Cancer Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of HPV infection: Cotesting and HPV genotyping in cervical cancer screening within a large academic health care system","authors":"Frances Xiuyan Feng MD, PhD,&nbsp;George G. Birdsong MD,&nbsp;Jane Wei MPH,&nbsp;Melad N. Dababneh MBBS,&nbsp;Michelle D. Reid MD, MS,&nbsp;Michael Hoskins BS, CT(ASCP),&nbsp;Qun Wang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22916","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2019, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology introduced fundamental shifts toward “risk-based” guidelines, with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping as a principal test for investigating squamous intraepithelial lesions. This study aims to provide practice-based evidence and supplement the updated guidelines by investigating HPV demographic distribution and uncovering the pathological features of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) caused by high-risk HPV (hrHPV) subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients who underwent Papanicolaou screening and HPV testing in two hospital systems over the course of 4 years were recruited. The cytology results were categorized on the basis of the 2014 Bethesda classification. DNA sequences of 14 types of hrHPV were detected by Aptima test. The histological features of HSILs caused by different subtypes were compared between biopsies and excisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 63,709 cases were included. The HPV prevalence was 14.70%, predominantly in the 30 to 39-year-old age group, with slightly higher rates observed in African Americans. There was no significant racial distribution difference between HPV 16/18/45 and other types. HPV 16/18/45 infection was directly correlated with the severity of abnormal cytology, although the other subtypes were the major causes of cytological abnormalities. The trend for HPV prevalence was consistent across calendar years, and was associated with 8.77% negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, 30.46% atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance, 64.62% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 66.75% atypical squamous cell-cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 91.80% HSIL. Furthermore, 29.09% of HSILs associated with other subtypes were not detectable on subsequent resections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the HPV demographic distribution and the histological features of HSILs caused by different subtypes, cotesting with reflex HPV genotyping in specific populations, or expanding the subtypes in the primary HPV screening test, should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the sensitivity of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Pap diagnosis and interobserver variability with the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System","authors":"Lakshmi Harinath MD, MPH,&nbsp;Esther Elishaev MD,&nbsp;Yuhong Ye MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jonee Matsko SCT, MB,&nbsp;Amy Colaizzi SCT,&nbsp;Stephanie Wharton SCT,&nbsp;Rohit Bhargava MD,&nbsp;Liron Pantanowitz MD, PhD, MHA,&nbsp;Chengquan Zhao MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22918","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22918","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial intelligence (AI)–based systems are transforming cytopathology practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Papanicolaou (Pap) diagnosis assisted by the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System (GDDS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A validation study was performed with 890 ThinPrep Pap tests with the GDDS independently. From this set, a subset of 183 cases originally interpreted as HSIL confirmed histologically were included in this study. The sensitivity for detecting HSIL by three cytopathologists was calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most HSIL cases were classified as atypical glandular cell/atypical squamous cell–high grade not excluded (AGC/ASC-H) and above by all cytopathologists. Of these cases, 11.5% were classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) by pathologist A (P-A), 6% by pathologist B (P-B), and 5.5% by pathologist C (P-C); 3.8%, 2.7%, and 1.6% of these cases were classified as atypical squamous cell of unknown significance (ASC-US) by P-A, P-B, and P-C, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and above (CIN2+) lesions was 100% if ASC-US and above (ASC-US+) abnormalities were counted among all three pathologists. The sensitivity for detection of CIN2+ lesions was 84.7%, 91.3%, and 92.9% by P-A, P-B, and P-C, respectively, for ASC-H and above abnormalities. The Kendall W coefficient was 0.722, which indicated strong agreement between all pathologists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New-generation AI-assisted Pap test screening systems such as the GDDS have the potential to transform cytology practice. In this study, the GDDS aided in interpreting HSIL in ThinPrep Pap tests, with good sensitivity and agreement between the pathologists who interacted with this system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-aiding elements begin illuminating the genome’s “dark matter”","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22917","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22917","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;When researchers set out to identify every protein-encoding gene in the human genome, initial estimates suggested that they might find up to 100,000. In reality, scientists have uncovered fewer than 20,000, which account for only 2% of the 3.1 billion letters of DNA.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The remaining 98% has been referred to as “junk DNA” or “dark matter,” which reflects the once-common assumption that it was little more than genomic filler. An estimated 14,000 pseudogenes, or defective copies of genes, may fall into that category, albeit with some exceptions. Recent studies, however, have cast a new spotlight on a menagerie of other molecules, including some with a lineage far older than the human species, that may play significant roles in the development and progression of cancer and other diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Martin Taylor, MD, PhD, assistant professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at the Brown University Center on the Biology of Aging and the Legorreta Cancer Center in Providence, Rhode Island, began studying one kind of genomic dark matter, LINE-1 retrotransposons, approximately 15 years ago. “The overwhelming evidence says that these are just parasitic sequences that we’ve been evolving with for billions of years,” he says of the mobile elements. “They’re actually older than multicellular organisms.” The virus-like, self-copying sequences, in fact, may have given rise to viruses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Astoundingly, LINE-1 has effectively written at least one-third of the human genome through its copy-and-paste mechanism. Most of its own 500,000 copies are “fossils” from when humans mutated and defeated the once full-length retrotransposons. However, an estimated 6000 elements are more or less still intact; of those, maybe 100–150 are still functional and capable of hopping around and inserting themselves into other sequences, Dr Taylor says. They are repressed in healthy tissues but can become activated in the event of diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By sequencing cancers, researchers have found that LINE-1, on rare occasion, can insert itself into a tumor suppressor gene such as APC or P10 and promote cancer. Work by Dr Taylor and others suggests that LINE-1 also may contribute to cancer in other ways. Those cancer-abetting mechanisms, he says, “have to do with the fact that when LINE-1 gets turned on, the cell thinks it’s infected with a virus—or at least has a virus-like response—and that causes inflammation.” The defensive response, research suggests, can manipulate the tumor microenvironment and alter cell signaling pathways to promote carcinogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition, Dr Taylor says, “The transposons cause a huge amount of DNA damage, and the thinking in the field now is that they may contribute to the chromosomal instability that we see as a hallmark of cancer.” He sees LINE-1 not as a classic cancer driver but rather as an accelerator that more broadly contributes to cancer development and progression, thoug","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"132 11","pages":"671-672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.22917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International perspective on pediatric cytology","authors":"Maren Y. Fuller MD,&nbsp;Sujan Shrestha MBBS, MD,&nbsp;Swikrity U. Baskota MBBS, MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22911","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology in patients with HPV-positive urinary tract carcinoma","authors":"Kara Tanaka MD, MFA,&nbsp;Neslihan Kayraklioglu MD, PhD,&nbsp;Emily Chan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Chien-Kuang C. Ding MD, PhD,&nbsp;Poonam Vohra MD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive urinary tract carcinomas (UTCas) have distinct morphology and molecular features with potential treatment implications. Cytomorphologic analysis of these tumors on urine cytology specimens has not yet been reported. The authors evaluated the cytomorphologic findings of HPV-positive UTCa on urine cytology using The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HPV-positive cases were identified by a retrospective review of surgical specimens that had UTCa confirmed by HPV in situ hybridization. Cases that had concurrent urine cytology were reviewed using TPS. Cytomorphologic features of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) were evaluated as well as the presence of atypical squamous cells (ASCs) and basaloid features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixteen cytology specimens from eight patients with HPV-positive UTCa were included. On original diagnosis, none of the cytology specimens were suggested to be HPV-associated. TPS diagnostic criteria identified eight cases with at least atypical findings, including five HGUC cases, one case that was suspicious for HGUC, and two atypical urothelial cases. Common cytomorphologic features included basaloid clusters (six of eight cases; 75%) and ASCs (four of eight cases; 50%) that matched the corresponding surgical specimens. Most cases exhibited urothelial cell hyperchromasia (seven of eight cases; 88%), and hypochromasia was a frequently observed variant (four of eight cases; 50%), either alone or in addition to hyperchromasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HPV-positive UTCa can be identified reliably as HGUC by using TPS criteria; however, these cases may not be recognized as HPV-associated. The presence of basaloid cells or ASCs can help suggest screening for HPV in urine specimens. Larger scale studies are warranted to validate cytomorphologic differences and determine the impact of HPV infection on clinical outcomes for patients with UTCa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell multiplex immunocytochemistry in cell block preparations of metastatic breast cancer confirms sensitivity of GATA-binding protein 3 over gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 and mammaglobin","authors":"Joshua J. X. Li MBChB,&nbsp;Hiu Yu Cheng MSc,&nbsp;Conrad H. C. Lee MSc,&nbsp;Joanna K. M. Ng MBBS,&nbsp;Julia Y. Tsang PhD,&nbsp;Gary M. Tse MBBS","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metastatic breast cancers are frequently encountered in cytology and require immunocytochemistry (ICC). In this study, traditional and multiplex ICC (mICC) for GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15), and mammaglobin (MMG) were performed with the aim of validating mICC in cell blocks, with further single-cell expression pattern analysis to identify the single markers and combinations of markers most sensitive in subtypes of breast cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GATA3, GCDFP15, and MMG were paired with OptiView 3,3′-diaminobenzidine and Ventana DISCOVERY Purple and Blue, respectively, with cyclical and serial staining. Bright-field imaging was performed with the Mantra 2 system and analyzed with the inForm Tissue Finder (Akoya Biosciences). Cell detection and phenotyping were further confirmed by two pathologists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the 36 cases studied, traditional ICC and mICC demonstrated good concordance (kappa coefficient, &gt;0.5; <i>p</i> &lt; .01) at three cutoffs (1%, 5%, and 50%), except for GATA3 at the 1% cutoff. Single-marker positivity outnumbered double-marker positivity and the exceedingly rare triple-marker positivity (&lt;3%). GATA3 was the leading single marker–positive phenotype in all breast cancer subtypes, except for MMG in estrogen receptor–positive, progesterone receptor–positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (ER+/PR+/HER2+) breast cancers. Limited to two markers, GATA3/MMG included the greatest number of tumor cells for luminal breast cancers (ER+/PR+/HER2+, 60.6%; ER+/PR+/HER2+, 31.4%), whereas HER2-overexpressed breast cancers (27.4%) and triple-negative breast cancers (26.4%) favored the combination of GATA3/GCDFP15.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For a single marker, GATA3 displayed the highest sensitivity. The addition of MMG for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and GCDFP15 for hormone receptor-negative breast cancers further increased sensitivity. The low proportion of multimarker-positive cells suggested that the coexpression observed with traditional ICC is attributable to intratumoral heterogeneity, not genuine coexpression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative peritoneal cytology for cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma: Cytopathology and clinical impact","authors":"Waku Takigawa MD,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yoshida MD, PhD,&nbsp;Shoichi Kitamura MD,&nbsp;Chika Tokutake CT,&nbsp;Madoka Kondo CT,&nbsp;Mizuho Fujima CT,&nbsp;Yasuo Shibuki CT,&nbsp;Mayumi Kobayashi-Kato MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yasuhito Tanase MD, PhD,&nbsp;Masaya Uno MD, PhD,&nbsp;Mitsuya Ishikawa MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22915","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to elucidate the frequency and cytologic features of positive peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) in cervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma (GAS) and to clarify the clinical significance of positive PWC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors analyzed cases from their institution between 1991 and 2023 in which patients underwent surgery and PWC. The study included 62 patients who had cervical GAS (1991–2023; including seven patients with adenocarcinoma in situ and 26, 15, nine, and five patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively) and 100 patients who had usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (2007–2023; including 65, 15, and 20 patients with stage I, II, and III disease, respectively). The frequency of positive PWC results and cytologic features was assessed, and correlations between positive PWC results and clinicopathologic factors were examined, including prognosis, in the GAS group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Positive PWC results were significantly more frequent in patients who had GAS at 24% (15 of 62 patients) compared with 7% (seven of 100 patients) in those who had usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma. The cytologic features of GAS included distinct cellular atypia (enlarged nuclei, nuclear irregularity) and frequent formation of spherical clusters (10 of 15 cases) without the golden-yellowish mucus commonly seen in cervical smears. A positive PWC result in GAS was significantly correlated with larger tumor size, parametrium invasion, lymph node metastasis, and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. In patients with stage I GAS, the PWC-positive group had significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival compared with the PWC-negative group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Positive PWC findings are frequent in cervical GAS and are associated with pathologic factors indicative of tumor growth and progression. In patients who have stage I GAS, positive PWC results may indicate a poor prognosis, warranting further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You to Reviewers 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"132 12","pages":"809-810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Researchers confront a rising tide of cancer misinformation","authors":"Bryn Nelson PhD,&nbsp;William Faquin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22909","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Some online articles have suggested, without evidence, that high-dose infusions of vitamin C can cure cancer. Others have promised, falsely, that baking soda can cure prostate cancer or that cannabis oil can cure breast or lung cancer. Well before ivermectin was infamously touted as an (ineffective) intervention for the coronavirus disease 2019, a podcast wrongly asserted that the antiparasitic medication offered a cancer cure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Experts have long warned of the noxious effects of online misinformation aimed at swaying elections and public opinion. The swirl of misinformation around cancer treatment and prevention may be less well studied, but researchers have begun raising alarms about the considerable harm that can come from advice that is, in some cases, literally toxic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Skyler Johnson, MD, an assistant professor of radiation oncology at the University of Utah’s Huntsman Cancer Institute in Salt Lake City, experienced the phenomenon firsthand when his wife was diagnosed with cancer in 2011 while he was still in medical school. The couple encountered so many fact-free claims and false assertions online that Dr Johnson decided to study the effects of this flood of bad advice. Even after his wife was declared cancer-free, he realized that such misinformation, even from well-meaning friends and relatives, can lead to serious and avoidable harm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most disturbingly, he discovered, it can kill. In a highly cited study, Dr Johnson and his colleagues found that patients who relied entirely on unproven alternative cancer therapies were significantly more likely to die within 5 years than patients who used conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and surgery.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; For a subset of patients with breast or colorectal cancer who used alternative medicine, the mortality risk jumped roughly 5-fold. No matter how advanced cancer treatments might be, he says, “if patients aren’t willing to take those treatments, then we’ve done no good.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;When she read Dr Johnson’s study, Briony Swire-Thompson, PhD, director of the Psychology of Misinformation Lab in the Network Science Institute at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, had an epiphany. The cognitive psychologist had previously studied general and political misinformation, but she immediately understood the unique challenge posed by cancer misinformation. “That was, I think, an aha moment where I realized this is a topic where belief really has impact in people’s lives,” she says.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Swire-Thompson characterizes &lt;i&gt;misinformation&lt;/i&gt; as an umbrella term for all false information and &lt;i&gt;disinformation&lt;/i&gt; as a subset of false information that is spread deliberately. The high anxiety accompanying a cancer diagnosis, coupled with cognitive fatigue and the fear of side effects from chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, she notes, can make a patient more susceptible to a huckster trying to capitalize financially. “People are wi","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"132 10","pages":"603-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncy.22909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of rapid on-site evaluation during bronchoscopy for lung cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis","authors":"Cheng-Chieh Chen MSc,&nbsp;Shou-Cheng Lu MSc,&nbsp;Yu-Kang Chang PhD,&nbsp;Chyi-Huey Bai PhD,&nbsp;Ke-Yu Hsiao MSc,&nbsp;Kang-Yun Lee MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yuan-Hung Wang PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncy.22908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncy.22908","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Screening high-risk populations for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality. Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to monitor patients suspected of having lung cancer after LDCT. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) can improve the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), although its diagnostic value remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, the authors evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE during bronchoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE for lung cancer during bronchoscopy. Studies evaluating the performance of ROSE and articles providing sufficient data for constructing a 2 × 2 table on a per-lesion basis were included. A meta-analysis was conducted using a bivariate random-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 32 studies involving 8243 lung lesions were included with a pooled sensitivity of 91.8% and a pooled specificity of 94.9%. Subgroup analysis of 12 studies involving 2929 specimens from patients who underwent computed tomography revealed a pooled sensitivity of 93.8% and a pooled specificity of 96%. Further subgroup analysis of seven studies on the diagnostic outcomes of ROSE for intrathoracic or mediastinal lymph nodes through EBUS-TBNA for lung cancer staging revealed a pooled sensitivity of 90.1% and a pooled specificity of 96.9%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ROSE exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing lung cancer during bronchoscopy. It also exhibited high sensitivity in detecting lung cancer in patients undergoing LDCT and higher specificity for nodal staging with EBUS-TBNA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9410,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cytopathology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}