensable for the regulation of cranial or trunk and tail NC cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of positional information during human NC induction have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, supplementation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 in defined serum-free culture conditions including fibroblast growth factor-2 and Wnt3a from day 8 after NC specification induced the expression of cranial NC markers, AP2alpha, MSX1, and DLX1, during NC cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. On the other hand, the proportion of cells expressing p75(NTR) or HNK1 decreased compared with that of cells cultured without BMP4, whereas gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of cranial NC-associated genes increased in BMP4-treated NC cells. These BMP4-treated NC cells were capable of differentiation into osteocytes and chondrocytes. The results of the present study indicate that BMP4 regulates cranial positioning during NC development.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"21-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73522899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

SDF-1 controls the muscle and blood vessel formation of the somite. SDF-1控制体肌和血管的形成。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150132rh

Aisha Abduelmula, Ruijin Huang, Q. Pu, H. Tamamura, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, B. Brand-Saberi

{"title":"SDF-1 controls the muscle and blood vessel formation of the somite.","authors":"Aisha Abduelmula, Ruijin Huang, Q. Pu, H. Tamamura, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, B. Brand-Saberi","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.150132rh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.150132rh","url":null,"abstract":"Stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), the only ligand of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, is involved in skeletal muscle development. However, its role in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of somite cells is not well understood. Here, we investigated its function during somite development in chicken embryos by using gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Overexpression of SDF-1 was performed by electroporating SDF-1 constructs into the ventrolateral part of the somite, or by injecting SDF-1-expressing cells into the somites of stages HH14-16 chicken embryos. We found that enhanced SDF-1 signaling induced cell proliferation in the somite. This resulted in an increase in number of both myotomal and endothelial cells. In contrast, inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling led to a reduction of myotomal cells. Injection of SDF-1 producing cells into the somite induced ectopic localization of myotomal cells in the sclerotome. Although many SDF-1-expressing somite cells colonized the limb, only a few of them developed into muscle cells. This resulted in a reduction of the limb muscle mass. This means that most myogenic progenitors were stopped on their migration towards the limb due to the high concentration of the SDF-1 signal in the somite. Most of the SDF-1-expressing somite cells found in the limb were of endothelial cell fate and they contributed to the increase in limb blood vessels. These results reveal that SDF-1 promotes the proliferation of both myogenic and angiogenic progenitor cells of the somite and controls myotome formation. Furthermore, SDF-1 controls muscle and blood vessel formation in the limb in different ways.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"37 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87455486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

pdzrn3 is required for pronephros morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis. pdzrn3是非洲爪蟾原肾形态发生所必需的。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.150381ld

S. Marracci, A. Vangelisti, V. Raffa, M. Andreazzoli, L. Dente

{"title":"pdzrn3 is required for pronephros morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis.","authors":"S. Marracci, A. Vangelisti, V. Raffa, M. Andreazzoli, L. Dente","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.150381ld","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.150381ld","url":null,"abstract":"Pdzrn3, a multidomain protein with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, has been reported to play a role in myoblast and osteoblast differentiation and, more recently, in neuronal and endothelial cell development. The expression of the pdzrn3 gene is developmentally regulated in various vertebrate tissues, including muscular, neural and vascular system. Little is known about its expression during kidney development, although genetic polymorphisms and alterations around the human pdzrn3 chromosomal region have been found to be associated with renal cell carcinomas and other kidney diseases. We investigated the pdzrn3 spatio-temporal expression pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos by in situ hybridization. We focused our study on the development of the pronephros, which is the embryonic amphibian kidney, functionally similar to the most primitive nephric structures of human kidney. To explore the role of pdzrn3 during renal morphogenesis, we performed loss-of-function experiments, through antisense morpholino injections and analysed the morphants using specific pronephric markers. Dynamic pdzrn3 expression was observed in embryonic tissues, such as somites, brain, eye, blood islands, heart, liver and pronephros. Loss of function experiments resulted in specific alterations of pronephros development. In particular, at early stages, pdzrn3 depletion was associated with a reduction of the pronephros anlagen and later, with perturbations of the tubulogenesis, including deformation of the proximal tubules. Rescue experiments, in which mRNA of the zebrafish pdzrn3 orthologue was injected together with the morpholino, allowed recovery of the kidney phenotypes. These results underline the importance of pdzrn3 expression for correct nephrogenesis.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"143 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80322190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Pluripotent human stem cells: Standing on the shoulders of giants. 人类多能干细胞:站在巨人的肩膀上。

The International journal of developmental biology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.160437id

I. Damjanov, P. Andrews

{"title":"Pluripotent human stem cells: Standing on the shoulders of giants.","authors":"I. Damjanov, P. Andrews","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.160437id","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.160437id","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of human pluripotent stem cells, with the first derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, and of human induced pluripotent stem cells in 2007, has ushered in an era of considerable excitement about the prospects of using these cells to develop new opportunities for healthcare, from their potential for regenerative medicine to their use as tools for studying the cellular basis of many diseases and the discovery of new drugs. But as with the flowering of many new areas in science, the biology of human pluripotent stem cells has its roots in a long history of, sometimes, less fêted research. In a period when research funding is frequently driven by a desire to meet specific clinical or economic goals, it is salutary to remember that the opportunities offered by human pluripotent stem cells have their origins in curiosity driven research without any of those goals in mind. In this case, that research focused on the relatively rare gonadal cancers known as teratomas, tumors that have fascinated people since antiquity because their sometime grotesque manifestations with haphazard collections of tissues and sometimes recognizable body parts. Although well known to clinical pathologists it was the pioneering work of Leroy Stevens, who first discovered that teratomas occur at a significant rate in the 129 strain of the laboratory mouse and could be produced experimentally, that laid the foundations for our understanding of the biology of these tumors and the central role of the embryonal carcinoma cell, one of the archetypal tumor stem cells.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"92 1","pages":"321-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73381909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0