Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Response to comment on reevaluation of malignancy risk in nondiagnostic thyroid nodules with long-term follow-up using surgical resections or core needle biopsy: A retrospective study","authors":"Ji-Seon Jeong MD, PhD, Dong Eun Song MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of fixative affects programmed death-ligand 1 expression in cell blocks from pleural effusions with metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma","authors":"Mohammed S. I. Mansour CT, PhD,&nbsp;Louise Pettersson MD, PhD,&nbsp;Rita Pedersen MD,&nbsp;Ulrich Mager MD,&nbsp;Kim Hejny BSc,&nbsp;Frida Kronqvist BSc,&nbsp;Anna Aronsson BSc,&nbsp;Tomas Seidal MD, PhD,&nbsp;Levent M. Akyürek MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ivana Kholová MD, PhD, MIAC","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunocytochemical (ICC) analysis of cell blocks (CBs) has recently emerged in clinical practice. Unlike standardized immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, cytology involves various preparation methods and fixatives. This study investigated how various fixatives influence PD-L1 immunoreactivity in CBs from malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) with metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three MPEs from patients with pulmonary AC were prospectively included. Four matched CBs per case were fixed in four different fixatives and immunostained with three PD-L1 antibodies. Tumor proportion score and staining intensity were evaluated at multiple cutoffs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cytology–cytology correlation of PD-L1 expression with the antibodies 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 was assessed in matched CBs fixed in either formalin, PreservCyt, CytoLyt, or CytoRich Red (the latter only in 26 cases). Compared to formalin, PreservCyt and CytoLyt showed moderate concordance at the ≥1% cutoff (Cohen kappa [κ], 0.463–0.535 and 0.57–0.586, respectively), except SP263 with CytoLyt, which demonstrated only fair concordance (κ, 0.382). The corresponding figures for CytoRich Red indicated substantial concordance for 28-8 and SP263 (κ, 0.601 and 0.669) and very good concordance for 22C3 (κ, 0.806). At the ≥50% cutoff, concordance improved for 28-8 and 22C3 but remained largely unchanged for SP263. All alcohol-based fixatives produced significantly weaker PD-L1 staining intensity than formalin across all antibodies (<i>p</i> &lt; .001–.007).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PD-L1 ICC expression in CBs depends on the fixative and antibody used. Alcohol-based fixatives, particularly with low cutoffs, risk underestimating PD-L1 positivity, and may contribute to false-negative results. ICC protocol optimization is essential before diagnostic use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence to decipher gynecologic cytopathology reports: Insights from an exploratory study for possible use in patient portals","authors":"Rachel S. Lichtenberg MD,&nbsp;Khin Su Mon MD,&nbsp;Swati Mehrotra MD,&nbsp;Levent Trabzonlu MD,&nbsp;Alessa Aragao MD,&nbsp;Rachel Gordezky MD,&nbsp;Yasemin Akdas PhD,&nbsp;Güliz A. Barkan MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 21st Century Cures Act allows patients to have immediate access to their medical records. However, it is documented that health literacy levels in patient portal users vary, and results shared with patients may require further explanation. The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate if an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot assistant (ChatGPT; Open AI, Inc.) may be used to simplify gynecologic cytopathology reports for patients. The authors also assessed pathologists' opinions on the quality of simplified pathology reports generated with ChatGPT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An experienced cytopathologist created 15 unique gynecologic cytopathology reports based on The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology. Two cytopathologists evaluated multiple possible prompts to ask ChatGPT for simplified, summarized explanations of cytopathology reports. The two prompts selected for this study were prompt 1 (“Explain this medical report to a child using simple language”) and prompt 2 (“What are the most important things I should know from my pathology report?”). Six pathologists received a questionnaire to evaluate factual accuracy, the inclusion of relevant medical information, and potential harm to the patient. They were asked to score each simplified explanation using a five-point Likert scale. Pathologists were also asked to list any missing information and potential physical and/or psychological harm. The scores were tabulated and analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six board-certified pathologists provided 180 evaluations of ChatGPT's explanations. The vast majority were scored as accurate, factually complete, and not perceived as a possible cause of harm for the patients, especially when using prompt 2. Explanations from ChatGPT for prompt 1 were scored less favorably.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insight into the field of automated simplification of pathology reports using ChatGPT. With proper prompting, AI chatbots have potential to serve as powerful assistants to patients desiring accurate, simple summaries of their gynecologic cytopathology reports, with minimal or no harm. These findings are based on pathologists' opinions—an indirect measure of patient understanding. Future studies should directly measure patient comprehension and intended follow-up actions to ensure that AI-simplified reports are not only medically accurate but truly patient-centered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Validation of on-slide immunocytochemistry controls prepared from long-term preserved prefixed cell suspensions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Roque RR, Srebotnik Kirbiš I, Pinheiro CSC, Martins RSF, Tavares VS, André S, Félix A. Validation of on-slide immunocytochemistry controls prepared from long-term preserved prefixed cell suspensions. <i>Cancer Cytopathol</i>. 2026; e70072. doi:10.1002/cncy.70072</p><p>In the original publication, the author affiliations were incomplete.</p><p>The authors apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disappearing act: The US retreat on research funding is dimming the future of international cancer research","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70071","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the first week of his second term, US President Donald Trump issued sweeping executive orders to stamp out diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. The administration subsequently axed hundreds of research grants that already had been awarded but whose inclusion of DEI principles amounted to “radical gender and racial ideologies that poison the minds of Americans,” according to the White House’s Cuts to Woke Programs Fact Sheet.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;That was just the start. Steep funding cuts to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) forced the interruption of more than 380 clinical trials, including more than 115 focused on cancer, according to an analysis in &lt;i&gt;JAMA Internal Medicine&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The cuts disproportionately affected trials conducted outside the United States. Beyond terminating or freezing thousands of grants, the NIH awarded 24% fewer grants and 19% less grant money for cancer research in 2025, according to an analysis by &lt;i&gt;The New York Times&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sharp cuts are worsening what had already been a decade-long downward trend in global funding for cancer research. In September 2025, three scientists at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom framed their analysis of funding patterns with an urgent call to action: “How to Save Global Cancer Research From Trump’s Cuts.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Steep reductions in US spending, they wrote, “will significantly weaken international collaboration ties” and require other countries such as the Commonwealth network of nations to step up their support. “The numbers tell a straightforward story. When the United States cuts cancer research funding, it breaks connections among researchers worldwide. This makes it harder for scientists to share discoveries and learn from each other—ultimately hurting cancer patients everywhere.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coauthor Michael Head, PhD, a senior research fellow in global health at the University of Southampton, says that the cuts to international aid and research and development are particularly concerning because there is no plan to mitigate the immediate and long-term harms. “I think that the impact of the geopolitical landscape is challenging at the minute, to put it mildly,” he says.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After a Trump administration initiative dubbed the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) slashed funding to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the administration in July 2025 terminated what had been the largest funding agency for humanitarian and development aid in the world. The administration framed its dismantling of USAID as a way to halt inefficiency and align foreign spending with its “America First” approach and alleged that US economic and development aid “has been funneled to radical, leftist priorities, including climate change, DEI, and LGBTQ activities around the world.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers, however, warn that the","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Fine-needle aspiration cytology reduces the frequency of surgeries for malignant salivary gland tumors”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mayer M, Kourou S, Alfarra M, et al. Fine-needle aspiration cytology reduces the frequency of surgeries for malignant salivary gland tumors. <i>Cancer Cytopathol</i>. 2026;e70070. doi:10.1002/cncy.70070</p><p>There is a mistake in the address of the corresponding author and in the Results section of the abstract.</p><p>The correct address is:</p><p>Kerpener Str. 62, 50931, Cologne, Germany</p><p>In the Results section of the abstract, in the following sentence, “results” should be changed to “result.” The revised sentence should read:</p><p>A high-to-intermediate risk compared to a nondiagnostic FNAC result was an independent predictor for fewer surgeries in multivariate analysis (incidence rate ratio, 0.875; 95% confidence interval, 0.773–0.990; <i>p</i> = .034).</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular testing and other metrics in thyroid cytology as quality-assurance measures in evaluating variation among pathologists in the diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance","authors":"Tarik M. Elsheikh MD,&nbsp;Claire Sheen MD,&nbsp;Timothy Bell DO,&nbsp;Christine Booth MD,&nbsp;Erika E. Doxtader MD,&nbsp;Fatima Hamadeh MD,&nbsp;Dawn Underwood MEd, CT(ASCP),&nbsp;Linlin Yang MD,&nbsp;Rema Chaari MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is a subjective diagnosis with reported interinstitutional rates ranging from 1% to 20%. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBS) endorsed ≤10% as an achievable target; however, lowering AUS rates without informed, adjusted diagnostic thresholds can compromise the sensitivity of thyroid cytology. The authors conducted this study to identify quality-assurance measures that can assess individual pathologist's metrics compared with laboratory averages and published benchmarks and can provide feedback to pathologists on the causes of discrepancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AUS rates of 15 cytopathology-boarded pathologists were correlated with AUS:malignant ratios (AUS:M), histologic risks of malignancy (ROMs), and Afirma molecular-positive call rates (PCRs), and scatterplots were constructed. The distribution of pathologist TBS diagnostic categories was compared with laboratory averages and correlated with the above metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathologist AUS rates ranged from 7% to 44% (mean, 19%; 926 of 4801 cases). Average AUS:M and ROM rates were 7.0% and 68% (range, 3%–35% and 25%–87%), respectively. Regression analysis highlighted pathologists' metrics that were outliers. Evaluation of the distribution of individual pathologist’s TBS diagnostic categories identified patterns/trends that explained deviations from laboratory averages, including patterns of significant overcalling of benign as AUS and downgrading diagnoses across multiple TBS categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Correlation of AUS, AUS:M, and ROM with molecular results, in addition to the distribution of pathologist TBS categories, offer a robust framework for quality assurance that illustrates deviations from target benchmarks, including shifts in interpretations from one TBS category to another. Giving feedback to pathologists regarding their practice patterns can help standardize diagnostic thresholds and meet designated target metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12854001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the microscope: Solving pathology challenges in low and middle income countries requires a multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Asteria H. Kimambo MD, MMed,&nbsp;Edda A. Vuhahula DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Dianna L. Ng MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of on-slide immunocytochemistry controls prepared from long-term preserved prefixed cell suspensions","authors":"Rúben Rodrigues Roque MSc, CFIAC,&nbsp;Irena Srebotnik Kirbiš PhD,&nbsp;Carla Sofia Castro Pinheiro CT(IAC),&nbsp;Rita Sattler Fagulha Martins CMIAC,&nbsp;Vanessa Sofia Tavares CMIAC,&nbsp;Saudade André MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ana Félix MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On-slide controls are essential for quality assurance in immunocytochemistry, yet their use in non–cell block cytology preparations remains a significant challenge. This study presents and evaluates a novel method for preparing on-slide controls from long-term prefixed cell suspensions, applicable to all types of cytology preparations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A methodology for preparing on-slide controls is described in detail and comprehensively validated via three key evaluations: assessing antigen and cellular morphology stability in 17 suspensions over 29 months; conducting a retrospective review of immunocytochemistry records (2019–2024) to determine feasibility; and performing a tracer study to evaluate cell carryover risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the stability assessment, all 20 evaluated antigens and cellular morphologies remained well preserved in the stored control samples, with only transient partial loss of antigenicity observed on three of 149 slides. The method was successfully and reliably applied in 1904 immunocytochemistry tests (<i>n</i> = 48 primary antibodies), with a failure rate of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1%–0.7%). The dedicated tracer study confirmed the complete absence of cell carryover or cross-contamination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The described method offers a robust, practical, and adaptable solution for preparing on-slide controls applicable to all cytology preparations, including previously stained and mounted slides. Implementing this approach strengthens quality control for non–cell block cytology slides, enhances diagnostic reliability, and brings cytology practice closer to the quality standards established in immunohistochemistry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coming apart: How US travel and immigration policies are fraying the future of cancer research","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70063","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In 2020, a &lt;i&gt;Cancer Cell&lt;/i&gt; commentary by three immigrant scientists and naturalized Americans decried immigration policies under the first Trump administration that were “adversely affecting biomedical science.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The policies, they stated, were at odds with the goal of beating cancer and with data that “overwhelmingly support the importance of immigrants for biomedical sciences and, in particular, cancer research.” Five years later, new travel, immigration, and funding policies by the second Trump administration have raised even deeper concerns that cancer research in the United States could be hobbled by the loss of highly skilled foreign researchers and the imposition of new barriers to international collaborations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gwen Nichols, MD, chief medical officer of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, says that the society’s goal is to support the very best research. “Oftentimes, that is a research team elsewhere in the world or a researcher working with folks in the US in a collaborative fashion,” she says. Blood cancers alone have been subdivided into 108 types, which underscores the complexity and need for international collaboration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amid that challenging backdrop, “I think we’re hitting the research workforce very hard,” Dr Nichols says. Some new immigration policies have been justified by the Trump administration as making research opportunities more equitable for scientists in the United States, “but they’ve cut the funding and they’ve cut grants!” she says. Beyond billions of dollars in cuts to National Institutes of Health grants, for instance, the administration proposed a 37% cut to the National Cancer Institute for fiscal year 2026.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a talk during the ScienceWriters2025 conference in Chicago, Illinois, University of Massachusetts Amherst economist Ina Ganguli, PhD, presented data suggesting that immigration to the United States increases productivity for both foreign and US researchers, with a few caveats. The boost, she said, comes from the arrival of new knowledge and collaboration. The country, Dr Nichols says, needs to be honest about the fact that most laboratories are staffed by a mix of US and foreign researchers, and that foreign-born scientists have made major contributions to the nation’s science and to mentoring and developing the next generation of researchers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reflecting the current climate of apprehension, however, multiple researchers declined to comment for this story or agreed to do so only under the condition of anonymity, due to fear of reprisal or denied US entry. Among the causes for concern, several cancer researchers say that they have begun worrying whether they might be detained or deported at immigration checkpoints for relatively innocuous reasons, such as having political text messages on their phones.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In May 2025, the Trump administration threatened to revoke the visas of Chinese students before later relenting. The following month, ","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}