{"title":"A brief history of chlorfluazuron in termite bait in the Asia-Pacific.","authors":"Partho Dhang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae289","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorfluazuron was discovered and developed in the Asia-Pacific region by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha (ISK) Japan and launched in the 1980s. The compound is a benzoylphenyl urea and acts as an insect growth regulator by inhibiting chitin synthesis in insects. Subsequently, Ensystex developed chlorfluazuron for termite baits, with test results demonstrating that it met key criteria for good termite baits. The first commercial introduction of a chlorfluazuron-based bait in the Asia-Pacific region occurred in Australia in 2002. Since then, the bait has been registered in most major countries across the region. Several studies have been published on the efficacy of the bait against termite species, including those from both the Heterotermitidae and Termitidae families. Tested species include Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. acinaciformis (Froggatt); C. gestroi, Wasmann; C curvignathus Holmgren; Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann), Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Microcerotermes losbanosensis (Oshima), Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland), and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur). This article presents a brief history and use of chlorfluazuron baits, considering its importance in the fast-growing urban environment of the Asia-Pacific region.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1038-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular insights on the function of CYP380C12 in Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae): in silico and RNAi analyses.","authors":"Lianjun Zhang, Ziyan Zhuang, Jingang Xie, Wenting Kong, Tingting Li, Shengfei Wang, Xiaoning Liu","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphis gossypii Glover is a serious pest that causes significant economic losses and is difficult to control due to the rapid development of resistance to neonicotinoids. Insect cytochrome P450s play an important role in detoxification of insecticides. In this study, we aimed to understand the function of CYP380C12 in A. gossypii. The CYP380C12 gene of A. gossypii was cloned and characterized, and its relative expression level differed among instars. The expression of CYP380C12 increased by 48.5% compared with the Water group under imidacloprid (IMI) stress for 48 h. Molecular docking predicted the binding free energy of CYP380C12 and IMI was -7.0 kcal/mol, indicating an excellent stability at the docked active site, which was verified by molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, silencing efficiency of CYP380C12 in the dsCYP380C12 treatment group reached 48.9%, 47.0%, and 40.0% at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the mortality of A. gossypii treated with IMI was 1.45- and 1.38-fold that of the Water and dsGFP control groups, respectively. Moreover, the reproductive period of aphids treated with dsCYP380C12 (9.67 ± 0.88) was significantly shorter than that of those sprayed with Water (13.67 ± 1.20). Taken together, these results indicated that silencing CYP380C12 not only increases sensitivity of A. gossypii to IMI but also shortens its reproductive period. Understanding the function of CYP380C12 in A. gossypii can provide new insights for developing innovative strategies to control A. gossypii.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen O Onayemi, Diego F Rincon, Brian W Bahder, David W Crowder, Doug B Walsh
{"title":"Optimizing insecticide timings for the grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) based on pheromone trap capture data.","authors":"Stephen O Onayemi, Diego F Rincon, Brian W Bahder, David W Crowder, Doug B Walsh","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In agricultural systems, insect pest populations are often assessed using traps to survey adults, as adults are mobile and attracted to volatiles. While immature stages of insects (nymphs, larvae) are often most damaging, they can be difficult to sample, and management decisions targeting immatures must be based on adult sampling. For some insect pests, such as the grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus), pheromone trap observations of adults occur too late to warn growers about pest risk, since overwintering first-instar nymphs are the dominant stage that transmits grape leafroll-associated viruses. Here, we propose a method to determine the time when insecticide applications will be most effective to control first-instar grape mealybug nymphs, based on the alignment between a modeled progression of life stages across degree days and pheromone trap capture data. We used literature to build a grape mealybug phenology simulation model and a 6-yr dataset of grape mealybug males captured in pheromone traps to infer the time when most virus-transmitting nymphs have hatched and are susceptible to insecticides. Our results show it is unlikely that most overwintering first-instar grape mealybugs occur in early spring, and that insecticides aimed at preventing grape leafroll-associated viruses transmission should occur by late autumn. Our study suggests that results from laboratory studies and field observations can be integrated to optimize insecticide application timing for a key vector pest species.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1188-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does rearing host alter host stage preference? Implications for mass rearing of two common pupal parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii.","authors":"Qian You, Tian-Hao Li, Jia-Wei Sun, Jian-Fei Mei, Haneef Tariq, Fabrizio Lisi, Antonio Biondi, Lian-Sheng Zang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) are pupal parasitoids capable of successfully developing on Drosophilidae species, including the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Both parasitoids are considered potential biological control agents for managing D. suzukii. We conducted a long-term laboratory rearing study to assess whether different rearing host species, specifically D. suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), influence the parasitoids' preference for D. suzukii pupae at different developmental stages. In no-choice tests, T. drosophilae reared on either D. suzukii or D. melanogaster exhibited a preference for parasitizing younger D. suzukii pupae over older ones. In contrast, P. vindemiae reared on both host species did not show a significant difference in parasitism rates across D. suzukii pupal stages. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the performance of T. drosophilae and P. vindemiae after 10 generations of rearing on D. melanogaster when tested on D. suzukii pupae, compared to those reared on D. suzukii. These results suggest that long-term rearing on an alternative host does not alter the host stage preference of these parasitoids for D. suzukii.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1126-1132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Peirson, Abdullah Ibrahim, Lynae P Ovinge, Shelley E Hoover, Stephen F Pernal
{"title":"Supersedure, mites, and visible disease in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies explain differences in productivity and survival, but the effects may be difficult to see.","authors":"Michael Peirson, Abdullah Ibrahim, Lynae P Ovinge, Shelley E Hoover, Stephen F Pernal","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaf094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether field assessments of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony health explain subsequent colony size, honey production, and survival. Field detections of visible diseases, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) and queen replacement events were recorded during a multisite cohort study, which also incorporated fumagillin and protein supplementation as colony-level treatments. Together, treatment groups and field observations explained between 5% of the variability in adult bee counts and 28% of the variability in honey production among colonies, after accounting for the effects of region and date. In particular, detections of minor disease symptoms, mainly chalkbrood, were associated with large reductions in honey production and approximately doubled the short-term probability of colony death. Although the effects of treatments and field-observed events were significant, unexplained variability among similarly managed colonies was much greater. Consequently, beekeepers may be unable to detect the effects of these field-observable factors, or distinguish effective treatments from ineffective ones. Despite this, interventions to reduce the prevalence of varroa and visible diseases, and to prevent queen loss, are likely to improve honey bee health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geoffrey W Brown, Melissa L Starkie, Elizabeth V Fowler, Mark J Blacket, Jane E Royer, David G Mayer, Natalia M Souza, Jodie Cheesman, Brendan Missenden, Mitchell Irvine, Mark K Schutze
{"title":"Field assessment of current and improved surveillance traps for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia.","authors":"Geoffrey W Brown, Melissa L Starkie, Elizabeth V Fowler, Mark J Blacket, Jane E Royer, David G Mayer, Natalia M Souza, Jodie Cheesman, Brendan Missenden, Mitchell Irvine, Mark K Schutze","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exotic fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance in Australia predominantly relies on male-lure trapping. We assessed the performance of 3 traps currently used in Australian fruit fly surveillance: Lynfield, Modified Steiner, and Paton; against 3 improved versions: Enhanced Steiner, Enhanced Paton, and Enhanced Paton-10 mm. Laboratory trials revealed existing traps failed to exclude rain, and drained poorly, which guided our trap modifications. These modified traps were field-tested across 2 seasons and 4 locations in tropical and subtropical areas, with trap efficacy measured by total flies trapped, quality of fly DNA by real-time PCR, and weatherability observations. During the dry season, the Enhanced Paton trap outperformed all other traps in terms of fruit fly catch rates, a trend that continued in the wet season. While there was no discernible variation in DNA quality among flies caught by the 6 trap types, wet trap contents negatively affected DNA quality, with the incidence of wet trap catches influenced by trap design. No wet flies were observed in the Enhanced Paton trap, a result of the modifications made, which included a 3° entrance tube with a 42° angled roof. Overall, the Enhanced Paton trap proved to be a superior alternative to existing designs, offering higher fly capture rates and better-quality specimens for both morphological and molecular identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1344-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance? A meta-analysis.","authors":"Dylan J Brown, Richard A Redak","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecticide resistance threatens control of agricultural and medically important insect pests. Resistance may come at a fitness cost to the insect pest, and whether these fitness costs exist may determine the persistence of resistance in the absence of insecticides. Not all resistant populations have shown fitness costs associated with resistance. Revealing possible patterns in the effects of insecticide resistance on fitness costs among insecticide classes, resistance levels, and insect orders would improve our understanding of evolutionary costs of resistance and may assist in optimizing existing resistance management strategies. We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify studies that examined fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance. Fitness data were collected on various life-history traits and subjected to multiple meta-analyses to determine overall effects of resistance. Generally, insecticide resistance often came with a cost to fitness; however, there were insecticide classes, orders of insects, and resistance magnitude levels that did not confer a fitness cost. The emerging patterns suggest that (i) resistant female insects exhibited a lower fecundity compared to susceptible females within the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera; (ii) resistant juvenile insects had prolonged development compared to susceptible juveniles within the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera; (iii) juvenile survival rate was much higher for susceptible than resistant individuals in the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera; (iv) female and male adult longevity were reduced for insecticide resistant individuals in the order Diptera, and (v) there was no clear and consistent trend between the magnitude of resistance and potential effects on fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1382-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Zhang, Chaokun Yang, Ping Wang, Guanglin Xie, Wenkai Wang
{"title":"Assessing the potential global distribution of Monochamus sutor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) under the influence of climate change and human activities based on Maximum Entropy model.","authors":"Liang Zhang, Chaokun Yang, Ping Wang, Guanglin Xie, Wenkai Wang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monochamus sutor, an important phytophagous pest, is a known vector insect of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus in addition to feeding directly on trees. Although B. mucronatus causes relatively minor damage in European and Asian forests, its threat to coniferous forests is similar to that of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Given that B. xylophilus evolved into a destructive pathogen after its introduction into Asia, B. mucronatus may also pose a potential threat to North American coniferous forests. Therefore, we assessed the potential global distributions areas of M. sutor and their relative dynamics under different climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) in the current (i. considering only bioclimatic factors; ii. including anthropogenic factors) and in the future (2050s and 2070s) using an optimized Maximum Entropy ecological niche model. The mean area under the curve value of the optimized model was greater than 0.86 and the true skill statistic value was greater than 0.79. Potentially suitable habitat for M. sutor is driven by a combination of temperature (Bio1 and Bio2), precipitation (Bio14, Bio15, and Bio18), and human activities. In the current period, suitable areas are concentrated in Europe, East Asia, and North America, and are smaller in the presence of anthropogenic disturbance than in the presence of bioclimatic factors alone. At the same time, under future climate scenarios, the potential range of M. sutor will always expand more than contract, with a projected increase of 1,329.02 to 1,798.23 × 104 km2 compared to the current time period, especially spread toward Canada and the United States of America in North America. The present study provides important insights into the potential risks of M. sutor, which is important to help guide decision-making in pest control as well as forest conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1174-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jared B Linn, Aaron J Cato, Amanda L McWhirt, Ryan F Keiffer, Neelendra K Joshi
{"title":"Evaluating broad mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) sampling techniques in blackberry.","authors":"Jared B Linn, Aaron J Cato, Amanda L McWhirt, Ryan F Keiffer, Neelendra K Joshi","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is an emerging pest impacting blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) production globally. Small plot research recommends applying miticides when mite density averages 5 mites per leaflet or one egg per leaflet. However, an optimal scouting method has not been investigated at the field scale, and many growers rely on assessments of visual injury. This study aimed to identify an effective scouting strategy to estimate broad mite density, investigate the relationship between mite density and visual injury, and develop a visual injury sampling strategy for broad mite. We evaluated 3 leaflet sample sizes (5, 10, and 15 leaflets) in 12 commercial fields, and visual injury was rated on a descriptive scale (1 to 5) in 33 commercial fields. Regression analysis was used to correlate mite density with visual injury assessment, and the optimal sample size was determined. We determined that 15-leaflet samples provided the best estimate of mite populations due to it having the lowest variance-to-mean ratio of 12.2 for motile mites. At 70% accuracy, 31 samples of 15 leaflets were necessary to estimate mite density at threshold in blackberry fields. A positive correlation was observed between broad mite density and visual injury; when an injury rating of two was observed, 72% of samples were above threshold. Additionally, only 11 replicates, 10-cane visual injury samples were necessary per field. Our findings suggest that visual injury can be used to estimate broad mite populations and may encourage better adoption by growers than labor-intensive leaf sampling methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1354-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trap catches of woodboring beetles and predators affected by release rates of cerambycid pheromones.","authors":"Daniel R Miller, Jon D Sweeney","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection programs for nonnative species of woodboring beetles require effective and affordable traps and lures. 3-Hydroxyhexan-2-one, 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, and syn-2,3-hexanediol are 3 semiochemicals that are broadly attractive to longhorn beetles, and associated species of ambrosia beetles and predators. We determined the dose responses of insects to traps baited with ethanol and various combinations of these pheromones released at high rates versus low or medium rates. Five species of longhorn beetles exhibited positive dose-dependent responses with trap catches increasing with increased release rates. In contrast, 2 species of longhorn beetles exhibited a negative dose-dependent response to these pheromones. Curius dentatus Newman and Euderces pini Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were unaffected by release rates. Similar response patterns were observed with some species of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a powderpost beetle (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), 3 predator species (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cleridae, Trogossitidae), and an assassin bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). The reasons for these responses are unclear. However, the variation in dose-dependent responses by beetles may be important in optimizing the efficiency of detection programs with respect to lure costs and numbers of traps that should be deployed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1328-1334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}