Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Cytologic, histologic, and clinical correlation of minor mutations in pancreatic cysts","authors":"Melanie C. Kwan MD,&nbsp;Martha B. Pitman MD,&nbsp;M. Lisa Zhang MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22935","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major mutations (e.g., <i>KRAS</i>, <i>GNAS</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>SMAD4</i>) in pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) are useful for classifying and risk stratifying certain cyst types, particularly in cases with nondiagnostic cytology. However, the significance of uncommon minor mutations in PCF has yet to be reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 127 PCF specimens (2014–2021) from 121 patients that underwent molecular analysis were identified, and detailed clinicopathologic data were recorded. Molecular testing was performed using a laboratory-developed next-generation sequencing panel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five variants other than <i>KRAS</i>, <i>GNAS</i>, <i>RNF43</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>CDKN2A</i>, and <i>SMAD4</i> were detected. Variants that were detected in five or more cases included <i>ARID1A</i> (<i>n</i> = 28), <i>VHL</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>BRAF</i> (<i>n</i> = 12), <i>ATM</i> (<i>n</i> = 8), <i>APC</i> (<i>n</i> = 8), <i>MEN1</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), serine threonine kinase 11 <i>(STK11</i>; <i>n</i> = 5), <i>PIK3CA</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), and <i>CDH1</i> (<i>n</i> = 5). Thirty-eight of 121 patients (31%) had histologic confirmation on follow-up resection. Twenty-seven of 28 cysts (96%) with <i>ARID1A</i> mutations had concurrent <i>KRAS</i>/<i>GNAS</i> mutations; 17 (61%) were diagnosed as neoplastic mucinous cysts on cytology, and 10 (36%) were diagnosed as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) on histology (80% low grade). No patients developed disease recurrence or died of disease. Cysts with <i>STK11</i> mutations had <i>RAS</i> co-mutations (<i>KRAS</i>, <i>n</i> = 5; <i>NRAS</i>, <i>n</i> = 1), and four of those five cysts (80%) were mucinous neoplasms with high-grade atypia on cytology. All three resection specimens were IPMNs with high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma, and two of those patients died of disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In PCFs, <i>ARID1A</i> mutations were consistently associated with IPMNs (predominantly low grade) with no recurrences or deaths from disease. <i>STK11</i> mutations appeared to be associated with high-risk mucinous cysts. The detection of minor variants may provide useful preoperative information and add value beyond single-gene genotyping of major mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amid a boom in organ donation, a heightened focus on cancer risk in transplant recipients","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22932","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22932","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In 2023, the United States set a record for organ transplants, with more than 46,00 transplants performed with organs procured from more than 16,000 deceased donors and nearly 7000 living ones.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; With this encouraging trend reported by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), though, experts have stressed that the lifesaving operations can carry a tradeoff. Although it has happened only rarely, some donors’ metabolic disorders or nascent tumors have evaded detection before the transplant, the latter resulting in the documented transmission of glioblastoma multiforme and lung, breast, colorectal, kidney, and other cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More commonly, donors can transmit parasitic, fungal, bacterial, or viral infections, including some cancer-linked pathogens such as &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt;, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, as well as more ubiquitous viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus and human papillomavirus (HPV). &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; has been linked to gastric cancer, chronic hepatitis, and liver cancer; Epstein–Barr to non-Hodgkin lymphoma; and HPV to cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 2021 study by OPTN’s Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC) suggested that donor-derived disease transmission occurs in less than 1% of all transplant recipients. Of the proven or probable donor transmission events, 67% involved infections, 29% included malignancies, and 6% involved other disease processes (a small percentage involved more than one kind of event).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;\u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gerald Berry, MD, a professor of surgical pathology at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, and a cancer expert on the DTAC, says that the committee first tries to determine whether a transmissible event is donor-derived or originates in the recipient. “Then the subcategory is, even if it’s donor derived, was it there at the time of transplant and too small to actually detect?”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The DTAC’s work toward determining whether a malignancy can be traced back to the donor, even years after the fact, can help to establish the risk for the remaining cohort of transplant recipients. “Many times, the donor is providing organs for more than one recipient, so the biggest concern is when a recipient develops a malignancy, are the other recipients at risk?” Dr Berry says. The risk can be further characterized according to tumor type: A donor’s brain tumor that has metastasized, for example, would pose a considerably bigger danger than a far more treatable thyroid tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most significant cancer-related risk for organ transplant recipients, however, is associated with the very immunosuppressive medications that are required to prevent rejection of the organs but also can render the immune system less able to identify and kill tumor cells or battle cancer-linked infections. “The patients are so heavily immunosuppressed as part of the transplant protocol that the host versus the virus mechani","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.22932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytologic diagnosis of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma: A single-institutional experience","authors":"Patrick C. Mullane MD,&nbsp;Xiaohua Qian MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hubert D. Lau MD,&nbsp;Alarice Cheng-Yi Lowe MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22931","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22931","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FHRCC) is an aggressive carcinoma that typically presents as advanced-stage disease. Prompt recognition of FHRCC is critical for appropriate clinical care and genetic counseling for patients and family members. However, diagnosing FHRCC from cytology specimens is challenging, with limited characterization and no reports describing prospectively identified cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cytology fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases diagnosed as FHRCC were reviewed, including two prospectively identified cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five cases of FHRCC diagnosed by FNA cytology were identified in five unique patients. The cytologic samples included four FNAs with core biopsy and one FNA with cell block. Biopsy sites included kidney (<i>n</i> = 1), chest wall (<i>n</i> = 1), omentum (<i>n</i> = 1), lung (<i>n</i> = 1), and cervical lymph node (<i>n</i> = 1). All cases demonstrated cytologically malignant epithelial cells characterized by enlarged, round nuclei with variable pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membranes, prominent nucleoli, and moderate-to-abundant amounts of cytoplasm. Perinucleolar halos characterized by chromatin margination and pallor around macronucleoli were seen in all cases. Cytologic features not previously described included cytoplasmic macrovacuoles and eosinophilic globules, cytophagocytosis, and <i>floral groups</i>. Papillary architecture was rarely present on aspirate smears. Cell block sections showed variable architectural patterns. By immunohistochemistry, FH was definitively lost in three of five cases (60%), and 2-succinocysteine was positive in all 5 cases (100%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cytologic specimens of FHRCC demonstrate salient cytomorphologic features that can support their initial diagnosis. Confirmatory immunohistochemical testing using a dual panel of fumarate hydratase and 2-succinocysteine is recommended for the diagnosis in limited biopsy samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counseling gap may worsen endometrial cancer disparities in Black women","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22928","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22928","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cancer of the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus, is the most common gynecologic cancer. Its incidence is accelerating, especially in younger women and among racial and ethnic minorities; it is one of the few cancers with worsening mortality rates.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The trend is most pronounced in Black women, who are two-fold more likely to die of endometrial cancer than their White counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Research has shown that mutations in dozens of cancer predisposition genes, or germline pathogenic variants, can increase the risk. A recent study that grouped 1625 women with endometrial cancer by self-reported race, ethnicity, and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, however, has pointed to a more troubling contributor to disparities in patient outcomes. Although the genetic mutation rates were lowest in women who identified as being Black or of African ancestry, so too were their rates of genetic counseling, which could help them to assess treatment options.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;\u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study, led by oncologist Ying Liu, MD, MPH, at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, suggests that the counseling disparities also could dampen subsequent counseling rates for at-risk relatives. Social determinants then could be making endometrial cancer morbidity and mortality disparities worse in Black women despite a genetic contribution to risk that is equivalent to or lower than that in White women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given the growing use of such germline assessments, Dr Liu and her colleagues emphasize the need to understand variations related to patients’ ancestry, correlations between genetic findings and tumor traits, and “downstream implications on treatment and cancer prevention and the potential contribution to racial disparities in outcomes.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oladapo Yeku, MD, PhD, assistant professor of medicine at Harvard University, says that he is not surprised by Dr Liu’s findings “but very concerned because it gave numbers to some of the things that a lot of doctors in the community and academic centers have known for some time.” Many physicians had sensed that women in underserved communities were not getting appropriate referrals for genetic counseling. “But it was hard to get a number on it; it hadn’t been rigorously studied,” Dr Yeku says. “What this single institution report did was actually put some numbers to what some people had feared the whole time.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The referral gap is even more concerning because tumor mutation testing and guideline-based recommendations for managing newly diagnosed, advanced, and recurrent endometrial cancer generally have increased in availability. As Dr Yeku wrote in an editorial accompanying the study, “disparities in testing, referral to clinical genetics, and participation in clinical trials are persistent contributors to poor outcomes in this patient population.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;\u0000 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lack of access, in fact, has been a consistent theme in multiple aspects of care ","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.22928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same-day molecular testing for targetable mutations in solid tumor cytopathology—The next frontier of the rapid on-site evaluation","authors":"J. Bryan Iorgulescu MD, MPH,&nbsp;Richard Kenneth Yang MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri MD, PhD,&nbsp;Gloria Hopkins Sura MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22930","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing the Idylla system, an ultra-rapid, cartridge-based assay, as an extension of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in cytology. The authors conducted a pilot validation study on specimens from non–small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma, evaluating four assays designed to detect alterations in <i>KRAS</i>, <i>EGFR</i>, <i>BRAF</i>, gene fusions, and expression imbalances in <i>ALK</i>, <i>ROS1</i>, <i>RET</i>, <i>NTRK</i>1/2/3, and <i>MET</i> exon 14 skipping transcripts. They investigated the feasibility of providing accurate biomarker molecular testing results in a cytopathology laboratory within hours of specimen collection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors evaluated the performance characteristics and turn-around-time of the Idylla system by testing a total of 144 cartridge assays across various specimen types, including fine-needle aspirate smears, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell blocks, small tissue biopsy FFPE blocks, and control cell line FFPE scrolls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average time from specimen input to results output was 2–3 hours. Accuracy across the four cartridge types was: <i>KRAS</i> assay: 100%, <i>EGFR</i> assay: 94%, <i>BRAF</i> assay: 100%, and GeneFusion assay: 94%. Analytical sensitivity ranged from 1% to 5% variant allele frequency for all assays. Inter-assay precision and analytical specificity were both 100%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the Idylla system, actionable genetic alterations can be reliably detected within 2–3 hours from cytology and small biopsy samples with minimal input requirements. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating same-day molecular testing as part of ROSE procedures in the cytopathology laboratory, ultimately shortening the time from procedure to personalized treatment for cancer patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State pathology societies—valuable resources for trainees","authors":"Myles R. McCrary MD, PHD,&nbsp;Carmen Gomez-Fernandez MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The importance of large, national/international organizations like the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the US and Canadian Academy of Pathology for resident and fellow training cannot be overstated. However, many opportunities also exist at the locoregional level, such as pathology state societies, which vary widely in size, structure, and level of engagement but can provide valuable resources and networking opportunities for trainees. What are some specific resources, initiatives, and mechanisms that might be beneficial for local, state, and regional pathology society groups to enhance trainee experiences? The Florida Society of Pathologists (FSP) enjoys a long history of representing the interests of Florida pathologists and is an impressive example of a large state society. Key areas addressed for residents and fellows who participate in the FSP include engagement, networking, education, and advocacy. Here, we summarize several programs and initiatives that the FSP has pursued to cater to the needs of Florida's resident/fellow trainees, and we hope that this information will benefit other locoregional and state societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid on-site evaluation using telecytology: Quality assurance study at a high-volume cancer center","authors":"Mohamed Alhamar MD,&nbsp;Dorota Rudomina MBA, CT (ASCP),&nbsp;Lu Wang BS, CT (ASCP),&nbsp;Rusmir Feratovic MHA, CT (ASCP),&nbsp;Handy Oen MBA, CT, MB (ASCP),&nbsp;Oscar Lin MD, PhD,&nbsp;Xiao-Jun Wei MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22929","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Telecytology-assisted rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) offers a cost-effective method to enhance minimally invasive biopsies like fine needle aspiration and core biopsies with touch preparation. By reducing nondiagnostic sampling and the need for repeat procedures, ROSE via telecytology facilitates prompt triage for ancillary tests, improving patient management. This study examines cases initially deemed adequate for diagnosis during telecytology-assisted ROSE but later categorized as nondiagnostic at final evaluation (NDIS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a retrospective analysis of telecytology-assisted ROSE cases over 7 years at a major cancer center, focusing on fine needle aspiration and touch preparation of core biopsies. Each case was thoroughly reviewed, correlating with clinical data and concurrent core biopsies or subsequent excisions. The study identified leading factors contributing to NDIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average NDIS rate was 0.06% (42/70,612). Misinterpretation of benign or reactive cells as neoplastic was the leading cause (76.2%) of discrepancies between original ROSE and final diagnosis. Kidney biopsies had the highest NDIS rate (0.90%), primarily because of misinterpreting nonneoplastic cells. Thyroid biopsies were linked to quantitative threshold issues (0.10%). NDIS events were most associated with misinterpretation in kidney, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung biopsies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, the NDIS rate in telecytology-assisted ROSE is low, but quality assurance identified areas for improvement. Recognizing site-specific pitfalls during telecytology-assisted ROSE can enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid turnaround time workflow for a cytological liquid biopsy assay using FNA supernatant specimens","authors":"Mohamed H. Maher PharmD, PhD,&nbsp;Dzifa Y. Duose PhD,&nbsp;Ignacio I. Wistuba MD,&nbsp;Rajyalakshmi Luthra MD,&nbsp;Srividya Arjuna PhD,&nbsp;Sinchita Roy Chowdhuri MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22925","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic profiling is essential in the management of non–small cell lung cancer. However, this may often be challenging because of limited cytological tissue and extended turnaround time (TAT) for next-generation sequencing (NGS). This study aims to describe a rapid TAT workflow for molecular profiling using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) supernatants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A fully automated total nucleic acid extraction using the Genexus Integrated System was compared to a manual extraction using FNA supernatants from 50 patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Molecular profiling using the 50 gene Oncomine Precision Assay GX panel was performed and NGS results were compared with those of paired tissue samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FNA samples processed using the automated Genexus purification system (<i>n</i> = 42) and the manual extraction method (<i>n</i> = 8) showed comparable quality control metrics with a median total nucleic acid yield of 1230 ng (18–17720 ng) and 1068 ng (777–1740 ng), respectively. The Genexus purification system reduced the hands-on time from 120 to 30 minutes, enhancing workflow efficiency and decreasing the overall TAT. Of the 50 samples extracted, NGS was performed on 26 samples: seven via manual extraction and 19 using automated extraction. NGS quality control metrics were also comparable between both extraction methods. The overall TAT of the automated NGS workflow from specimen received to test result was 24 hours, providing rapid and reliable molecular results for timely clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study of the value of micronucleus count in urinary cytology samples in the follow-up of patients with urothelial carcinoma: Implications for diagnosis and prognosis","authors":"Tuba Dilay Kökenek Ünal MD,&nbsp;Ayşegül Aksoy Altınboğa MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22923","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22923","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nuclear protrusions such as micronuclei (MNs) and nuclear budding (NB) are morphological findings of chromosomal instability and indicators of genotoxic damage. They are increased in malignancies, and their high frequency may be used in the diagnosis of cancers and the follow-up of patients. Urothelial carcinomas are common tumors that cause morbidity and mortality, and cytology is a commonly used method for the monitoring and screening of urothelial carcinoma. Although the cytological evaluation of urinary samples is mainly based on nuclear features, there is limited research focusing on MN frequency in urinary cytology. This study aimed to investigate MN and NB counts in various diagnostic categories of urinary samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 117 urinary cytology samples categorized according to The Paris System for Reporting of Urinary Cytology. Two observers, blinded to the diagnosis, counted the frequency of MNs and NB per 1000 cells on May-Grünwald-Giemsa– and Papanicolaou-stained slides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MN and NB counts significantly differed among the groups (<i>p</i> &lt; .001 for each) with a large effect (Ɛ² = 0.509). MN and NB counts were significantly higher in cases with high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) than in control cases and in cases that were negative for HGUC or with atypical urothelial cells (<i>p</i> &lt; .001 for each). Any MN count greater than 2.5 per 1000 cells indicated HGUC with a 55% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Because increased MN and NB frequencies are closely associated with an increased risk of malignancy, these could be integrated into The Paris System for Reporting of Urinary Cytology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deadliness of loneliness","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22924","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In May 2023, US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, MBA, issued a stark health advisory. “Our epidemic of loneliness and isolation has been an underappreciated public health crisis that has harmed individual and societal health,” he asserted. Dr Murthy cited research suggesting that poor social connections increase the risk of depression, anxiety, heart disease, stroke, dementia in older adults, and premature death. The World Health Organization likewise declared loneliness a global health threat in 2023, and other countries have raised the alarm on a problem likely exacerbated by social distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studies of people who are lonely, socially isolated, or living alone have expanded the potential consequences to include a higher risk of developing and dying of cancer, increasing the urgency of understanding the problem, its contributing factors, and the potential solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the flurry of attention, Frank Infurna, PhD, a professor of psychology at Arizona State University in Tempe, says that the loneliness “epidemic” has been more of an endemic but growing problem in the United States, particularly within the Baby Boomer and Gen X generations. “We’re seeing over multiple generations, over multiple cohorts, that loneliness levels within the US are elevated. So, it’s been a problem not just recently; it’s been a problem for a while,” he says.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kerri Winters-Stone, PhD, an exercise scientist and professor in the Division of Oncological Sciences at the Oregon Health &amp; Science University in Portland, began shifting her work to focus on loneliness among cancer survivors a few years ago. “I think it’s a bigger problem than we’re acknowledging,” she says. If loneliness and isolation should be treated as cancer-abetting threats akin to smoking and the human papillomavirus, however, studies have not yet settled on how to similarly tamp down the danger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The problem is complicated by related but different kinds of “aloneness.” &lt;i&gt;Social isolation&lt;/i&gt;, for example, refers to a small or nonexistent social network or a lack of meaningful engagement with others, whereas &lt;i&gt;loneliness&lt;/i&gt; refers to a mismatch between desired and actual social connections—the unwanted feeling of being alone or not close to others. “A person can be socially isolated but may not feel lonely, and vice versa,” says Hyunjung Lee, PhD, MS, MPP, MBA, a principal scientist on the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Disparities Research Team (the American Cancer Society publishes &lt;i&gt;Cancer Cytopathology&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Living alone, by contrast, is a more objective measure “that can be easily assessed with a single question on the number of people in the household,” Dr Lee says. “People who live alone are more likely to be socially isolated or feel lonely, although this is not always the case.” Research also suggests that older people are more likely to live alone in the United States than elsewhere around the world—in ","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"132 12","pages":"736-737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.22924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}