Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Utility and performance of cell blocks in cerebrospinal fluid cytology: Experience at two teaching hospitals.","authors":"Hyeji Yoon, Constance V Chen, Vimal Krishnan, Jill Grochowski, Gioia Iezza, Poonam Vohra, Ronald Balassanian, Nancy Y Greenland","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22836","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytology cell blocks (CBs) are not routinely made for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. The goal of this study was to identify when CSF CB preparation improves diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Under institutional review board approval, a retrospective review of CSF cytology cases was conducted at a tertiary university-based hospital and an affiliated county hospital. Patient history, CSF volume, final diagnosis, use of stains, and whether the CB was contributory was determined from the cytopathology report. CSF nucleated cell count data was obtained from the medical record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 69 CSF specimens with CBs from January 2006 to March 2023 were identified from 61 patients. The median CSF volume was 8 mL (interquartile range, 4-13 mL; range, 1-800 mL), with immunohistochemical stains performed on 29 (42%) cases. Per cytology report, CB was contributory in 23 cases (33%), not contributory in 34 cases (49%), and not discussed in 12 cases (17%). The median volume was 8 mL for cases in which CB was contributory, not contributory, or not discussed. There was no difference in average nucleated cell counts between cases in which CB was contributory versus not contributory (73.9 vs. 40.0, p = .175).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBs for CSF samples were contributory in a subset (33%) of cases. The authors were unable to identify any specific pre-analytic factors, including specimen volume and average nucleated cell counts, for cases in which CB was contributory. Further evaluation is needed to identify if there are scenarios in which CSF CBs should be routinely prepared.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphologic and molecular characterization of spindle cell carcinoid tumors of the lung.","authors":"Rachelle P Mendoza, Emily Symes, Peng Wang, Cole Miller, Stephanie C Thompson, Tatjana Antic, Anna Biernacka","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spindle cell carcinoid tumor (SCCT) is a rare variant of lung carcinoid tumor consisting predominantly or exclusively of spindle cells. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to date investigating the molecular characteristics of SCCTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-five carcinoid tumors initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration over a period of 10 years were reviewed. The final diagnostic classification was based on resection specimens. Six SCCTs were identified and characterized based on cytomorphology, and immunohistochemical and molecular features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients with SCCT were Caucasian (100.0%), women (83.3%), asymptomatic (66.7%), and nonsmokers (83.3%). The median age at diagnosis was 78.0 years (range, 58.2-80.3 years). A higher proportion of patients who had SCCT were diagnosed with distant metastasis. The smears were cellular and demonstrated clean backgrounds without necrosis or mitotic activity. SCCTs comprised of bipolar-to-elongated cells with finely granular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and minimal atypia or pleomorphism. The tumor cells sometimes appeared boomerang-shaped and might mimic granulomas or blood vessels. SCCTs showed strong expression for pan-cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56, with weak TTF-1 and a very low Ki-67 proliferation index. All SCCTs had low tumor mutational burden and were microsatellite-stable. One case showed multiple whole-gene losses in chromosome 11, whereas another harbored duplication in ARID1A. Two cases demonstrated gains in chromosomes 17, one of which also showed gains in chromosome 18. None had a single nucleotide mutation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SCCT is a rare subset of lung carcinoid tumors. These tumors harbor unique cytologic, prognostic, and molecular features that may have significant diagnostic and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of malignancy and overall survival associated with the diagnostic categories in the World Health Organization Reporting System for Pancreaticobiliary Cytopathology.","authors":"Wen-Yu Hsiao, Qun Wang","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22880","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) classification system revised the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) system for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytopathology. To better stratify intraductal and/or cystic neoplasms by cytologic grade, the neoplastic, other category was replaced by two new categories: pancreaticobiliary neoplasm, low-risk/grade (PaN-Low) and pancreaticobiliary neoplasm, high-risk/grade (PaN-High). Low-grade malignancies were placed in the malignant category, and benign neoplasms were placed in the benign/negative for malignancy category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional pathology database search identified patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic lesions from January 2015 to April 2022. The absolute risk of malignancy (ROM) was determined by histologic and/or clinical follow-up of at least 6 months, and overall survival rates were calculated across diagnostic categories, comparing the WHO and PSC systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1012 cases were reviewed and recategorized. The ROM for the WHO system was 8.3% for insufficient/inadequate/nondiagnostic, 3.2% for benign/negative for malignancy, 24.6% for atypical, 9.1% for PaN-Low, 46.7% for PaN-High, 75% for suspicious for malignancy, and 100% for malignant. Comparatively, the ROM for the PSC system was 7.4% for nondiagnostic, 3.0% for negative for malignancy, 23.1% for atypical, 0% for neoplastic, benign, 7.3% for neoplastic, other, 75% for suspicious for malignancy, and 100% for malignant. The WHO system demonstrated superior stratification for overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WHO system significantly improves the stratification of ROM and overall survival across diagnostic categories by introducing the PaN-Low and PaN-High categories and reassigning low-grade malignancies to the malignant category. Analyzing EUS-FNA samples with the WHO system provides critical insights for guiding clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Milan system atypia of undetermined significance: 5-year performance data.","authors":"Henri Lagerstam, Erkka Tommola, Saara Kares, Ivana Kholová","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22883","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the category atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) at the authors' institution based on the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All AUS cases diagnosed at Fimlab Laboratories between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, were included. Histologic verifications were checked until May 31, 2023. The upper-bound and lower-bound risk of malignancy and risk of neoplasm were calculated. The timelines between the pathology laboratory workflow and patient management were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1157 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs), 162 (14.0%) AUS cases were diagnosed in 146 patients, with an average ± standard deviation age of 66.1 ± 14.9 years. There was variation in the AUS percentages, with higher values during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic years (15% and 17.5% in 2020 and 2021, respectively). Seventy-five cases (46.3%) had histologic follow-up: 16 were malignant neoplasms, and 36 were benign neoplasms. The upper and the lower bounds of the-risk of malignancy and risk of neoplasm were 21.3% and 69.3% and 9.9% and 32.1%, respectively. The average time from the first FNA with an AUS diagnosis to surgical resection ranged from 6 to 682 days, and the time to the first repeat FNA ranged from 10 to 691 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicated higher percentages of AUS cases compared with the reference value, which may be attributed to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The risk of malignancy calculated in this study was closer to the reference value from the first edition of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology compared with the second edition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and scholarly mentoring: A guide for pathology faculty and program directors.","authors":"R Lane Coffee, Stephen John Cico","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22835","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Researchers confront a rising tide of cancer misinformation: A fledgling field of research has documented major harms from misinformation on cancer treatment and prevention and is weighing how physicians can best counter the bad advice.","authors":"Bryn Nelson, William Faquin","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of rapid on-site evaluation during bronchoscopy for lung cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis","authors":"Cheng-Chieh Chen, Shou-Cheng Lu, Yu-Kang Chang, Chyi-Huey Bai, Ke-Yu Hsiao, Kang-Yun Lee, Yuan-Hung Wang","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22908","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Screening high-risk populations for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to monitor patients suspected of having lung cancer after LDCT. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), although its diagnostic value remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, the authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE during bronchoscopy.","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification of ThyroSeq results in indeterminate thyroid lesions: A single-institution experience of clinicopathologic correlation with cytologic findings","authors":"Wen-Yu Hsiao, Nabil F. Saba, Daniel Lubin, Amy Chen, Qiuying Shi","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22905","url":null,"abstract":"ThyroSeq offers the opportunity to stratify the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the characterization of indeterminate thyroid nodules, especially those categorized as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). However, whether ThyroSeq interpretations correlate with cytologic features, management, and surgical outcome remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing our way through academia: Our journey as young faculty and book authors","authors":"Terrance James Lynn, Swikrity U. Baskota","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22902","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3&gt; Barriers to scholarly writing and publishing in academic medicine&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;A recent College of American Pathologists survey indicated that the demand for pathologists has grown and is strong, because nearly one half of all respondents were seeking to hire at least one pathologist over the past decade.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; As the shortage of pathologists and increasing workload continue to grow, finding the time and/or building the necessary scholarly writing skills in academia can be difficult. Previous researchers have identified several barriers to scholarly writing and publishing across various specialties in medicine.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Such barriers include inexperience in writing for scholarly publication, lack of confidence and writing-related anxiety, sensitivity to reviewers' feedback, and perceptions that publishing is optional but not required at their institution.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2, 3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; One way to reduce barriers is to encourage scholarly activity and publishing during medical school. A 2019 study reported that medical students who had published before graduation were more likely to publish more after graduation.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In addition, opportunities to publish during residency could occur with the right mentoring from faculty in graduate medical education training programs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;It is also very easy to get discouraged when a paper is returned with lengthy comments from reviewers. This is especially true for young faculty trying to prove their worth to their institution and to themselves. Imposter syndrome is a frequent experience and certainly can be exacerbated by reviewers' comments. On the flip side, knowing when to challenge certain comments/feedback from reviewers is a delicate process that requires couth diplomacy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt; Learning from the right mentor&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;As trainees and now young faculty members, both of us have been fortunate to have been mentored by some phenomenal mentors. These mentors demonstrated excellence through significant contributions to the field of cytopathology. There is something special about learning from the textbook that a mentor has written and having the opportunity to learn under that same individual. One &lt;i&gt;critical value&lt;/i&gt; in a mentor is their ability to provide honest, timely, and constructive feedback. This feedback opens the door to building the mentee–mentor relationship. In addition to this, a mentor should be committed to the trainee and guide them through the process. In many ways, we were lucky because our mentors also afforded us the opportunity to co-author several articles with them during our time as trainees and even afterward. Another &lt;i&gt;critical value&lt;/i&gt; of a mentor is the willingness to push the mentee to more ambitious goals. Without this added push, it is often difficult to grow into what you as a mentee are capable of.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;h3&gt; Writing an article versus writing a textbook&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;A first and easy step to authorship is to start from writing","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 expression in breast and nonbreast metastases from Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreatic primary tumors by immunohistochemistry with cytology cell block specimens","authors":"Deepak Donthi, Qiong Gan, Qing Qing Ding, Savitri Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22901","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTrichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1) expression in primary breast and other solid tumors has been investigated but its role as a marker in metastatic tumors is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 as a breast cancer immunomarker in metastatic tumors that originated from breast, Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal (GI), and pancreatic primary tumors with cell blocks from fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens.MethodsCell blocks were immunostained with anti‐TRPS1 monoclonal antibody (clone EPR16171). Histochemical scores (H scores) (proportion × intensity; range, 0–300) were assigned; H scores of ≥10 were considered positive. Overall, 160 specimens were examined, including 127 FNAs (35 breast, 25 Müllerian, 36 lung, and 31 GI and pancreatic carcinomas) and 33 effusion specimens (18 breast, 12 Müllerian, one lung, and two GI carcinomas).ResultsTRPS1 was positive in 51 of 53 (96%) metastatic breast carcinomas and in 28 of 107 (26.2%) nonbreast metastatic tumors. Metastatic breast carcinoma showed the highest mean H score of 247.35, compared to 45.36 in Müllerian, 8.4 in lung, and 5.88 in GI tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 for identifying a breast origin in metastatic tumors was 96.22% and 72.89%, respectively.ConclusionsDespite high overall sensitivity, TRPS1 showed lower specificity as a breast immunomarker because of its expression in nonbreast tumors. The mean H score in nonbreast tumors was significantly lower than in metastatic breast tumors. It is important to recognize the broad range of expression of TRPS1 in metastatic breast and nonbreast tumors to avoid an incorrect determination of a metastatic tumor’s organ of origin.","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}