Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids最新文献

{"title":"12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is the only enzymatically produced HETE increased under brain ischemia.","authors":"Mikhail Y. Golovko,&nbsp;Drew R. Seeger,&nbsp;Brennon Schofield,&nbsp;Derek Besch,&nbsp;Peddanna Kotha,&nbsp;Anahita Mansouripour,&nbsp;Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi,&nbsp;Svetlana A. Golovko","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) are dramatically increased under brain ischemia and significantly affect post-ischemic recovery. However, the exact mechanism of HETE increase and their origin under ischemia are poorly understood. HETE might be produced <em>de novo</em> through lipoxygenase (LOX) -dependent synthesis with possible esterification into a lipid storage pool, or non-enzymatically through free radical oxidation of esterified arachidonic acid (20:4n6). Because HETE synthesized through LOX exhibit stereospecificity, chiral analysis allows separation of enzymatic from non-enzymatic pools. In the present study, we analyzed free HETE stereoisomers at 30 sec, 2 min, and 10 min of ischemia. Consistent with previous reports, we demonstrated a significant, gradual increase in all analyzed HETE over 10 min of brain ischemia, likely attributed to release of the esterified pool. The R/S ratio for 5-HETE, 8-HETE, and 15-HETE was not different from a racemic standard mix, indicating their non-enzymatic origin, which was in opposition to the inflamed tissue used as a positive control in our study. However, 12(S)-HETE was the predominant isoform under ischemia, indicating that ∼90 % of 12-HETE are produced enzymatically. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that 12-LOX is the major LOX isoform responsible for the enzymatic formation of the inducible HETE pool under ischemia. We also confirmed the requirement for enzyme inactivation with high-energy focused microwave irradiation (MW) for accurate HETE quantification and validated its application for chiral HETE analysis. Together, our data suggest that 12-LOX and HETE-releasing enzymes are promising targets for HETE level modulation upon brain ischemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and acceptability of anti-inflammatory omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements in sepsis management: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Ping-Tao Tseng ,&nbsp;Bing-Yan Zeng ,&nbsp;Bing-Syuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Pin-Yang Yeh ,&nbsp;Brendon Stubbs ,&nbsp;John S. Kuo ,&nbsp;Cheuk-Kwan Sun ,&nbsp;Yu-Shian Cheng ,&nbsp;Yen-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Tien-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yu-Kang Tu ,&nbsp;Pao-Yen Lin ,&nbsp;Dian-Jeng Li ,&nbsp;Chih-Sung Liang ,&nbsp;Mein-Woei Suen ,&nbsp;Yi-Che Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Chieh Yang ,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Hsu ,&nbsp;Yow-Ling Shiue ,&nbsp;Kuan-Pin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sepsis is a critical medical condition associated with high mortality for patients. Current pharmacological strategies for sepsis management or prevention had not achieved satisfactory results. The omega-3 fatty acids, with anti-inflammatory benefits, are considered to be promising agents for sepsis management/prevention. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the efficacy of various dosages and formulations of fish oil supplements for sepsis management and sepsis prevention. The current NMA consisted of two parts: (1) sepsis management and (2) sepsis prevention. The PubMed, ClinicalKey, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched to date of February 22^nd, 2024 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs were eligible for inclusion if they enrolled participants with a diagnosis of sepsis or who with high risk for sepsis. All NMA procedures were conducted under the frequentist model. The primary outcomes assessed are (1) mortality rate in sepsis treatment or (2) incidence of sepsis in sepsis prevention. Our NMA, based on 28 RCTs and 1718 participants (mean age=51.6 years, mean female proportion=35.6 %), showed that (1) high dose parenteral fish oil supplement yield the lowest mortality rate in sepsis management in adult patients, and (2) high dose enteral fish oil supplement yield the lowest incidence of sepsis in pediatric patients. This study provides compelling evidence that high-dose fish oil supplements provide beneficial effects for both sepsis management and sepsis prevention. Our findings provide a preliminary rationale for future large-scale RCTs to investigate the role of fish oil supplementation in sepsis management or prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraperitoneally injected d11-11(12)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is rapidly incorporated and esterified within rat plasma and peripheral tissues but not the brain","authors":"Sho Watanabe ,&nbsp;Felipe Da Costa Souza ,&nbsp;Ibuki Kusumoto ,&nbsp;Qing Shen ,&nbsp;Nitin Nitin ,&nbsp;Pamela J. Lein ,&nbsp;Ameer Y. Taha","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EpETrEs) are bioactive lipid mediators of arachidonic acid cytochrome P450 oxidation. In vivo, the free (unbound) form of EpETrEs regulate multiple processes including blood flow, angiogenesis and inflammation resolution. Free EpETrEs are thought to rapidly degrade via soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH); yet, in many tissues, the majority of EpETrEs are esterified to complex lipids (e.g. phospholipids) suggesting that esterification may play a major role in regulating free, bioactive EpETrE levels. This hypothesis was tested by quantifying the metabolism of intraperitoneally injected free d11-11(12)-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (d11-11(12)-EpETrE) in male and female rats. Plasma and tissues (liver, adipose and brain) were obtained 3 to 4 min later and assayed for d11-11(12)-EpETrE and its sEH metabolite, d11-11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (d11-11,12-diHETrE) in both the free and esterified lipid fractions. In both males and females, the majority of injected tracer was recovered in liver followed by plasma and adipose. No tracer was detected in the brain, indicating that brain levels are maintained by endogenous synthesis from precursor fatty acids. In plasma, liver, and adipose, the majority (&gt;54 %) of d11-11(12)-EpETrE was found esterified to phospholipids or neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesteryl esters). sEH-derived d11-11,12-diHETrE was not detected in plasma or tissues, suggesting negligible conversion within the 3–4 min period post tracer injection. This study shows that esterification is the main pathway regulating free 11(12)-EpETrE levels in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 102622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE genotype, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels in patients with multiple colorectal polyps: A secondary analysis of the seAFOod polyp prevention trial","authors":"Ge Sun ,&nbsp;John R. Davies ,&nbsp;Tracey Mell ,&nbsp;Mark Harland ,&nbsp;Rasha M.H. Saleh ,&nbsp;Amanda D. Race ,&nbsp;Paul M. Loadman ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Williams ,&nbsp;Anne Marie Minihane ,&nbsp;Mark A. Hull","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>We examined the relationship between <em>Apolipoprotein E</em> (<em>APOE</em>) genotype and <em>n</em>-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels in participants of the seAFOod trial, who were undergoing colonoscopy surveillance after removal of colorectal polyps.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Baseline and on-treatment (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] 2 g daily or placebo for 6 months) levels of <em>n</em>-3 HUFAs, and plasma 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), were analysed according to <em>APOE</em> genotype (based on polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412) in 584 participants.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Before treatment, <em>APOE2/2</em> individuals had lower levels, and <em>APOE4/4</em> participants had higher levels, of <em>n</em>-3 HUFAs, including EPA, than <em>APOE3/3</em> counterparts (P &lt; 0.01 for the <em>APOE2/2 versus APOE4/4</em> comparison). After EPA supplementation, <em>n</em>-3 HUFA levels were not significantly different when stratified by <em>APOE</em> genotype, although <em>APOE4</em> carriers displayed lower plasma 18-HEPE levels than individuals without an <em>APOE4</em> allele (P = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>APOE</em> genotype is associated with differential <em>n</em>-3 HUFA and 18-HEPE levels in individuals with multiple colorectal polyps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000176/pdfft?md5=e3790c985232a6a3ceacd9722626e95d&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between plasma trans-fatty acids level and migraine: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 1999–2000","authors":"Kai Yao,&nbsp;Heng-bing Zu","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Trans-fatty acid (TFA) has been linked to an increased risk of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. However, the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine is little known. The current study aimed to determine the association between plasma TFAs and migraine in a large cross-sectional study among U.S. adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included during the period 1999-2000. The plasma concentrations of four major TFAs, including palmitelaidic acid (C16:1n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t), vaccenic acid (C18:1n-7t), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2n-6t, 9t) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The presence of migraine headache was determined by self-report questionnaire. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were explored to assess the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine. Furthermore, stratified analysis and testing of interaction terms were used to evaluate the effect modification by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1534 participants were included. The overall weighted prevalence of severe headache or migraine was 21.2 %. After adjusting for all potential covariates, plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid were positively associated with migraine. The adjusted OR values were 1.18 (95 %CI: 1.08-1.29, p=0.014, per 10 units increase) and 1.24 (95 %CI: 1.07-1.44, p=0.024). Then the included participants were divided into 2-quantiles by plasma TFA levels. Compared with participants with lower plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid (Q1 groups), those in the Q2 group had a higher prevalence of migraine when adjusted for all covariates in Model 2. The adjusted OR values were 2.43 (95 %CI: 1.14-5.18, p=0.037) for elaidic acid, and 2.18 (95 %CI: 1.14-4.20, p=0.036) for linolelaidic acid. Results were robust when analyses were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI, and no effect modification on the association was found.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results demonstrated a positive association between migraine prevalence and plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid in US adults. These results highlight the connection between circulating TFAs and migraine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostaglandin E2 affects mitochondrial function in adult mouse cardiomyocytes and hearts","authors":"Timothy D. Bryson ,&nbsp;Matthew Zurek ,&nbsp;Carlin Moore ,&nbsp;David Taube ,&nbsp;Indrani Datta ,&nbsp;Albert Levin ,&nbsp;Pamela Harding","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals differently through 4 receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4) to elicit diverse physiologic/pathologic effects. We previously reported that PGE2 via its EP3 receptor reduces cardiac contractility and male mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the EP4 receptor (EP4 KO) develop dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to identify pathways responsible for this phenotype. We performed ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and found that genes differentiating WT mice and EP4 KO mice were significantly overrepresented in mitochondrial (adj. <em>p</em> value = 6.28 × 10⁻²⁶) and oxidative phosphorylation (adj. <em>p</em> value = 1.58 × 10⁻²⁷) pathways. Electron microscopy from the EP4 KO hearts show substantial mitochondrial disarray and disordered cristae. Not surprisingly, isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes (AVM) from these mice have reduced ATP levels compared to their WT littermates and reduced expression of key genes involved in the electron transport chain (ETC) in older mice. Moreover, treatment of AVM from C57Bl/6 mice with PGE2 or the EP3 agonist sulprostone resulted in changes of various genes involved in the ETC, measured by the Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism RT²-profiler assay. Lastly, the EP4 KO mice have reduced expression of superoxide dismuatse-2 (SOD2), whereas treatment of AVM with PGE2 or sulprostone increase superoxide production, suggesting increased oxidative stress levels in these EP4 KO mice. Altogether the current study supports the premise that PGE2 acting via its EP4 receptor is protective, while signaling through its other receptors, likely EP3, is deleterious.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000085/pdfft?md5=41b77ff0ec1e5732bd408cce1abc0a53&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000085-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in the pro-resolving lipid mediator machinery within first trimester maternal tissue: Implications in decidualization and miscarriage risk","authors":"Luísa G. Sousa ,&nbsp;Patrícia Alves ,&nbsp;Natércia Teixeira ,&nbsp;Georgina Correia-da-Silva ,&nbsp;Bruno M. Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A pivotal event in uterine receptivity and human reproduction is the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells, known as decidualization. Decidualization is interlinked with its inflammatory environment. Our study aimed to investigate the presence and role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in first trimester maternal tissue. We assessed the levels of LXA4 and RvD1, along with their metabolic LOX enzymes, in elective (control) and sporadic miscarriage samples. We investigated the effects of LXA4 and RvD1 on decidualization using primary endometrial stromal cells and the immortalized endometrial stromal St-T1b cell line. The upregulation of 12- and 15-LOX expression was observed in pregnancy tissue after sporadic miscarriage, suggesting an inflammatory imbalance. Furthermore, incubation with these lipid mediators led to a decrease in decidualization biomarkers PRL and IGFBP-1, accompanied by morphological changes indicative of aberrant differentiation. The expression of LOX enzymes in decidual natural killer cells suggests their involvement in regulating the inflammatory surroundings and the extent of decidualization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linoleic acid blunts early osteoblast differentiation and impairs oxidative phosphorylation in vitro","authors":"Paula-Dene C. Nesbeth ,&nbsp;Thomas R. Ziegler ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Tripathi ,&nbsp;Sadaf Dabeer ,&nbsp;Daiana Weiss ,&nbsp;Li Hao ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Smith ,&nbsp;Dean P. Jones ,&nbsp;Kristal M. Maner-Smith ,&nbsp;Chia-Ling Tu ,&nbsp;Wenhan Chang ,&nbsp;M. Neale Weitzmann ,&nbsp;Jessica A. Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Linoleic acid (LNA), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), plays a crucial role in cellular functions. However, excessive intake of LNA, characteristic of Western diets, can have detrimental effects on cells and organs. Human observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma LNA concentrations and bone mineral density. The mechanism by which LNA impairs the skeleton is unclear, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of LNA on bone-forming osteoblasts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effect of LNA on osteoblast differentiation, cellular bioenergetics, and production of oxidized PUFA metabolites <em>in vitro</em>, was studied using primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>LNA treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, but had no effect on committed osteoblasts or on mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. LNA suppressed osteoblast commitment by blunting the expression of <em>Runx2</em> and <em>Osterix</em>, key transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, and other key osteoblast-related factors involved in bone formation. LNA treatment was associated with increased production of oxidized LNA- and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites and blunted oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results show that LNA inhibited early differentiation of osteoblasts and this inhibitory effect was associated with increased production of oxidized PUFA metabolites that likely impaired energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of parenteral fish oil on neurodevelopment in preterm infants: A narrative review","authors":"N Ikeda ,&nbsp;E Shepherd ,&nbsp;M Makrides ,&nbsp;A J McPhee ,&nbsp;RA Gibson ,&nbsp;JF Gould","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This narrative review aimed to summarize studies assessing the effects of parenteral fish oil on neurodevelopment in preterm infants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed was searched (July 1985 to October 2023). We reviewed randomized controlled trials, and observational studies assessing intravenous lipid emulsion with fish oil in preterm infants (born less than 37 weeks’ gestation), that reported long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified four publications relating to three randomized controlled trials in addition to four cohort studies. Study designs and outcomes were heterogenous and precluded meta-analyses. Results of trials were null for a selection of neurodevelopmental outcomes, however possible benefits of parenteral fish oil supplementation for neurodevelopment was reported in three cohort studies. Certainty of the evidence is hindered by methodological limitations of available trials and observational studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Further research is required to firmly establish the effects of parenteral fish oil on preterm neurodevelopment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long chain monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid levels in human milk vary with gestational weight gain","authors":"Aifric O'Sullivan ,&nbsp;Emer Brady ,&nbsp;Lucy Lafferty ,&nbsp;Fiona O'Shea ,&nbsp;Zoe O'Regan ,&nbsp;Noah Meurs ,&nbsp;Michelle Baldini ,&nbsp;Jivani Gengatharan ,&nbsp;Christian M. Metallo ,&nbsp;Martina Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breastfeeding is an important determinant of infant health and there is immense interest in understanding its metabolite composition so that key beneficial components can be identified. The aim of this research was to measure the fatty acid composition of human milk in an Irish cohort where we examined changes depending on lactation stage and gestational weight gain trajectory. Utilizing a chromatography approach optimal for isomer separation, we identified 44 individual fatty acid species via GCMS and showed that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids(mmBCFA's), C15:0 and C16:1 are lower in women with excess gestational weight gain versus low gestational weight gain. To further explore the potential contribution of the activity of endogenous metabolic pathways to levels of these fatty acids in milk, we administered D₂O to C57BL/6J dams fed a purified lard based high fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet during gestation and quantified the total and <em>de novo</em> synthesized levels of fatty acids in their milk. We found that <em>de novo</em> synthesis over three days can account for between 10 and 50 % of mmBCFAs in milk from dams on the low-fat diet dependent on the branched-chain fatty acid species. However, HFD fed mice had significantly decreased <em>de novo</em> synthesized fatty acids in milk resulting in lower total mmBCFAs and medium chain fatty acid levels. Overall, our findings highlight the diverse fatty acid composition of human milk and that human milk mmBCFA levels differ between gestational weight gain phenotypes. In addition, our data indicates that <em>de novo</em> synthesis contributes to mmBCFA levels in mice milk and thus may also be a contributory factor to mmBCFA levels in human milk. Given emerging data indicating mmBCFAs may be beneficial components of milk, this study contributes to our knowledge around the phenotypic factors that may impact their levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94179,"journal":{"name":"Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 102607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327824000012/pdfft?md5=95ace499842e8ec6e736ffef6bc9c908&pid=1-s2.0-S0952327824000012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}