Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence as an aid in interpreting thyroid FNA cytopathological images: Are we there yet?","authors":"Mauro Saieg MD, PhD, Pedro Piovesan Lago MD, Marc Philippe Pusztaszeri MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) have rapidly entered the public and professional spotlight, raising important questions for fields like pathology for which human expertise has traditionally been indispensable.<span><sup>1</sup></span> Among these platforms, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has attracted attention not only for its ability to generate fluent text but also, more recently, for its multimodal capability to process and interpret images.<span><sup>2</sup></span> It has been widely used for all purposes, from answering everyday trivial questions to even providing mental health support.<span><sup>3</sup></span> In cytopathology, where diagnostic judgment relies on a delicate balance of morphologic recognition, clinical context, and interpretive nuance, the idea that an AI could serve as an interpretive partner is both exciting and unsettling.</p><p>Most current AI efforts in pathology focus on computer vision systems, typically convolutional neural networks trained on large data sets of whole-slide images. These models excel at pattern recognition in highly standardized settings but are often rigid and task-specific.<span><sup>4</sup></span> By contrast, LLMs offer something novel: not only can they describe observed features, but they also attempt to synthesize them into a structured interpretation that mirrors how a human expert reasons. This duality has led to increasing exploration of their utility in medical image analysis, including radiologic, cytologic, and histologic images.<span><sup>5-9</sup></span> Yet, as emphasized by Pantanowitz and colleagues,<span><sup>10</sup></span> enthusiasm must be tempered by awareness of risks, including hallucinations, lack of validation, outdated knowledge, and ethical challenges such as sharing of data privacy into commercially available platforms without being compliant with laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).</p><p>Thinking there might be a high potential from LLMs platforms to actually help us in everyday morphology recognition tasks, we tested an anecdotal modest experiment using 20 pairs of static thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) images from the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Atlas. Those images corresponded to a mix of benign and malignant examples, uploaded together with a copy of the latest version of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. We then asked ChatGPT-5 to assign a morphologic diagnosis for these images, as well as a Bethesda category and a brief description of the morphologic characteristics that lead to its diagnostic conclusion (Figure 1).<span><sup>11</sup></span> No metadata, such as patient's clinical information or nodules’ TI-RADS score, was provided in the prompt. If it answered with the same diagnosis and Bethesda classification of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Atlas, it was deemed correct. If either the diagnosis or classific","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical implications of the World Health Organization Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology: Categories and ancillary testing for subtyping of hematolymphoid tumors on FNA biopsy cytopathology using a pattern-based approach","authors":"Mats Ehinger MD, PhD,&nbsp;Maria Calaminici MD, PhD,&nbsp;Immacolata Cozzolino MD, PhD,&nbsp;Pio Zeppa MD, PhD,&nbsp;Andrew S. Field MB, BS(Hons), FRCPA","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the recently published <i>World Health Organization Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology</i> (WHO system) is to standardize the diagnostic approach to fine-needle aspiration biopsies of hematolymphoid tissues. By categorizing specimens into five diagnostic groups—inadequate/insufficient/nondiagnostic, benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant—the system provides a structured framework that enhances diagnostic clarity and facilitates communication between cytopathologists and clinicians. Each category is associated with a defined risk of malignancy, supporting informed clinical decision making regarding further diagnostic workup. Accurate categorization requires the integration of cytomorphologic features and clinical context, and final and specific diagnoses often require ancillary techniques such as flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and molecular diagnostics. To assist cytopathologists, especially those less familiar with hematolymphoid neoplasms, the WHO system incorporates a pattern-based diagnostic approach. Four cytopathologic patterns—mixed lymphoid cell; predominantly small/intermediate cell; predominantly large/pleomorphic/blastic cell; and single, very large, atypical cell—serve as guides to narrow down differential diagnoses. However, interpretation can be challenging because of overlapping features, variable inflammatory backgrounds, and limited sample material. This review provides a brief overview of the WHO system and its application to hematolymphoid proliferations, emphasizing the importance of clinical correlation and the use of relevant ancillary techniques. It then provides in-depth discussion of the pattern-based approach to diagnosing hematolymphoid neoplasms on cytopathology. It highlights the strengths and limitations of cytopathologic evaluation in hematolymphoid neoplasms and provides practical insights for applying the WHO system in routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluation of malignancy risk in nondiagnostic thyroid nodules with long-term follow-up via surgical resection or core needle biopsy: A retrospective study","authors":"Ji-Seon Jeong MD, PhD,&nbsp;Young Jun Choi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jeong Hyun Lee MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jung Hwan Baek MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yu-Mi Lee MD, PhD,&nbsp;Tae-Yon Sung MD, PhD,&nbsp;Dong Eun Song MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of various thyroid nodules often yields nondiagnostic results, which reveal a wide range of the risk of malignancy (ROM) and complicate patient management decisions. This ROM variability likely reflects selection bias, given that previous studies frequently excluded patients without histologic follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study included 1269 patients with nondiagnostic thyroid nodules from a total of 10,337 patients who underwent FNA at Asan Medical Center. The ROM was determined on the basis of pathologic findings after core needle biopsy (CNB) or resection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median follow-up period after the initial FNA was 14.14 months (range, 0.03–145.81 months). Histologic follow-up was available for 361 patients (28.4%), with 49 patients (13.6%) having only surgical resection specimens, 252 patients (69.8%) having only CNB specimens, and 60 patients (16.6%) having both resection and CNB specimens. Sixty-four patients were diagnosed with malignancy on the basis of CNB or surgical resection. The ROM in this cohort ranged from 5.0% to 17.7%. The upper limit of the ROM (13.2%) at the 12-month follow-up in this study was the same as the mean ROM (13%) suggested in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology as updated in 2023. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that younger age (<i>p</i> = .013), spiculated margins (<i>p</i> = .010), and hypoechogenicity (<i>p</i> = .001) were independently associated with malignancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to reduce the overestimated upper limit of the ROM in nondiagnostic thyroid nodules, which was previously based solely on rare surgical follow-up results. Using CNB as an ancillary diagnostic tool can help to rapidly characterize initially nondiagnostic thyroid nodules and guide appropriate management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-needle aspiration cytology reduces the frequency of surgeries for malignant salivary gland tumors","authors":"Marcel Mayer MD,&nbsp;Sofia Kourou MD,&nbsp;Marwan Alfarra MD,&nbsp;Charlotte Laatz,&nbsp;Kevin Hansen MD,&nbsp;Julia Esser MD,&nbsp;Hans Nikolaus Caspar Eckel MD,&nbsp;Kathrin Möllenhoff MD,&nbsp;Lena Hieggelke MD,&nbsp;Marianne Engels MD,&nbsp;Christoph Arolt MD,&nbsp;Alexander Quaas MD,&nbsp;Philipp Wolber MD,&nbsp;Louis Jansen MD,&nbsp;Lisa Nachtsheim MD,&nbsp;Jens Peter Klussmann MD,&nbsp;Sami Shabli MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salivary gland tumors are rare and heterogeneous head and neck neoplasms. Preoperative distinction between benign and malignant lesions is challenging because imaging is often insufficient. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides standardized risk stratification and diagnostic guidance; however, its influence on surgical frequency remains insufficiently characterized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective single-center study included patients with histologically confirmed malignant tumors within the major salivary glands with preoperative FNAC and surgery. The association between MSRSGC category and number of surgeries was evaluated using χ² tests and multivariate Poisson regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 157 patients were included. Those with high-to-intermediate-risk MSRSGC categories (two surgeries: 22.3% vs. one surgery: 77.7%) required significantly fewer surgeries than those with low-risk/nondiagnostic FNAC (two surgeries: 54.2%/53.3% vs. one surgery: 45.8%/46.7%, <i>p</i> &lt; .001). A high-to-intermediate risk compared to a nondiagnostic FNAC results was an independent predictor for fewer surgeries in multivariate analysis (incidence rate ratio, 0.875; 95% confidence interval, 0.773–0.990; <i>p</i> = .034). True–positive results were most frequent in squamous cell carcinoma, whereas acinic cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas were often misclassified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of the MSRSGC enables reliable preoperative risk stratification of malignant salivary gland tumors. High-to-intermediate-risk categories (Milan III/IVb/V/VI) were associated with a lower likelihood of multiple surgeries. True–positive FNAC results were most frequent in squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, whereas acinic cell, mucoepidermoid, and salivary duct carcinomas were prone to misclassification. Structured FNAC reporting improves diagnostic accuracy and informs personalized surgical planning, reducing interventions and optimizing management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of malignancy of cytologic categories and post-biopsy clinical management of renal oncocytic neoplasms","authors":"Xiaoqi Lin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renal mass biopsy (RMB) cytology is increasingly used for the pretreatment evaluation of renal masses. Cytopathologic classification of RMB specimens facilitates communication with clinicians and provides valuable risk stratification to guide management decisions. This study evaluated the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with RMB cytology in renal oncocytic neoplasms (ONs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The renal neoplasms with oncocytic features were reclassified per the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors. RMB cases were assigned to six diagnostic categories: 1) nondiagnostic (ND), 2) benign, 3) low risk oncocytic neoplasm (LRON), 4) atypical, 5) suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 6) malignant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 198 RMB cases with oncocytic features were identified, comprising oncocytoma (111 [56%]), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (55 [28%]), LRON (10 [5%]), hybrid oncocytic neoplasm (8 [4%]), low-grade oncocytic tumor (7 [4%]), papillary RCC (6 [3%]), and eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (1 [1%]). The overall ROM for ONs was 35%. ROMs by category were ND (29%), benign (2%), LRON (30%), atypical (100%), SFM (50%), and malignant (100%). Post-RMB resection was more frequently used for malignant (36 of 57 [63%]), SFM (1 of 2 [50%]), and ND (4 of 7 [57%]), whereas active surveillance was more frequently employed for benign ON (100 of 111 [90%]) and LRON (12 of 20 [60%]). Cryoablation was used in 9% (18 of 198) of ONs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study defines ROMs across cytologic categories of ONs to stratify the risks and underscores the valuable role of RMB. These findings provide a framework for clinicians to make informed decisions based on cytologic classification and associated ROM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular profiling of thyroid nodules on cytologic samples: Findings from an Italian multi-institutional cohort","authors":"Vincenzo Fiorentino MD,&nbsp;Walter Giordano MSc,&nbsp;Cristina Pizzimenti MD, PhD,&nbsp;Valeria Zuccalà MD, PhD,&nbsp;Antonio Ieni MD, PhD,&nbsp;Clelia Molinario MSc,&nbsp;Salvatore Cannavò MD,&nbsp;Alfredo Campennì MD,&nbsp;Pietro Tralongo MD,&nbsp;Maurizio Martini MD, PhD,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giuffrè MD,&nbsp;Luigi Maria Larocca MD,&nbsp;Guido Fadda MD,&nbsp;Esther Diana Rossi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Molecular testing is increasingly used to improve preoperative risk assessment of thyroid nodules, especially those with indeterminate cytology. This study evaluated the performance of the Myriapod next-generation sequencing (NGS) DNA-only cancer panel in fine-needle aspiration cytology thyroid samples, correlating findings with postsurgical diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was performed on fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from 74 thyroid nodules in the TIR3A, TIR3B, TIR4, and TIR5 categories according to the Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology. DNA from these samples, obtained from residual liquid-based cytology material, was analyzed with the Myriapod NGS panel, targeting 16 genes implicated in thyroid cancer. All patients underwent surgery, allowing for histopathologic correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The residual liquid-based cytology material yielded adequate DNA for molecular testing in 89.2% of the nodules. All TIR3A (low-risk intermediate) nodules were histologically benign, whereas 50% of TIR3B (high-risk intermediate) nodules were malignant; mutations were identified only in the malignant nodules. In the TIR4 category (suspicious for malignancy), <i>BRAF</i> V600E was the most frequent mutation in malignant nodules. Both TIR5 (malignant) nodules were papillary thyroid carcinomas with a <i>BRAF</i> V600E mutation. The molecular test demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, 91.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for samples that were adequate for molecular testing. An intention-to-diagnose analysis that included samples inadequate for molecular testing was also performed, yielding 84.6% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, 91.7% positive predictive value, and 84% negative predictive value.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Myriapod NGS panel aids in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. Its high negative predictive value may help avoid unnecessary surgery, whereas the detection of specific mutations strongly correlates with malignancy, thus informing surgical planning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145719378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new push to revive transperineal prostate biopsies","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70059","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Every year in the United States, physicians perform approximately 1 million prostate biopsies designed to detect the most common malignancy in men after skin cancer. Biomedical researchers have long sought a biopsy technique that offers the ideal but elusive combination of a highly accurate prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal discomfort and a low risk of complications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the 1980s, the technique of choice has been a transrectal approach with ultrasound guidance; a more recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–ultrasound fusion has improved the technique by combining an MRI scan with real-time ultrasound imaging. Even so, questions have persisted about the method’s accuracy, while patients remain at risk for infections and sepsis even with a standard course of prophylactic antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past few years, a transperineal approach that instead samples prostate tissue through the skin of the perineum between the scrotum and the anus has reemerged as a biopsy alternative. Ironically, transperineal biopsy was the method of choice in the 1920s, in large part because of physicians’ concerns that fecal contamination rendered the transrectal approach unsafe.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The arrival of ultrasound and antibiotics and the ease and convenience of the transrectal approach reversed the trend. Several recent studies, however, have added new data on infection rates and accuracy that advocates argue should prompt a reestablishment of transperineal biopsies as the field’s gold standard. The case for change, however, has been clouded by mixed results and caveats that suggest prostate biopsies still have plenty of rough edges to refine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In part because of concerns over an uptick in post–transrectal biopsy infection rates and the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, European medical guidelines now favor transperineal biopsies. Physicians in the United States have proceeded more cautiously. Jim Hu, MD, a professor of urologic oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, estimates that the latter technique accounts for only 10% of all prostate biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Hu was the principal investigator of a randomized clinical trial dubbed PREVENT that he hopes will add momentum to the shift toward a transperineal approach. The study, published in September 2024, reported no infections among 382 men undergoing an in-office transperineal biopsy but six infections among 370 men undergoing an in-office transrectal biopsy (for an infection rate of 1.6%).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because transperineal biopsy is a percutaneous procedure, patients in that arm received a local anesthetic to numb the skin but no prophylactic antibiotics. “With the transrectal biopsy, we used targeted prophylaxis, which is the most rigorous form of prophylaxis,” Dr Hu says.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most trials use augmented prophylaxis, in which patients receive one or more antibiotics added to a fluoroquinolone-based regimen. “We actually did a rectal culture","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145653611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving standards in salivary gland cytopathology: The Milan and World Health Organization reporting systems","authors":"Marc P. Pusztaszeri MD,&nbsp;Zubair W. Baloch MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145585834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The feasibility of low-cost portable microscopes as an alternative to standard microscopes for rapid on-site evaluation of FNA","authors":"Mishaal Gardezi BS,&nbsp;Mahtab Fakhari MD,&nbsp;Diane Libert MD,&nbsp;Ronit Dey BS,&nbsp;Theodore Phan,&nbsp;Traci Shiu BS,&nbsp;Adebola M. Adeniyi MD,&nbsp;Cheyenne Martin BS,&nbsp;Breeana Snowball BS, MS,&nbsp;Alarice C. Lowe MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high cost of professional-quality microscopes for pathology labs can create a barrier to the availability of diagnostic services, especially in resource-constrained settings. Low-cost portable microscopes (LCPMs) are popular for recreational use and widely available. To our knowledge, they have not been evaluated for use in rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). The aim of this study was to identify which LCPMs have the potential for clinical use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this investigation, five LCPMs were evaluated by 18 pathology professionals to determine the adequacy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy readings using patient-generated material. Participants were surveyed to systematically assess preferred and undesirable characteristics of LCPMs and to provide feedback on their use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most expressed that though LCPMs were not a comparable replacement for standard microscopes, they were a better option than nothing and could be helpful in instances with highly cellular and relatively flat slide preparations. Most participants believed that LCPMs could be used for ROSE in resource-limited environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pathology professional evaluated LCPMs on simulated fine-needle aspiration biopsy smear slides. The feedback they provided in this study suggests that LCPMs may be a feasible alternative to standard microscopes for ROSE in resource-limited settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145548500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cytological preparation techniques on RNA quality: A comparative study on smear samples","authors":"Cisel Aydin Mericoz MD,&nbsp;Gulsum Caylak,&nbsp;Elif Sevin Sanioglu,&nbsp;Zeynep Seçil Satilmis BA,&nbsp;Ayse Humeyra Dur Karasayar MD, MSc,&nbsp;Ibrahim Kulac MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-quality RNA is essential for accurate molecular testing. This study evaluates the impact of cytological preparation techniques (May–Grünwald–Giemsa [MGG], Papanicolaou [PAP], Diff-Quik, and air-dried) on RNA quality in smear slides.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 182 smears were prepared from fresh surgical specimens of 26 patients using seven different techniques. RNA was isolated, reverse-transcribed, and analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RNA quality was assessed using ΔCt (ΔCt = 45 – Ct, cycle threshold), where higher ΔCt indicates better RNA quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RNA quality, measured by ΔCt, showed clear differences (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) in-between preparation methods, whereas RNA concentration did not differ significantly among smear types (<i>p</i> = .07). MGG-stained smears (both film- and coverslip-mounted) demonstrated the highest and most consistent ΔCt values. PAP-stained smears yielded the lowest ΔCt values, indicating the poorest RNA quality. Air-dried unstained smears showed highly variable ΔCt values and frequent amplification failures. Diff-Quik preparations had intermediate performance. Mounting method (film vs. coverslip) did not significantly affect RNA quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among cytology smear techniques, MGG provided the best RNA preservation, PAP the worst, and air-dried slides yielded inconsistent results. These findings highlight the critical role of smear preparation in preserving RNA for molecular testing, especially RNA-based next-generation sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}