Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Low-grade oncocytoid neoplasm in the Milan system: Tips for the diagnosis of Warthin tumor and other differential diagnostic considerations","authors":"Esther Diana Rossi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Christopher C. Griffith MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current review article deals with the evaluation of the oncocytic/oncocytoid lesions in the salivary gland. The authors will focus on the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (WT) as a launching point to detail important morphologic findings that should prompt designation of an aspirate as oncocytic salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential or other Milan categories. Oncocytic cells are defined as cells with a moderate to abundant amount of eosinophilic finely granular cytoplasm, round-to-oval nuclei, and large-distinct nucleoli. In contrast, the term oncocytoid is also frequently used in this discussion and indicates tumor cells with similarly abundant and sometimes granular cytoplasm but lacking all the definitive features of a true oncocyte. Several helpful tips are provided in hopes of improving an accurate diagnosis of WT on an aspirate sample. Using these types allows for consideration of important differential diagnoses, including both benign and malignant entities, when faced with an oncocytic salivary gland neoplasm. The morphological criteria as well as the possible application of ancillary techniques are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight: Rising stars in cytology","authors":"Tong Sun MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New urgency for answers on the health impacts of microplastics","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70035","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every day, adult men in the United States may be eating or breathing in more than 300 bits of plastic, according to a recent estimate.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; For women, the tally exceeds more than 250 bits. Every year, we are being exposed to tens of thousands of tiny plastic pieces—and until recently, scientists had little idea of the potential consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Our exposure is fairly total,” says Megan Wolff, PhD, MPH, executive director of the Physician and Scientist Network Addressing Plastics and Health in New Paltz, New York. “We know that microplastics are in the air, the water, the soil, the food, and pretty much everywhere that we look inside the human body, we find them.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to current trends, plastic production is doubling by volume every 14 years and creating vast new opportunities for plastics to break into ever-smaller pieces. Microplastics, typically defined as plastics measuring less than 5 mm in at least one dimension, can subsequently break down into nanoplastics, which measure less than 1 µm in size. At that scale, the tiny particles can be swept through the air with other particulate matter such as soot and can travel through blood vessels and infiltrate human cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because plastics are ubiquitous in consumer products and because we spend most of our time indoors in close proximity to them and their breakdown products in concentrated sources such as household dust, Dr Wolff says that humans have far more exposure than the rest of the animal kingdom. Although many of the smallest bits have evaded traditional detection methods, she adds, every improvement in the technology is revealing more of them. The research is still early, but the danger signs are mounting quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So far, the overall evidence of potential harm has been limited mainly to in vitro and animal studies; even so, the existing studies have pointed to multiple areas of concern. Tracey Woodruff, PhD, MPH, director of the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco, recently helped to draft a review of the effects of microplastic exposure on the human respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Her team’s review included 28 animal studies and three human observational studies published between 2018 and 2024; roughly three fourths of those studies were conducted in China, whereas none were conducted in the United States. “The United States has actually been very slow to invest in this health-related research,” Dr Woodruff notes. The overview, requested by the state of California and subsequently published as a rapid systematic review, concluded that microplastics have a “suspected” role in harming human reproductive, digestive, and respiratory health and a suggested role in increasing the risk of colon and lung cancer.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The heightened cancer risk, the review suggested, could be mediated through mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary cytology: Pearls and pitfalls of non-neoplastic mimics of lung cancer","authors":"Ramon Robledano MD,&nbsp;Allan Argueta MD,&nbsp;Tania Labiano MD,&nbsp;María D. Lozano MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with cytologic samples often serving as the primary diagnostic tool. However, differentiating between benign and malignant processes in lung cytology can be difficult because various non-neoplastic conditions closely resemble malignant lesions, which may lead to misdiagnosis. This review offers nine essential tips to help cytopathologists prevent false-positive diagnoses of malignancy in non-neoplastic processes. By examining common non-neoplastic entities that can mimic lung malignancies, this review emphasizes their key cytomorphologic features and distinguishing characteristics. The authors stress the importance of a thorough clinical and radiologic context, slide background evaluation, and identification of cytomorphologic features for an accurate diagnosis of these mimics. The objective of this review was to enhance diagnostic accuracy and prevent misdiagnosis, thereby improving patient management in lung cancer cytopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of whole-slide imaging for rapid evaluation of thyroid FNA: A multireader prospective study","authors":"Mohammed S. Ahmed MD,&nbsp;Dianna Klippel-Almaraz MS,&nbsp;Sara E. Amin MD,&nbsp;Gloria H. Sura MD,&nbsp;Uma Rani Kundu MD,&nbsp;Wendong Yu MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jogn M. Stewart MD, PhD,&nbsp;Qiong Gan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Savitri Krishnamurthy MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) improves diagnostic adequacy and facilitates ancillary molecular testing. In this prospective, multireader study, the authors evaluated the feasibility of using whole-slide images (WSIs) for ROSE to determine specimen adequacy and preliminary categorization (according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology [Bethesda]) of image-guided thyroid FNABs compared with conventional light-microscopic (LM) examination of the same specimens in a referral cancer center.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors evaluated 98 ultrasound-guided thyroid FNAB cases. Smears were stained with Papanicolaou and Diff-Quik and were scanned at ×20 magnification using a Leica Aperio CS2 scanner. Five cytopathologists evaluated specimen adequacy and Bethesda categorization using WSI followed by LM assessment after a 2-week washout. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were calculated using Cohen and Fleiss kappa (κ) statistics. Scan time, interpretation time, and the need for ×40 magnification or z stacking were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 463 slides were scanned, with mean scan time of 5.48 minutes. WSI quality was acceptable in most cases. Z stacking and ×40 magnification were requested in 23% and 14% of reviews, respectively. Intrareader agreement between WSI and LM examination was excellent (κ = 0.86–0.95). Inter-reader agreement was moderate for both WSI (κ = 0.48) and LM examination (κ = 0.56). Concordance was highest for Bethesda categories I and VI and lowest for categories III–V. Interpretation with WSI took significantly longer than with LM examination (<i>p</i> &lt; .0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WSI is a feasible alternative to LM examination for ROSE of thyroid FNABs, with high intrareader agreement and comparable inter-reader agreement. The limited need for high magnification and z stacking supports its practical utility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlight: Rising stars in cytology","authors":"Margaret Compton MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the World Health Organization Reporting System for Head and Neck Cytopathology and the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology","authors":"Adam Kowalewski MD, PhD, MIAC,&nbsp;Jędrzej Borowczak MD, PhD,&nbsp;Olivier Choussy MD,&nbsp;Maria Lesnik MD,&nbsp;Nathalie Badois MD,&nbsp;Jerzy Klijanienko MD, PhD, MIAC","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comparative analysis of the International Academy of Cytology–International Agency for Research on Cancer–World Health Organization Reporting System for Head and Neck Cytopathology (WHO) and the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2218 salivary gland fine-needle aspiration samples collected at the Institut Curie, Paris (1954–2022) were evaluated, with 1356 having histological follow-up. Samples were classified according to the MSRSGC (nondiagnostic [ND], nonneoplastic [NN], atypia of undetermined significance [AUS], benign neoplasm [BN], salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential [SUMP], suspicious for malignancy [SM], and malignant [M]) and the WHO system (insufficient/inadequate/nondiagnostic, benign, atypical, neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential [NUMP], suspicious for malignancy [SM], and malignant [M]). The risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each category, and diagnostic performance metrics were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the MSRSGC, the ROM was ND, 50% (<i>n</i> = 2); NN, 16.8% (<i>n</i> = 149); AUS (no cases); BN, 4.3% (<i>n</i> = 514); SUMP, 50% (<i>n</i> = 2); SM, 56.1% (<i>n</i> = 66); and M, 98.2% (<i>n</i> = 623). In the WHO system, the ROM was insufficient/inadequate/nondiagnostic, 50% (<i>n</i> = 2); benign, 7.1% (<i>n</i> = 663); atypical (no cases); NUMP, 50% (<i>n</i> = 2); SM, 56.1% (<i>n</i> = 66); and M, 98.2% (<i>n</i> = 623). The WHO’s “benign” category, which combines NN and BN, balanced the NN’s higher ROM (16.8%) and BN’s lower ROM (4.3%) into 7.1%. Excluding the ND and SUMP/NUMP categories, both systems demonstrated high diagnostic performance: sensitivity, 93.3%; specificity, 93.9%; positive predictive value, 94.2%; and negative predictive value, 92.9%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both systems effectively identify malignancy. The WHO system’s merger of NN and BN into the benign category streamlines reporting and reduces variability, although it may mask clinically significant differences between nonneoplastic and benign neoplastic lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of next-generation sequencing in metastatic prostate cancer FNA biopsies","authors":"Deepika Sirohi MD,&nbsp;Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding MD, PhD,&nbsp;Bradley A. Stohr MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ronald Balassanian MD,&nbsp;Poonam Vohra MD,&nbsp;Rahul Aggarwal MD,&nbsp;Emily Chan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Nancy Y. Greenland MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines state that patients with metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) should undergo germline and somatic DNA sequencing. The authors examined the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies in which NGS was performed on cell block (CB) and/or smears.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review was performed of cytology cases with diagnosis of MPC either before and/or after NGS on FNA material. Clinical and NGS data were obtained from the medical record. Androgen receptor, NKX3.1, INSM1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, Rb, PTEN, and Ki67 immunohistochemical stains were performed on CB if not originally done.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Slides and NGS data were available for 46 MPC FNA biopsies from 45 patients from 2015 to 2024. Metastatic sites included 20 lymph node, 12 liver, five lung, four soft tissue, two pleura, two bone, and one adrenal gland. Ten patients (22%) had change or potential change in therapy based on NGS results. For one patient with poorly differentiated carcinoma previously thought to be urothelial, a <i>TMPRSS2:ERG</i> fusion confirmed prostatic origin. NGS confirmed lung origin for one patient diagnosed initially as metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. For one patient, NGS demonstrated <i>TP53</i> and <i>RB1</i> mutations, supporting transformation to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Change or potential change in therapy was planned for two patients with <i>CDK12</i> mutations, one with <i>IDH1</i> mutation, three with <i>BRCA2</i> mutations, and one with <i>PTEN</i> and <i>TP53</i> mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NGS on cytology material showed diagnostic and therapeutic utility in a subset of patients, with 10 of 46 patients (22%) having a change or potential in therapy based on NGS results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Milan and IAC–IARC–WHO Systems in diagnosing soft tissue and bone tumors of the salivary glands: The Institut Curie experience","authors":"Adam Kowalewski MD, PhD, MIAC,&nbsp;Jędrzej Borowczak MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hervé J. Brisse MD, PhD,&nbsp;Olivier Choussy MD,&nbsp;Jerzy Klijanienko MD, PhD, MIAC","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soft tissue and bone tumors of the salivary gland were compared using classic 4-tier, Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), and the International Academy of Cytology-International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization (IAC–IARC–WHO) Reporting System for Soft Tissue Cytopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors retrospectively analyzed 2219 salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples collected at the Institut Curie in Paris between 1954 and 2022. A total of 86 cases (3.9%) were identified as soft tissue and bone tumors, with histological follow-up in 63 cases (73%). Cytology was classified according to the classic European 4-tier system, the MSRSGC, and the IAC–IARC–WHO System.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the MSRSGC, eight cases were classified as nonneoplastic, 30 as benign, one as salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, five as suspicious for malignancy, and 42 as malignant. Benign or malignant nature was accurately assessed in 78 cases (90.7%), with exact histologic-cytologic concordance in 51 cases (59.3%). FNA correctly identified 42 of 44 malignant tumors (95.5%), with exact diagnostic matches in 30 cases (68.2%). The MSRSGC achieved 88.3% overall accuracy, 93.6% sensitivity, and 82.7% specificity. Risk of malignancy (ROM) was comparable for malignant tumors across the classic European system, the MSRSGC, and the IAC–IARC–WHO System, with minor discrepancies observed in benign and indeterminate categories. No cases were assigned as nondiagnostic, atypia of undetermined significance, atypical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite their rarity, soft tissue and bone tumors of the salivary gland can be effectively diagnosed using the MSRSGC, with a high accuracy achieved for malignant cases. Minor discrepancies in ROMs were observed between specific categories of the classic European system, the MSRSGC, and the IAC–IARC–WHO System.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the mysterious surge in early-onset colorectal cancers","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The change began slowly. In the 1990s, colorectal cancer rates started creeping up by a few percentage points every year in adults who often were told they were too young to have cancer. At the same time, the incidence decreased markedly in those over the age of 55 years. Researchers noticed the diverging trends but were unable to determine why they continued year after year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By 2019, epidemiological data revealed that the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer had risen by an alarming 63% in less than 3 decades.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Although the mystery behind its increase remains, several large research projects are digging into a wide range of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors to determine what may have changed in the 1950s or 1960s to cause the persistent and worrisome uptick.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“The short answer is we don’t know what’s causing it,” says Robin Mendelsohn, MD, clinical director of the Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. “Obviously we want to figure this out, but we also want people to be taken care of promptly because the earlier cancer’s detected, the better the prognosis and treatment.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In March 2018, Memorial Sloan Kettering opened its Center for Young Onset Colorectal Cancer to focus on patients who are diagnosed before they turn 50 years old. In January 2021, because of growing demand, the center was expanded to include all gastrointestinal cancers. “We’ve unfortunately been busy,” says Dr Mendelsohn, codirector of what is now called the Center for Young Onset Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Cancer. Although the number of early-onset cancers is highest in the 40- to 49-year-old age group, she notes, the biggest increase in incidence has been in the 20- to 29-year-old group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To date, the center has seen more than 5500 patients, including nearly 3800 with colorectal cancer. Beyond providing coordinated care to patients who often have far different needs than older patients, Dr Mendelsohn says that the center has become a significant source of studies into why their risk has increased. All patients receive a lengthy questionnaire that asks about their history of medications, exposures, and habits to help to answer what might have shifted over the past 70 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similar detective work has been launched by the new Colorectal Cancer Pooling Project (C2P2), which is also aiming to understand the potential role of a long list of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Peter Campbell, PhD, a project leader and a professor of epidemiology and population health at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that the logical starting point was a list of 12 known risk factors linked to regular-onset colorectal cancer, including physical inactivity; cigarette smoking; alcohol use; antibiotic use; eating red or processed meat; and eating low levels of fiber, fruits and vegetables, or calcium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In puzzling over what exp","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}