Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"(Re)defining Motor Competence: Empirical Exploration Based on a Moderated Mediation Approach.","authors":"Manuel Segura-Berges, Carlos Peñarrubia-Lozano, Juan Carlos Bustamante","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2319589","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2319589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: The aim of the study was to empirically support a broader motor competence moderated mediation approach in which motor coordination is the predictor variable and motor competence self-perception is the outcome variable, anxiety and self-esteem are mediator variables, and gender is the moderator variable. <b>Method</b>: 327 year-4 Primary Education pupils participated. A conditional processes analysis was performed by macro PROCESS v.3.4. <b>Results</b>: For the moderation effects, interactions appeared between motor coordination and gender when taking self-esteem, anxiety and motor competence self-perception as outcome variables. Interactions were found between self-esteem and gender when anxiety and motor competence self-perception were taken as outcome variables. An interaction appeared between anxiety and gender when motor competence self-perception was considered an outcome variable. A significant direct effect was noted between the motor coordination variable and motor competence self-perception for both genders. The moderated mediation indices supported the indirect conditional effects of motor coordination when partially and jointly bearing in mind the moderator effect of gender on motor competence self-perception by means of self-esteem and anxiety. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results reveal the importance of understanding motor competence by more globally contemplating not only students' motor learning, but also their cognitive and psycho-emotional reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"795-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-Segment Coordination of Male and Female Collegiate Ice Hockey Players During Forward Skating Starts.","authors":"Caitlin M Mazurek, David J Pearsall, Philippe J Renaud, Shawn M Robbins","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2337936","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2337936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: Coordination in ice hockey skating has been minimally investigated, particularly in females. The objective was to compare lower-extremity inter-segment coordination of collegiate male and female ice hockey players during forward skating starts. <b>Methods</b>: 3D kinematic data were collected on collegiate male (<i>n</i> = 9) and female (<i>n</i> = 10) participants during accelerative steps. Continuous relative phase (CRP) was calculated for shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>sagittal</i>, shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>frontal</i>, and foot-<i>sagittal</i>/shank-<i>sagittal</i> segment pairs across 2.5 strides on each side. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted features of greatest variability of the CRP and relationships between principal components and sex were investigated using hierarchical linear model. <b>Results</b>: Males demonstrated more out-of-phase coordination (higher CRP) for side one (<i>p</i> = .01) and side two (<i>p</i> < .01) shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>sagittal</i> as well as side one shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>frontal</i> (<i>p</i> < .01) segment pairs throughout each step. Females demonstrated a greater change in CRP from late stance/early swing to late swing/early stance on side two for shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>frontal</i> segments (<i>p</i> < .01). For side two shank-<i>sagittal</i>/thigh-<i>frontal</i> segments, faster males utilized more out-of-phase coordination throughout each step whereas faster females utilized more in-phase coordination (<i>p</i> < .01). <b>Conclusion</b>: Males and females may employ different coordinative strategies to achieve faster skating speeds. Males tend to utilize more out-of-phase coordination of the shank and thigh throughout strides, although coordinative differences of the shank and foot were not found between sexes. Further investigation is needed to examine the relationship between lower limb strength and coordination as well as the effect of targeted training protocols on lower extremity coordinative patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"834-842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Pedagogical Approach on Physical Activity of Girls During Physical Education.","authors":"R Breed, A Kay, M Spittle, D Orth","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2329165","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2329165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Technical approaches (TAs) such as Direct Instruction are commonly utilized when teaching games in Physical Education (PE) classes, but game-based approaches (GBAs) such as Game Sense (GS) have gained greater interest over the past 30 years. However, little is known about which approach promotes more physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to compare the PA of girls during single-gender PE classes in an invasion games unit utilizing either a GS approach or a TA. <b>Methods:</b> Two upper primary school PE classes were taught invasion games using a GS approach and two classes were taught using a TA. During each of the 7 lessons students wore a wearable GPS sensor (SPT2, Sport Performance Tracking, Australia) which measured total distance, distance in each speed zone, top speed and 3D load. <b>Results:</b> The GS group traveled a greater distance than the TA group (+203 m, <i>p</i> < .001). This result was explained mostly by a greater distance covered in zone 2 speeds (0.6-1.7 m/s). The 3D load was also significantly higher in the GS group, but there were no group differences in top speed. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggested that a GS thematic invasion unit was more effective in promoting PA levels in all-girl primary PE classes than a traditional sport-based invasion unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"824-833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Repeated-Bout Effect Influence Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Recreational Runners?","authors":"Gabriel Protzen, Bruno Matoso, Kenji Doma, Silvio de Oliveira, Daniel Boullosa","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353719","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study examined how a low dose of an eccentric-oriented lunge exercise could induce the repeated-bout effect (RBE) and affect the subsequent post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in recreational runners. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty male recreational runners (32.1 ± 2.8 years; 173.4 ± 6.1 cm; 73.3 ± 11.5 kg; 57.8 ± 7.2 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) were divided into control (<i>N</i> = 10) and experimental (<i>N</i> = 10) groups. In the first and fourth weeks, the groups were assessed for jump capacity, dynamic balance, and submaximal running kinematics before and after an incremental shuttle-run test until exhaustion. The experimental group was also submitted to two sessions of the eccentric-oriented lunge exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions with 2 min of passive recovery) in the second and third weeks. <b>Results:</b> We observed that the first session promoted muscle damage, which was significantly (<i>p</i> < .05) reduced after the second training session, thus indicating an RBE. Meanwhile, there was no effect of the RBE on dynamic balance and submaximal running kinematics in the post-intervention. However, there was a significant increase in countermovement jump height (<i>p</i> = .008) for the experimental group when compared to the control group, although no PAPE was observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current results demonstrate that a simple, low-dose eccentric-oriented exercise may induce an RBE, leading to reduced muscle damage and a possibly improved lower limbs' muscle power in recreational runners. However, the absence of PAPE effects suggests that the RBE may not directly influence the potentiation/fatigue balance after fatiguing running exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"945-952"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Requires Many Faces of Support.","authors":"Shannon C Mulhearn, Pamela H Kulinna","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2338871","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2338871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study focused on the sustainability of a school-wide health behavior intervention in rural schools in the Southwestern US. Informed by the seven premises of Theories of Action with Merit, the purpose of this study was to investigate which portion(s) of a five-year, school-wide health behavior intervention were still in practice (i.e. sustainable), and why they were maintained following the removal of funding and resources for the program. <b>Method</b>: Teachers (<i>N</i> = 41) participated in individual, semi-structured interviews during which they shared what aspects of the original intervention were retained as part of personal classroom practices or of the school culture. Teachers reflected on facilitators and barriers to the sustainability of these practices. Data also included field notes from campus visits. To establish trustworthiness, data triangulation (interview transcripts, survey results, and field notes) provided multiple angles of analysis, and two researchers negotiated all themes. <b>Results</b>: Using the premises of the Theories of Action with Merit, teachers' comments often circulated around themes of administrative support and personal investment/interest in healthy behaviors. Additional themes of sustainability included feeling capable and physical activity being the \"norm\" at their school. <b>Conclusions</b>: Teachers' personal beliefs and self-efficacy in physical literacy held the highest importance in sustaining classroom healthy behavior practices as opposed to the district or state expectations for healthy behaviors. Administrator support was key to whole-school integration and sustainability of practices, however, teachers described evidence of support differently suggesting administrators need awareness of how messages of support are being translated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersive Virtual Reality Decreases Work Rate and Manipulates Attentional Focus During Self-Regulated Vigorous Exercise.","authors":"Andrew Ray Moore, Brooke An Shaohua Butler","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2356893","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2356893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine the effect of immersive virtual reality use on finishing time of a vigorous-intensity self-regulated exercise task, and on relevant psychological variables. Healthy untrained adults (<i>N</i> = 21; 10 men/11 women; age = 22.9 ± 7.2 years; BMI = 24.0 ± 4.5 kg/m²) completed 1500-m exercise bouts on a rowing ergometer in a counterbalanced and randomized order, with and without use of a headset-delivered virtual reality fitness program. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and attentional focus were collected every 300 m, in addition to finishing time. Data were analyzed with repeated measures as appropriate. Intensity of both exercise bouts was considered vigorous according to heart rate results (>77% maximal heart rate). Finishing time was faster in the control condition (449.57 ± 82.39 s) than in the virtual reality condition (463.00 ± 91.78 s), <i>p</i> = .007. Compared to the control condition, the virtual reality condition was characterized by a more external attentional focus (52.38 ± 18.22 vs. 38.76 ± 17.81, <i>p</i> < .001). No differences were observed for remaining variables as a result of condition (<i>p</i> > .05 for all). When a headset-delivered VR program was used during a self-regulated vigorous-intensity exercise task, participants were 13.6 seconds (~3%) slower than in a control condition. Attentional focus was manipulated to be more external with VR use, which may have ultimately distracted from the exercise objective. Recommendations for selecting an appropriate virtual reality experience for a given exercise task are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"963-973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A Kind of Therapy\": Wheelchair Sport Athletes and Health-Related Quality of Life.","authors":"T N Kirk, Cathy McKay, Katherine Holland","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2419455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2419455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning physically impaired¹ wheelchair sport athletes attributed to wheelchair basketball participation as well as potential physical, psychological, and social health-related quality of life (HRQOL) benefits. Specifically, the experiences of wheelchair sport athletes from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) affected by ongoing or recent conflict were examined. Focus group participants for this study included 108 wheelchair basketball athletes (77 men and 31 women) from seven men's and three women's national teams at an international wheelchair basketball tournament held in India. All teams were from LMICs in Africa and Asia that were served by the International Committee of the Red Cross due to recent or ongoing armed conflict. Data analysis produced three interrelated themes related to HRQOL: (1) improvements to physical health, (2) psychological impact of sport participation, and (3) social well-being. Physical benefits included improvements to physical functional capacity and decreases in medical complications. Psychological benefits included freedom and respite from inaccessibility and improved self-beliefs and feelings of capability on and off the court. Social well-being benefits included camaraderie in the team setting and positive interpersonal interactions with members of the broader community. Overall, the findings indicated that wheelchair sport is indicated as positively impacting numerous HRQOL indicators for disabled participants in LMIC and is a valuable rehabilitative option and meaningful endeavor for disabled persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Isometric Handgrip Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Changes in Resting Blood Pressure.","authors":"Robert W Spitz, Vickie Wong, Yujiro Yamada, Ryo Kataoka, Jun Seob Song, William B Hammert, Aldo Seffrin, Zachary W Bell, Jeremy P Loenneke","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2418567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2418567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effects of high-intensity contractions and low-intensity contractions with and without blood flow restriction on changes in blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters. A total of 179 participants (18-35 years) were randomly assigned to one of three training groups that exercised 3 times per week for six weeks or a non-exercise control group. The groups are as follows: 1) Control [CON, <i>n</i> = 44]; 2) completed 4 sets of two-minute isometric contractions at 30% maximal voluntary contraction [LI, <i>n</i> = 47]; 3) completed 4 sets of two-minute isometric contractions at 30% maximal voluntary contraction with a 12 cm cuff inflated to 50% of arterial occlusion pressure [LI+BFR, <i>n</i> = 41]; or 4) completed 4 maximal isometric contractions lasting 5 seconds [MAX, <i>n</i> = 47]. Blood pressure, vascular resistance, and reactive hyperemia were measured at pre and post. Data are presented as means (SD). There was no evidence that SBP (BF₁₀: 0.066), DBP (BF₁₀: 0.057), vascular resistance (BF₁₀: 0.085), or peak reactive hyperemia changed (BF₁₀: 0.044) or A.U.C. (BF₁₀: 0.074). Change scores for SBP were 1.1 (6.7), 0.7 (5.8), -0.4 (6.5), and -0.9 (6.3) mmHg for CON, LI, LI+BFR, and MAX, respectively. DBP change scores were 1.5 (6.6), 1.5 (7), -0.7 (5.9), and 0.3 (6.3) mmHg for CON, LI, LI+BFR, and MAX, respectively. Although recommended as a non-pharmacological method of blood pressure control, isometric exercise with or without BFR did not lower blood pressure. Future work could examine the inclusion of a daily strength test prior to the low intensity protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Happy and Hopeful NCAA Division I Athlete: Predicting Well-Being and Ill-Being in Elite Student-Athletes Who Participate in Sport.","authors":"Edward C Chang","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2415370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2415370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of hope and happiness in accounting for mental health, both well-being (viz. life satisfaction & flourishing) and ill-being (depressive symptoms & suicidal ideation), using a cross-sectional design, was examined in a diverse sample of 140 elite student-athletes (88 female & 52 male NCAA Division I athletes, representing 16 different varsity sports, <i>M</i>_age = 20.0) who completed a battery of self-report measures. Results from conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors and perceived sport performance (individual & team), indicated hope and happiness (as a positive personality set) accounted for additional unique variance in all indices of well-being and ill-being. However, although happiness emerged as a significant statistical predictor of all indices of well-being and ill-being, hope only emerged as a significant statistical predictor across indices of well-being. Importantly, the inclusion of the Hope × Happiness interaction term consistently added further incremental validity to the prediction of additional unique variance in all indices of mental health in student-athletes. However, evidence for the doubling-up hypothesis was only found in predicting indices of well-being, not ill-being. Taken together, the present findings provide strong evidence for the importance of integrating positive individual differences variables for understanding mental health in elite student-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distance Effect in Focus of Attention: Spatial or Temporal Distance?","authors":"Yonjoong Ryuh, Cole Geschwender, Joonhee Kim, Kevin Becker","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2413860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2413860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The benefit of an external focus over an internal focus has been well-established. Within this literature, several studies have documented a distal effect of attentional focus by comparing the efficacy of a proximal and distal external focus. A potential confound is that most distal focus cues direct the performer's attention to an outcome occurring after the completion of movement, while the proximal cues direct attention to something that occurs during the movement process. This study aims to disentangle whether the distal effect of attentional focus comes from spatial distance (proximal vs. distal) or temporal distance (during vs. after). <b>Method:</b> To test this, we employed a two-handed underhand medicine ball throw for maximum distance with 38 healthy young adults. This study employed five conditions: baseline, internal-during, internal-after, external-during, and external-after focus. <b>Results:</b> The result indicated that both external-during and -after foci elicited a significantly greater throwing distance than internal-during (<i>p</i> = .006) and internal-after (<i>p</i> < .001), where internal-after even significantly underperformed than baseline (<i>p</i> = .02). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings indicate that using an outcome cue unrelated to the intended action does not enhance motor performance. Rather, the most effective approach is to use an external cue that represents the action effect either during or after the movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}