Laboratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of alloantibodies in pediatric patients: specificity, distribution, and evanescence.","authors":"Huimin Ma, Zhe Sheng, Lianji Tong, Qiufeng Mei, Jin Xu","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the specificity, distribution and evanescence of alloantibodies detected in pediatric patients and to reveal the clinical significance of alloantibodies found in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 69,383 antibody screening tests conducted over a five-year study period. Antibody identification results, as well as clinical data and transfusion history, were extracted and included in the analysis. Alloantibody specificity, distribution and the antibody evanescence phenomenon were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No non-maternal alloantibodies were identified in infants younger than 4 months; The most commonly found non-maternal alloantibodies in pediatric patients were anti-M and anti-E. Out of the 14 positive patients who underwent at least one additional antibody screening test, antibodies in 11 (78.57%) patients disappeared in less than four years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>It might be advisable to omit the repeated antibody screening and cross-matching for infants under 4 months of age who have an initially negative antibody screening result. Pediatric patients appear more likely to lose alloantibodies than adult patients, so it is essential to identify their antibody specificity on time and keep the records trackable to avoid transfusing specific antigen-positive red blood cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement uncertainty in laboratory medicine: a comprehensive review of frameworks, analytical performance specifications, and emerging technologies.","authors":"Yogesh Pawade, Apurva Bhoyar","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Measurement uncertainty is a fundamental component of laboratory quality assurance and a key requirement of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189. Despite its recognized importance, routine implementation of measurement uncertainty in clinical laboratories remains inconsistent due to methodologic complexity and lack of harmonized approaches. We sought to summarize current methodologic frameworks, analytical performance specifications (APS), and practical strategies for estimation and implementation of measurement uncertainty in medical laboratories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature review was conducted covering the period 2015 to 2025 using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, along with resources from the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. The review focused on international standards (ISO 15189, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), biological variation-based APS (including the Milan Consensus), patient-based real-time quality control (QC), and emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrate a convergence between traditional total allowable error concepts and contemporary measurement uncertainty frameworks, with biological variation serving as a key foundation for APS. Both bottom-up approaches based on uncertainty budgeting and top-down approaches using routine internal QC and external quality assessment data are widely applied. Six Sigma metrics provide a robust tool for prioritizing analytical performance improvement. Integration of patient-based real-time QC with artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques, including anomaly detection and deep learning, enhances the detection of analytical drift and sporadic errors beyond conventional QC systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurement uncertainty should be integrated within laboratory quality management systems rather than treated as an isolated requirement. Future directions include harmonization of measurement uncertainty estimation practices, adaptation to emerging analytical technologies, and improving clinician understanding and interpretation of uncertainty to enhance clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of lncRNA-ATB and miR-200c in patients with bladder cancer: a pilot study.","authors":"Murat Kaytaz, Mehmet Enes Degirmenci, Canan Kucukgergin, Abdurrahman Fatih Aydin, Oner Sanli, Selcuk Erdem, Faruk Ozcan, Yasemin Ozluk, Semra Dogru Abbasoglu","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bladder cancer is prevalent worldwide; however, the detailed mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of long noncoding RNA activated by transforming growth factor-β (lncRNA-ATB) and microRNA-200c (miR-200c) in tumor tissues of patients with bladder cancer and to explore their association with clinicopathologic features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohort consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained during transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The relative expression levels of lncRNA-ATB and miR-200c were determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LncRNA-ATB expression was substantially higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Conversely, miR-200c was upregulated in tumor tissues but showed lower expression in high-grade tumors compared with low-grade tumors. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that lncRNA-ATB (72% sensitivity, 68% specificity) and miR-200c (68% sensitivity, 64% specificity) could distinguish tumor from normal tissues.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study is the first to concurrently evaluate lncRNA-ATB and miR-200c expression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Even in early-stage bladder cancer, alterations in the lncATB/miR-200c axis appear to be associated with tumor grade and may potentially serve as an indicator of metastatic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147648016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorimetric LAMP assay enables rapid detection of Hb Lepore and Hb Sicilian deletions in the β-globin gene cluster with minimal instrumentation.","authors":"Leila Riahi, Mohsen Golabi, Hossein Jalali","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate and timely detection of hemoglobin (Hb) variants, including Hb Lepore and Hb Sicilian, is crucial for diagnosing and managing β-thalassemia. This study aimed to develop a simple and rapid colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for direct identification of these deletions without the need for complex laboratory equipment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from patients with confirmed Hb Lepore and Hb Sicilian deletions were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted, and LAMP primers targeting deletion breakpoints were designed using PrimerExplorer (Eiken Chemical Co), with the GAPDH PCR module (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc) as an internal control. Reactions were performed under isothermal conditions. Colorimetric detection was performed using CYTO24 dye, allowing visual assessment, while real-time fluorescence monitoring was carried out using CYTO 9 dye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LAMP assay accurately detected both deletions within 30 minutes, showing concordant results with reference methods in the tested samples. The colorimetric readout allowed easy visual interpretation without electrophoresis or specialized instruments, supporting its use in clinical and research settings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The developed colorimetric LAMP assay provides a simple, fast, and reliable alternative to polymerase chain reaction-based methods for screening hemoglobinopathies involving large deletions. Its visual detection and minimal equipment requirements make it suitable for low-resource or point-of-care settings. Further validation with larger cohorts and additional variants is recommended to enhance the assay's clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography screening reveals HbS/β+-thalassemia double heterozygosity as a pediatric muscular dystrophy mimic.","authors":"Carlos López-Medina, Isabel M Portell-Rigo, Virginia González-Iribarren, Carlos González-Oller, Alicia Sánchez-Crespo, Maria-Angustias Molina-Arrebola","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Compound hemoglobinopathies may present with variable clinical phenotypes, particularly when additional genetic modifiers coexist. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS)/β+-thalassemia can mimic other pediatric conditions, potentially delaying diagnosis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a widely accessible first-line screening tool that can facilitate identification of HbS/β+-thalassemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An 8-year-old boy from Mali presented with recurrent severe lower limb pain and gait impairment, initially suggesting a neuromuscular disorder. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia (hemoglobin, 6.3 g/dL) with reticulocytosis and biochemical evidence of hemolysis, despite preserved iron stores. Creatine kinase levels were normal. Peripheral smear showed anisopoikilocytosis with target cells, basophilic stippling, and rare sickled erythrocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HPLC findings demonstrated HbS predominance (64.2%) with elevated fetal hemoglobin (8.1%), increased adult hemoglobin A2 (5.4%), and residual adult hemoglobin A (22.3%), consistent with HbS/β+-thalassemia. Molecular testing confirmed heterozygous HbS and β+-thalassemia variants, homozygous 3.7-kilobase α-globin gene deletion, and a pathogenic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase A‒ haplotype. Positive parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M suggested an additional acute trigger.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Routine hematologic parameters combined with HPLC screening can promptly identify complex hemoglobinopathies in clinically misleading presentations, enabling accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspicious bands in serum and urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis tests in patients with and without a history of monoclonal gammopathies: a retrospective database study.","authors":"Merve Dincer, Ozgur Aydin, Volkan Karakus, Guzin Aykal","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electrophoresis tests are reported as negative, positive, or-rarely-as suspicious for monoclonal band (SfMB). This study aimed to determine the fate of patients with SfMB findings in long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with SfMB results obtained in 2019 were retrospectively identified. These patients were examined for the presence of any control electrophoresis test until their most recent hospital visit in 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, electrophoresis tests were reported for a total of 1289 patients. In total, 115 patients with no prior electrophoresis test results were reported as positive (newly diagnosed patients) and 30 patients with no prior electrophoresis test results were reported as SfMB. Among the 30 SfMB cases, control electrophoresis tests had yielded a positive result in 2 patients and a negative result in 12 patients. In the remaining 16 patients, 7 were without control electrophoresis test results but had long clinical follow-up, whereas 9 were without a control electrophoresis test result and clinical follow-up. In 357 patients with a previously diagnosed monoclonal gammopathy, 18 were reported as SfMG.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>None of the patients initially reported as having an SfMB developed monoclonal gammopathy during their follow-up period. We recommend that cases reported as \"suspicious\" be managed separately in patients with and without a prior monoclonal gammopathy diagnosis, where the term \"weak positive\" may be more appropriate in patients with a known monoclonal gammopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody screening for red blood cell alloimmunization in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Arak, Iran.","authors":"Maryam Yavari, Saeed Hassani, Mahmood Khosravi, Mino Golestani, Nasser Saeidi","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in hemodialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Arak, Iran. There is a paucity of incidence data for the region's transfused recipients because pretransfusion antibody screening is not routine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization among patients with CKD through a cross-sectional analysis from September 2022 to February 2023. A total of 49 transfused patients (33 male and 16 female) with CKD who had received at least 1 unit of ABO- and Rh D-matched RBCs were included. Antibody screening and identification tests were performed on these patients' sera.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common blood group among the patients was O Rh D positive (44.9%), followed by A Rh D positive (16.3%), B Rh D positive (14.3%), AB Rh D positive (8.2%), A Rh D negative (6.14%), B Rh D negative (6.1%), and O Rh D negative (4.1%). The mean (SD) number of RBC units transfused was 3.7 (3.3 [range, 1-14]) units; the median (IQR) was 3 (1-6) units. Diabetes was the most common underlying disease (n = 28 [57%]). None of these 49 patients was positive in our analysis for detecting antibodies against transfused RBCs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this study, none of the patients developed RBC alloantibodies, and more than 50% had diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonization of thyroid function test measurements across multiple immunoassay platforms for a common reference interval.","authors":"Gyu Won Cho, Min-Jeong Kim, Min Young Lee, Myeong Hee Kim, Woo In Lee, So Young Kang","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmaf091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmaf091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reference intervals for thyroid function tests vary across immunoassay platforms, leading to inconsistent clinical interpretations. This study aimed to establish a harmonized common reference interval through recalibration and evaluate its clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leftover serum samples from adults undergoing health examinations (n = 283 for thyrotropin [formerly thyroid-stimulating hormone], n = 265 for triiodothyronine [T3], and n = 283 for free thyroxine [FT4]) were analyzed on Abbott, Beckman Coulter, and Roche platforms. Percentile transformation with regression-based recalibration was applied to establish method-specific reference intervals, which were integrated into a common reference interval. Agreement was evaluated using coefficients of variation (s/x̄) × 100 (CVs), width ratios, overlap percentages, and limit-difference percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recalibration markedly reduced variability for thyrotropin (midpoint CV, 10.7% → 2.9%) and FT4 (22.7% → 6.1%). In contrast, T3 demonstrated limited improvement (midpoint CV, 5.1% → 9.3%; overlap, 73%-78%) and a large Abbott lower-limit discrepancy (ΔL% = 21.1%). Manufacturer-provided reference intervals demonstrated poor agreement (as low as 88% for thyrotropin and 91% for T3), whereas recalibrated and common reference intervals achieved 97% to 99% concordance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Percentile transformation with regression-based recalibration enables practical and cost-effective harmonization of thyrotropin and FT4 reference intervals. Although T3 harmonization remained limited, this approach demonstrates the feasibility and clinical value of harmonized common reference intervals for improving interpretive consistency in thyroid function tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of the cell surface area of neutrophils in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms.","authors":"Yosuke Kato, Daisuke Sakamoto, Shoma Hasegawa, Yumi Yamamoto, Yuto Mochimaru, Koji Teruya, Satoko Yamasaki, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Kiyoyuki Ogata","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The presence of abnormally small or large neutrophils in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) has been identified by experts and incorporated as a diagnostic feature in the World Health Organization classification. This finding remains subjective, however, and has not been quantitatively validated. We examined whether neutrophil size abnormalities in MDS can be quantified objectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood smears from 200 patients with MDS and 169 patients with diseases other than MDS were examined. Neutrophil areas were quantified using ImageJ software following the selection of nonoverlapping cells under defined smear conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neutrophils with areas smaller than 170 µm2 or larger than 240 µm2 were much more frequent in the MDS group than in the non-MDS group (P < .001). Using these thresholds to define small and large neutrophils, we assessed the proportion of abnormally sized cells per case. Cases with 10% or more and 50% or more small neutrophils were much more frequent in the MDS group than in the non-MDS group (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Cases with 50% or more large neutrophils were much more frequent in the MDS group than in the non-MDS group (P = .03).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides objective evidence that neutrophil size abnormalities are a characteristic feature of MDS and can be quantitatively characterized.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus infection in the era of universal leukoreduction and pathogen inactivation: a contemporary review.","authors":"Poobalan Kirupanantha Rajan, Shoganraj Selvaraj, Ilavarasan Kirupanantha Rajan","doi":"10.1093/labmed/lmag031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/labmed/lmag031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus remains a clinically significant risk in immunocompromised individuals, neonates, and transplant recipients. Despite widespread universal leukoreduction and pathogen-reduction technologies, uncertainty persists regarding residual risk and the role of CMV-seronegative blood components. This review summarizes the epidemiology, diagnostics, and prevention of transfusion-transmitted CMV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of the international literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and transfusion medicine databases. Studies on CMV seroprevalence, transfusion transmission, leukoreduction efficacy, CMV-seronegative donor screening, and pathogen-reduction technologies were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among blood donors varies widely, from 30% to 40% in high-income countries to 80% to 90% in low- and middle-income countries. Universal leukoreduction to achieve residual leukocyte counts below 5 ×106 per unit removes more than 99.9% of leukocytes, meeting US Food and Drug Administration and Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies standards. Pathogen-reduction systems, particularly amotosalen/ultraviolet A light and riboflavin/ultraviolet light, provide multilog viral inactivation and are recognized as effective CMV-mitigation strategies, although theoretical residual risk from window-period or reactivated donors persists.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Transfusion-transmitted CMV is an exceptional event in the era of universal leukoreduction. Pathogen-reduction technologies represent the next evolutionary step toward a CMV-safe blood supply. Continued surveillance and cost-effectiveness studies are essential, particularly in high-prevalence, resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94124,"journal":{"name":"Laboratory medicine","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}