Journal of hazardous materials最新文献

{"title":"Particulate matter across subway microenvironments worldwide: A systematic review and quantitative health-risk assessment.","authors":"Jing Liu, Zhicheng Shi, Yanting Wang, Junjie Zeng, Wenjing Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subway particulate matter (PM) pollution represents an increasingly important environmental health issue, yet its spatial variability and exposure implications across subway microenvironments remain insufficiently synthesized. This study reviewed 196 studies from 24 countries spanning a 15-year period, to characterize mass concentrations and chemical composition of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ across key subway spaces, including station offices, concourses, platforms, tunnels, carriages, and commuting exposure, and to quantify associated health risks. Subway PM exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity: concentrations were highest in tunnels, followed by platforms and commuting exposure, whereas concourses and carriages showed comparatively lower but still elevated levels. Limited evidence for office environments nevertheless indicated severe pollution, with peak concentrations reaching 405.1 µg/m³ for PM₁₀ and 212.1 µg/m³ for PM_2.5, suggesting an overlooked occupational exposure scenario. Strong enrichment of metal components was observed in subway aerosols. Fe showed the highest indoor-to-outdoor ratios, with mean values up to 66.5 for PM_2.5 and 41.5 for PM₁₀. Multi-study synthesis identified key drivers of PM distribution, including station depth, platform door configuration, operation frequency, ventilation, season, and outdoor pollution, reflecting combined internal generation and external infiltration. Health-risk assessment revealed that carriages constituted the highest-risk microenvironment. Mean cancer risks reached 8.4 × 10^-4 for PM_2.5 and 4.5 × 10^-4 for PM₁₀, while non-cancer risks were 28.0 and 2.4, respectively. Subway employees experienced greater risks than passengers. Element-specific analysis showed carcinogenic risk was primarily driven by Cr and Co, whereas non-carcinogenic risk was mainly associated with Co, Ni, and Mn, providing a basis for microenvironment-targeted air quality control in subway systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142311"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging of mask microplastics in distinct environmental media: Impacts on pollutants adsorption and cross-media migration propensity.","authors":"Jiadong Wang, Luling Yang, Yifang Ao, Yuxin Yang, Yuping Wu, Yankui Tang, Jing Li, Hanbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extensive use of disposable surgical masks has led to the widespread release of mask microplastics (M-MPs) into the environment. M-MPs not only pose direct risks but also act as pollutant vectors by adsorbing contaminants, enhancing pollutant enrichment in ecosystems through food web transmission. However, the effects of aging pathways on the aging degree of M-MPs and their potential as contaminant carriers remain unclear. This study systematically compared M-MPs characteristics under different aging pathways including controlled UV irradiation, landfill leachate, outdoor air, pond water and soil and evaluated their adsorption behaviors. The main findings are as follows: (1) Landfill leachate caused the most severe aging (CI = 1.75 after 120 d), with an intensity three times greater than outdoor exposure; (2) Controlled UV irradiation induced the fastest aging, reaching a CI of 0.55 within 20 d; (3) Pond water-aged M-MPs (P-MPs) exhibited a Cd(II) adsorption capacity of 2.11 mg·g⁻¹ , representing a 10.55-fold increase over that of pristine M-MPs, while their 2,4-DMA adsorption capacity was much lower than that of UV-aged M-MPs (UV-MPs) (0.14 vs. 0.55 mg·g⁻¹); (4) The adsorption differences originated from carbonyl groups on UV-MPs enhancing 2,4-dimethylaniline(2,4-DMA) uptake via nucleophilic interactions, whereas biofilm on P-MPs increased hydrophilicity and promoted Cd(II) adsorption. These findings demonstrate that environmental factors critically regulate M-MPs aging and pollutant sorption, thus providing a scientific basis for the environmental risk assessment and management of discarded masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"511 ","pages":"142307"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined kinetic analyses of micropollutant degradation by UV-AOPs incorporating dynamic oxidant decay.","authors":"Yanyan Huang, Mengkai Li, Zhe Sun, Yu Lei, Wei Song, Wentao Li, Zhimin Qiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental data regression and model analyses of micropollutant (MP) degradation kinetics in ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) typically assume a constant fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constant (k'). However, oxidant decay continuously disrupts steady-state concentrations of reactive radicals and repeatedly establishes new equilibria, making k' vary over time-an error source that has not been rigorously assessed. Here, we evaluated these errors and developed refined kinetic analysis methods. Second-order polynomial regression analysis was proposed to quantify both initial and real-time k' values, demonstrating superior accuracy to conventional linear regression analysis, particularly for fast-decaying oxidants (e.g., free chlorine), UV-resistant MPs, and complex water matrices. Furthermore, we established a refined steady-state approximation (rSSA) model incorporating dynamic oxidant decay, which demonstrated enhanced prediction accuracy than the conventional steady-state approximation model. For instance, in a secondary sedimentation effluent at a photon fluence of 1.47 × 10⁻² einstein m^-2, the relative error of model-predicted primidone removal by UV/free chlorine reduced from 98.3% to 12.6%. Additionally, relative deviation framework identified scenarios that violate the constant k' assumption, providing guidance for the selection of kinetic analysis methods. These advancements provide a robust foundation for rigorous experimental design and kinetic interpretation, offering potential value for more rational and energy-efficient operation of UV-AOPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"511 ","pages":"142263"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal-enhanced capillary/siphon-driven self-priming pump for highly efficient recovery of various oils.","authors":"Feilong Liu, Linlin Yan, Yingjie Zhang, Jun Ma, Pengcheng Liu, Longjun Wang, Da Long Li, Xiquan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil spills have caused devastating impacts on marine ecosystems and public health. Continuous oil-recovery system offers a cost-effective approach to achieving oil-spill cleanup. However, stable oil-water separation and efficient oil recovery remain challenging in continuous oil-recovery systems due to the influence of oil viscosity and the high cost of operating cost. In this study, an integrated self-priming pump (CSDP) with an outstanding photothermal effect was designed based on modified polyurethane sponge, which can spontaneously recover oil spills without external devices and additional power supply. A hierarchically engineered tri-layer architecture was dip-coated onto porous skeleton of CSDP, featuring a PDA-bonded hydrophobic expanded graphite supporting CuS@HKUST-1 that synergistically boost capillary action and broadband solar harvesting. Consequently, the CSDP enables autonomous and continuous oil-water separation. When processing oil spills, the CSDP achieved an oil flux of 1550.2 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ while maintaining > 99.94% oil purity. CSDP also effectively separates nano-scale water-in-oil emulsions, yielding an oil flux of 1492.6 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ and＞99.91% oil purity. Notably, the CSDP's excellent photothermal properties enhance oil flux by a factor of 5.4-8.8 under 1 kW·m⁻² solar irradiation relative to non-irradiated performance. Moreover, CSDP demonstrates robust stability in complex environments, which further establishes the CSDP as a highly promising platform for the practical treatment of oil spill pollution and the recovery of valuable oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142306"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electroosmosis-induced delivery of persulfate for remediation of PAHs contaminated soil via time-modulated electric fields: A novel zoned processing concept.","authors":"Dongdong Wen, Yuhuan Zhu, Junxian Wang, Yuqing Ren, Wei Teng, Jian Hu, Yajun Zhang, Rongbing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrokinetically-delivered persulfate is a promising remediation technology for low permeability contaminated soils. Electromigration-induced persulfate transport is the most typical dynamic mechanism in traditional approaches. However, the low mass transfer efficiency, and the high persulfate consumption on the cathode electrode are the biggest obstacles to practical application. Here, we described and explored a novel approach of enhanced electroosmotic flow (EOF)-induced delivery of persulfate for remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated low-permeability soil via time-modulated electric fields. Results showed that persulfate was injected into the anode chamber, avoiding its useless consumption, and at least 800 mL of 5% persulfate was delivered to the soil via EOF within 10 days, while in the controlled experiment that relies on diffusion transport, almost no transport of persulfate solution was observed. The novel approach allowed persulfate to penetrate the whole soil chamber by delivering persulfate to different regions in two phases, significant decreases in PAHs concentration in all regions of the soil chamber, and the average removal rate of PAHs reached 45.6%. Soil-inherent substances activated persulfate, and produced •OH and SO₄^•- radicals. Since protonation of bicarbonate/carbonate and soil organic matter at acidic pH reduced their reactivity with •OH and SO₄^•-, EOF-induced persulfate transport accompanied by acidic front migration increased the overall efficiency of persulfate-based advanced oxidation process. As a result, the novel approach has the potential to enhance persulfate delivery and PAHs degradation in low-permeability soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142296"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guanidinium-functionalized magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite for efficient enrichment of trace highly polar pesticide in water.","authors":"Xiaohan Meng, Jiale Yang, Gang Tang, Weiyao Yan, Xiaohong Zhang, Yuqi Huang, Jianhua Xiao, Qing Guo, Wenbing Zhang, Yongsong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic solid-phase extraction offers an efficient strategy for preconcentrating trace contaminants from environmental waters. However, the enrichment of highly polar phenoxy acid herbicides remains challenging because of their strong hydrophilicity and low pKa values. In this study, guanidinium-functionalized magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles (MNP-MS-GUA) were rationally constructed by coating Fe₃O₄ with mesoporous silica followed by covalent immobilization of guanidinium moieties on the surface to enhance affinity toward 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Comprehensive characterization by TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, BET, VSM, and XRD confirmed the successful formation of a stable core-shell structure with average particle size of 200 nm, which integrates magnetic separability, high surface area, and specific electrostatic recognition capability. Under conditions optimized by a Box-Behnken design, rapid enrichment of 2,4-D in water was achieved within 1 min. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.9995), indicating that chemisorption dominated the rate-limiting step through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between guanidinium groups and the carboxylate form of 2,4-D. The developed method exhibited good linearity over 25-1000 μg/L (r² = 0.998) with a limit of detection of 16.9 μg/L, satisfactory recoveries, and acceptable precision. The nanocomposite also maintained stable enrichment performance over repeated cycles, demonstrating good reusability. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to real water samples, yielding satisfactory recoveries and confirming its applicability for practical environmental water monitoring. This work provides a functionalization strategy for improving the enrichment efficiency of highly polar pesticides and establishes a rapid, reliable, and sustainable approach for monitoring phenoxy acid herbicides in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142287"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered biopolymer-ZIF-8 composites for bacterial aerosols sampling and detection.","authors":"Fengzhen Yang, Meixuan Li, Kaiyuan Jia, Qiang Zhang, Chaoyuan Wang, Yuhe Wang, Jianmin Zhang, Jianhan Lin, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial aerosols, a major infectious disease transmission route, require effective capture, inactivation, and detection. Most air filters provide high-efficiency filtration but lack efficient target recovery and rarely integrate inactivation with downstream analysis. Herein, a monolithic ZIF-8-based foam coupled with a nanozyme-assisted colorimetric biosensor was developed for bacterial aerosol sampling, recovery, and detection. A polysaccharide ZIF-8-based foam (PC-ZIF-8 foam) was used to efficiently capture and concentrate airborne bacteria. The foam was then dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to release the captured bacteria, thereby enabling direct downstream analysis. Meanwhile, zinc ions (Zn^2 +) released during dissolution contributed to bacterial inactivation, which enhanced biosafety during subsequent sample handling. Besides, a colorimetric biosensor based on Fe-ZIF-8 nanozymes was used for detection of the captured bacteria. This system achieved high performance: > 99.95% capture efficiency for 0.3-1 μm bacterial aerosols at 4 L/min while only causing low pressure drops (<35 Pa), > 99.99% bacterial inactivation within 15 min, and a low detection limit of 117 CFU/m³ in 90 min. This work provided a practical platform for integrated bacterial aerosol sampling and detection with improved recovery and operational safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"511 ","pages":"142303"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying microbial candidates for assisted phytoremediation through long-term microbial succession and functional gene shifts across a 50-year chronosequence of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings.","authors":"Zhijie Long, Baogang Zhang, Haijian Bing, Yanhong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil microorganisms are central to vegetation restoration in metalliferous wastes. However, within mine tailings restoration chronosequences, particularly those enriched with vanadium (V), the long-term successional dynamics of microbial communities, their functional potentials, and the functional partitioning between key microbial taxa and lower-abundance microbial lineages remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized metagenomic sequencing across a 50-year restoration chronosequence to investigate changes in the microbial community and functional genes related to plant growth-promotion (phosphorus, nitrogen, and iron acquisition) and V tolerance/bioreduction. The results demonstrated significant shifts in the microbial community after five years of restoration. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Pseudomonadota, and Gemmatimonadota were dominant. In early stages (< 15 years), nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition genes (e.g., nif, fix, phoD) were 1.3-2.5 times more prevalent than in later stages, whereas functional genes associated with V (e.g., napA, narG, nirS) increased 1.5- to 2-fold over time. Vanadium and nitrogen were the primary environmental factors regulating both community structure and the relative abundance of critical functional genes. Keystone taxa possessed more nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition genes (65% and 45%, respectively), while metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were enriched in genes related to siderophore biosynthesis (71%) and denitrification (potential V bioreduction) (65%). Based on functional gene profiles, Bradyrhizobium, Allosphingosinicella, Baekduia, Sphingomicrobium, and Hylemonella were identified as promising microbial candidates for enhancing restoration in V-contaminated sites. This study enables the development of targeted microbial consortia to mitigate nutrient deficiency and V toxicity, directly informing the design of more efficient, stage-specific phytoremediation strategies in V-rich tailings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142304"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the role of a triazine-rich COF shell in stabilizing UiO-66-NH₂ for catalytic ozone decomposition.","authors":"Nisrine Hammi, Mo Qi Cai, Ying Quan Lu, Guofeng Zhao, Carmen Ciotonea, Sébastien Royer, Shuo Chen, Yunqi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing catalysts for ozone decomposition under realistic, humid conditions is challenging due to water-induced deactivation of active sites. This work presents a core-shell hybrid, SNW@UiO‑66‑NH₂, where a triazine-based covalent organic framework (SNW‑1) is grafted onto UiO‑66‑NH₂ via covalent Schiff base linkages. The composite exhibits competitive performance, maintaining over 95% ozone conversion at 25°C for more than 24 h at 50% relative humidity (RH), far surpassing the stability of the pristine MOF (∼9 h) and COF (∼4 h) (4 ± 1 ppm, WHSV=600 L.g^-1,h^-1). Its activity shows a distinct volcano-type dependence on RH. Initial-rate analysis indicates an approximately first-order dependence on ozone and an apparent activation energy of 33-35 kJ mol^-1. In situ DRIFTS, in situ Raman, and post-reaction XPS support a humidity-induced dynamic restructuring of the interfacial imine-containing environment, consistent with partial hydrolysis/protonation and hydroxylation that promote ozone activation and intermediate decomposition under humid conditions. Although the composite exhibits a much lower BET surface area than pristine UiO-66-NH₂, it shows a higher BET-normalized rate. Combined with the initial-rate kinetic analysis, this result supports the beneficial role of the engineered MOF-COF interface in ozone decomposition under humid conditions. Shaped extrudates of this composite retain stable performance, confirming practical potential. This work establishes strategies for the design of dynamic covalent interfaces in hybrid materials as a principle for creating humidity-resistant redox catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"512 ","pages":"142310"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of secondary microplastics and additives from polymer pellets exposed to artificial sunlight and aquatic environment.","authors":"Michał S Bućko, Katarzyna Janoszka, Katarzyna Jaworek, Joanna Kernert, Michał Sobota, Marta Musioł, Paweł S Wróbel, Tuomo Soininen, Arto Koistinen, Magdalena M Mrokowska","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the framework of this study, the degradation of six commercially available types of polymer pellets was systematically monitored after long-term exposure to artificial sunlight and aquatic environment. The ABS, HDPE (non-processed, recycled), PA+GF30 and PA6 were placed in the demineralized water and stored under the UV lighting for the period of 18 months. Simultaneously, selected polymer grains were exposed to UV radiation only. Changes of the surface topography and physico-chemical properties were examined with the use of digital microscope, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Release of secondary microplastics (MPs) into the water was studied by the µ-FTIR analyses. Additionally, leaching of the additives/plasticizers was monitored with the use of GC-MS technique. The long-term exposure to both degradation factors (UV+water and UV separately) generates extensive cracking on the polymer surface. However, the smoothing of the polymer surface proceeds more rapidly when UV radiation is only applied. The distribution of TGA curves and Raman spectra suggests that the UV radiation and water influence the physicochemical properties of the studied polymers. Secondary MPs were detected in water samples after 18 months of exposure to both degradation factors, with particle size ranging from 17 to 870 µm. Significant concentrations of phthalates were detected in the studied water samples, showing that UV-radiation is a key factor, activating the release of these additives from the polymer surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"511 ","pages":"142289"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}