Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Economic value and clinical role of minimally invasive, biopsy-based diagnostics in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Jiayuan Guo MSc,&nbsp;Bo Franzén PhD,&nbsp;Rolf Lewensohn MD, PhD,&nbsp;Martin Hysek MD, PhD,&nbsp;Linus Jönsson MD, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Precision oncology requires diagnostic sampling that delivers molecularly actionable material quickly and safely. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), core-needle biopsy (CNB) remains common. Yet fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has re-emerged with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), optimized cell blocks, and next-generation sequencing. The objective of this study was to compare the economic costs of FNA versus CNB with respect to an <i>FNA-first with predefined CNB escalation</i> strategy for NSCLC clinical pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors synthesized evidence on diagnostic adequacy, complication rates, and molecular performance of cytology versus core tissue. A microcosting framework decomposed total diagnostic episode costs into sampling, processing, complications, and remedial procedures. This framework was applied to Sweden’s Standardized Cancer Care Pathway for NSCLC using decision-tree modeling and sensitivity analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modern cytology workflows with ROSE achieve a nondiagnostic sampling rate ≤6% and support programmed death-ligand 1 and broad next-generation sequencing with high mutation concordance to surgical specimens. Compared with CNB, FNA incurs fewer major complications and facilitates repeat sampling. In the Swedish illustration, an FNA-first pathway with ROSE reduced expected per-patient diagnostic cost by approximately 33% (7748 vs. 11,637 Swedish krona). The results were robust to ±50% variation in complication rates and ±5%–10% variation in adequacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reframing <i>adequacy</i> around molecular fitness and time to actionability supports FNA where ROSE exists, with codified, same-episode CNB escalation. This approach advances safety, capacity, and timeliness without compromising molecular yield. The authors provide a transferable cost-consequence model and implementation checklist for health systems. Local recalibration is required for absolute cost values, and multisite calibration is encouraged to establish generalizability across the different settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors in cytopathology practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Henri Lagerstam BMed, PhD,&nbsp;David Kalfert MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ivana Kholová MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors (PSGTs) are rare but clinically significant tumors that originate from the submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial tree. Cytologic samples taken during bronchoscopy are a key component of preoperative evaluation. However, cytologic diagnosis remains challenging because of the submucosal growth and morphologic overlap of PSGTs. In addition, current knowledge of the cytohistologic correlation of PSGTs is fragmented. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cytologic diagnoses of PSGTs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive, systematic literature search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify studies with cytologic and histologic diagnoses of PSGTs. Comprehensive data on diagnostic and clinical factors, when available, were collected for all individual patients. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using OpenMeta (Analyst) software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 49 studies comprising 106 patients were identified. Final cytohistologic concordance was demonstrated in 48.1% of cases. Fine-needle aspiration showed the highest sensitivity (75.0%), followed by bronchial/tracheal washing (38.1%), and bronchial brushing (34.2%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common histologic subtype, accounting for 67 cases, followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which accounted for 27 cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cytologic diagnosis of rare PSGTs remains challenging. Overall, cytohistologic concordance was 48.1%. However, fine-needle aspiration demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy than exfoliative cytology and may facilitate a more accurate preoperative assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148903964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New research points to growing potential for detecting minimal residual disease","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;After patients diagnosed with cancer complete their treatment, oncologists typically use imaging scans, protein-based assays, and other clinical examinations to assess whether any malignant cells or cell fragments remain. That determination informs subsequent treatment decisions. As physicians have learned, however, traditional detection methods can overlook lingering cancer cells—critical indicators of persistence, recurrence, or metastasis. Recent studies have suggested that circulating DNA derived from the tumor itself might overcome the clinical shortcoming by acting as a real-time biomarker for detecting any minimal residual disease (MRD; also variously referred to as molecular, measurable, or microscopic residual disease). Research groups have begun testing the prognostic and predictive value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) liquid biopsies on a growing number of cancers, with promising early results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current testing techniques provide only a general estimate of whether a patient may have residual disease, says Daniel Faden, MD, FACS, director of the Head and Neck Cancer Genomics and Liquid Biopsy Program at Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts. “MRD is an actual readout of whether or not this patient has residual disease or not,” says Dr Faden, who is also an associate professor of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery at Harvard Medical School. “So highly sensitive and highly specific MRD testing really would be a game changer for all cancer types.” Even so, he and other scientists concede that more research and clinical trials are necessary and that concerns such as cost-effectiveness, tumor heterogeneity, detection limits, and a lack of standardized test interpretation also need to be addressed.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rather than focus on one main ctDNA detection method, researchers have explored multiple options. One liquid biopsy technique known as tumor-informed detection, for example, looks for DNA mutations specific to a patient’s cancer. Dr Faden says that the &lt;i&gt;a priori&lt;/i&gt; knowledge needed to assemble the “bespoke panel” usually depends on a tumor biopsy. “The advantages of tumor-informed assays are they tend to have very high sensitivity and specificity because you know what you’re looking for and you’re only looking for that,” he says. The downside is that designing the custom panel for each patient can be expensive and time-consuming.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One retrospective study of 61 patients with early-stage uterine cancer found that the results of a tumor-informed ctDNA analysis correlated well with patient outcomes.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; “Notably, of patients who recurred and for whom clinical outcomes were available, 100% were ctDNA-positive before or at the time of recurrence, whereas none of the serially ctDNA-negative patients experienced relapse,” the authors wrote. Lead author Peter Ketch, MD, a gynecologic oncology fellow at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, says that those ear","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight: Rising stars in cytology","authors":"Terrance J. Lynn MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight: Rising stars in cytology","authors":"Gloria Hopkins Sura MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of high-risk HPV polymerase chain reaction–based testing in head and neck FNA specimens with indeterminate cytomorphology","authors":"Vanda F. Torous MD,&nbsp;William C. Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is critical in the initial diagnosis of many high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)–associated, metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Updated guidelines recommend HR-HPV–specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis over p16 immunohistochemistry on FNA specimens because p16 performs poorly on cytology material. PCR-based assays on liquid cytology material have demonstrated excellent analytic performance; however, the diagnostic utility of a positive HR-HPV PCR result in specimens with indeterminate cytomorphology remains uncharacterized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors retrospectively identified 279 head and neck FNA specimens that had paired HR-HPV PCR testing on residual liquid cytology material over a 5-year period. The positive predictive value for histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma on surgical follow-up was calculated within each cytologic interpretive category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HR-HPV PCR results were positive in 50.2% of specimens, negative in 40.9%, and indeterminate in 9.0%. The HR-HPV positivity rate ranged from 0% in specimens categorized as negative for malignancy to 57.3% in cytologically positive specimens, with 19.0%, 41.2%, and 50.0% positivity in the atypical, suspicious, and nondiagnostic categories, respectively. Among cytologically indeterminate specimens with positive HR-HPV PCR results (<i>n</i> = 14), the positive predictive value was 100% (95% confidence interval, 78.5%–100.0%). Blinded slide review additionally identified 15 cytologically positive specimens in which the definitive malignant interpretation depended substantially on HR-HPV positivity; all 15 were confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A positive HR-HPV PCR result on liquid cytology material carries a positive predictive value of 100% for malignancy in cytologically indeterminate head and neck FNA specimens. These findings support integrating HR-HPV PCR analysis into routine cytologic interpretation with the potential to upgrade some indeterminate specimens to malignant when HR-HPV is detected, expediting definitive treatment and sparing patients additional, invasive sampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of atypical glandular cell interpretation in Pap tests using the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System","authors":"Terri E. Jones MD,&nbsp;Jonee Matsko SCT, MB (ASCP),&nbsp;Daisy Wu MD,&nbsp;Xianxu Zeng MD, PhD,&nbsp;Amy Colaizzi SCT, (ASCP),&nbsp;Haley Brown CT (ASCP),&nbsp;Liron Pantanowitz MD, PhD,&nbsp;Chengquan Zhao MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atypical glandular cells (AGC) are a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and diagnostic performance of AGC detection on the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System (HGDDS). A retrospective analysis of 451 ThinPrep Pap cases was conducted, including 207 cases of AGC, 27 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 25 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 192 benign cases. All AGC cases had follow-up histologic diagnoses, with 66 cases subsequently diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The slides were randomized, scanned, and analyzed by the HGDDS. Patient age and HPV test results were provided to reviewers, an experienced cytologist, who screened the cases, followed by two cytopathologists who independently examined the cases on the HGDDS. Diagnostic concordance between the two cytopathologists indicated strong agreement (κ = 0.829). Sensitivity of AGC on Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for adenocarcinoma detection on HGDDS was 98.5% and 95.5%, respectively, comparable to the original ThinPrep interpretation (OTPI). Specificity for adenocarcinoma detection was significantly higher (84.6% and 85.6%) with the HGDDS than 27.7% with OTPI. Overall, the diagnostic performance for AGC/HSIL interpretation to detect CIN2/3/adenocarcinoma appeared to have improved with HGDDS compared with OTPI, particularly for specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). This is the first study evaluating AGC diagnosis using the HGDDS. The findings demonstrate that the sensitivity of adenocarcinoma detection as AGC on HGDDS is comparable to the ThinPrep Imaging System, but the specificity and PPV are improved. This suggests the potential of artificial intelligence to augment the performance of cervical cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interobserver variation among cytopathologists in the evaluation of oncocytic cell-predominant thyroid FNA cytology: A validation study of 173 cases with surgical follow-up and correlation with molecular testing","authors":"Tarik M. Elsheikh MD,&nbsp;Erika E. Doxtader MD,&nbsp;Marko Golusin MD,&nbsp;Juan Xing MD,&nbsp;James F. Bena MS,&nbsp;Lame Balikani MD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interpretation of oncocytic cell-predominant cytologies (OCP) is very challenging as a majority of those cases are diagnosed as indeterminate, including atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and follicular neoplasm (FN). The authors previously reported a combination of a four-risk factor model highly predictive of neoplasia and malignancy that included four cytologic features and nodule size. However, that model was based on a single cytopathologist (CP) review. The current study assessed the reproducibility of previous findings among several CPs in a larger separate patient cohort, correlated with molecular studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four CPs independently evaluated cytologic features of 173 surgically confirmed OCP (24 AUS, 149 FN). Nodule size was recorded separately and incorporated into risk factor scores. A subset of 80 cases underwent molecular testing with Afirma or ThyroSeq. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interobserver agreements were strong for high cellularity, moderate for isolated single cells, and poor for absent colloid and anisonucleosis. Risk factor scores demonstrated strong agreement, high specificity (77%–92%) and low sensitivity (6%–22%). Pathologist agreement did not better predict neoplasm or malignancy. Afirma and ThyroSeq molecular tests had similar performances with overall sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative rates of 86%, 35%, and 13%–17%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cytologic evaluation of OCP was limited by wide interobserver variability and inconsistent associations with outcomes. Agreement of CPs on presence of specific cytologic features did not enhance prediction of neoplasm or malignancy. Molecular testing provided more objective performance displaying high sensitivity; however, specificity was low and FNR was elevated. Clinicians should be made aware of the greater limitations associated with cytology and molecular test results of OCP compared to those reported for their nononcocytic counterparts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytodiagnostic features of angiofibroma of soft tissue: A review of 16 cases to identify characteristic findings and their diagnostic significance","authors":"Takahiko Ito CT,&nbsp;Kyoko Yamashita MD, PhD,&nbsp;Koichi Ikebata CT,&nbsp;Satoko Baba MT,&nbsp;Yuki Togashi PhD,&nbsp;Akito Dobashi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Keisuke Ae MD, PhD,&nbsp;Seiichi Matsumoto MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kengo Takeuchi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hitoshi Abe CT, PhD,&nbsp;Tomohiro Chiba MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Angiofibroma of soft tissue (AFST) is a rare benign fibroblastic/myofibroblastic neoplasm. Despite several published studies describing the clinicopathological features of AFSTs, its cytological characteristics remain poorly documented. This study aimed to identify distinctive cytological features that may support accurate diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors reviewed 16 histologically confirmed AFST cases diagnosed at their institution between 2007 and 2025. The cytological specimens were evaluated for stromal composition, vascular patterns, cellularity, and cytomorphology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed to detect the <i>AHRR</i>::<i>NCOA2</i> or <i>AHRR</i>::<i>NCOA3</i> gene fusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age of the patients was 58 years, with a female predominance. The tumors occurred predominantly in the lower extremities. Cytologically, exclusively collagenous stroma (62.5%), mixed collagenous/myxoid stroma (31.2%), and purely myxoid stroma (6.2%) were observed. Two distinctive vascular patterns were identified: protruding small vessels at the margin of cell clusters (87.5%) and reticular vascular networks (43.8%), which were frequently identified in the cases with myxoid stroma (83.3%). Under the World Health Organization Reporting System for Soft Tissue Cytopathology, 12 cases (75%) were classified in nonbenign categories (soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential [STNUMP], 62.5%; atypical, 12.5%). <i>AHRR</i>::<i>NCOA2</i> fusion was identified in 14 cases and <i>AHRR</i>::<i>NCOA3</i> in the remaining two cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AFST poses significant diagnostic challenges in cytological practice. Recognition of these two characteristic vascular patterns within distinct stromal backgrounds is essential for differentiating AFST from other spindle cell and myxoid neoplasms of intermediate-to-malignant biological behavior, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight: Rising stars in cytology","authors":"Christopher O'Conor MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}