Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"A Generalized Outlier Method with an Automated Test Protocol Applied to Proficiency Testing Schemes: Utilizing Monte Carlo Simulation for Generating Critical Values for the Extended Grubbs Statistic.","authors":"Tomas Nilsson, Simon Langer Sigaard","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A generalized method for addressing outliers in Proficiency Testing (PT) schemes is presented, along with examples illustrating their impact on the analysis used for payment in the grain industry.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Enhance the accuracy and robustness of the assigned values in the newly proposed automated testing protocol. Additionally, provide added value to participants in PT schemes by enhancing the significance of outlier detection, enabling further investigation of the underlying causes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Grubbs outlier detection method has been expanded to include 35 distinct tests for identifying single, double, and up to multiple-10 outliers. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the critical values for each test, which are suitable for datasets containing up to 1000 observations. This research specifically focuses on the one-sided significance level of 1.25%, but six other levels are included. The application of this method is particularly relevant for analyzing PT scheme data within the grain industry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study discusses the challenges posed by extreme outlier data that may have identical values due to rounding practices. Additionally, another example from the world's largest grain network in France shows a multiple-5 outlier in a large data set of over 700 observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This extended Grubbs test provides a more accurate determination of mean values and facilitates the identification of outlying observations, which may reveal significant insights when confirmed to be statistically distinct.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The importance of precise testing using the new protocol is underscored by the observation that even a minimal shift of 0.1% in protein content in barley could lead to financial implications amounting to millions of US dollars. Notably, a minor shift of 0.07% was observed when applying the quadruple outlier test that excluded the four highest observations from the PT scheme dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Qualitative Detection of Domoic Acid in Shellfish.","authors":"Daud H Khan, Roozbeh Safavieh, Andrew D Turner, Ryan P Alexander, Shamina Page, Karl Dean, Rozhin Saebi, Maarij Baig","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Domoic acid (DA), produced by Pseudo-nitzschia species during harmful algal blooms, causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans. Regulatory monitoring relies on accurate but resource-intensive liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) reference method. There is urgent need for validated rapid screening tools for field and laboratory settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the Sensoreal ASP Alert™ lateral flow assay (LFA) for qualitative detection of DA in bivalves through single-laboratory validation, combining AOAC and Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference (ISSC) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The LFA was assessed for Probability of Detection (sensitivity, specificity, false positives, false negatives), ruggedness, and comparability against LC-UV reference. Validation used spiked (mussels and scallops) and 168 naturally contaminated samples representing diverse species and origins. Additional assessments included selectivity against other marine biotoxins and semi-quantitative interpretation via SensoRead™ scanner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At a 15 mg/kg decision threshold (75% of the regulatory maximum permitted limit, MPL), the LFA achieved high sensitivity (0.983) and specificity (0.817) in spiked samples, with 0.90 overall agreement (κ  =  0.80). Naturally contaminated samples showed near-perfect LC-UV agreement (sensitivity 0.983; specificity 0.827; κ  =  0.869). Ruggedness testing revealed no significant performance differences under varying analysts, lots, or incubation conditions. No cross-reactivity was observed with paralytic shellfish toxins (saxitoxin, gonyautoxins GTX2&3, C toxins C1&2), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), azaspiracids-1 and -2 (AZA1&2), microcystins (MCs) and tetrodotoxin (TTX). The scanner's Low/Medium/High classification provided early-warning capability, with substantial agreement at a secondary 7.5 mg/kg threshold (κ  =  0.667). Combined spiked and naturally contaminated data (n = 288) confirmed 0.920 overall agreement (κ  =  0.840).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sensoreal ASP Alert™ LFA is a robust, accurate, user-friendly rapid DA screening method. It demonstrates excellent comparability to LC-UV, high sensitivity, and rugged performance. Its semi-quantitative classification aids proactive monitoring and regulatory decision-making.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A lateral flow assay for ASP has been validated successfully.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Romer Labs RapidChek® Listeria monocytogenes NextDay™ Plus Test System for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Select Food Matrices and Environmental Surfaces: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 042501.","authors":"Juliet Wachira, Verapaz Gonzalez, Meredith Sutzko, Gregory Juck, Mark T Muldoon","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The RapidChek® Listeria monocytogenes NextDay™ Plus Test System was designed to detect Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel and plastic environmental surfaces and in selected foods. It uses a proprietary enrichment followed by a lateral flow immunoassay to qualitatively detect L. monocytogenes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to validate the Romer Labs RapidChek® Listeria monocytogenes NextDay™ Plus Test System against the USDA-FSIS-MLG and FDA-BAM cultural reference methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes in select foods including hot dogs, frozen breaded chicken, cured ham, ice cream and cooked shrimp, and on environmental surfaces including stainless steel and plastic (polyurethane, food grade) in an unpaired study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RapidChek® method uses a proprietary enrichment media system, a 44 to 48 h enrichment at 30 ± 1 °C and detects L. monocytogenes on an immunochromatographic lateral flow device within 10 minutes. Different L. monocytogenes strains were used to spike each of the matrices. Samples were confirmed based on the reference method confirmations and an alternate confirmation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 82 RapidChek® presumptive positives matrices of which 81 were confirmed by the alternate confirmation method. The respective cultural reference methods produced 74 confirmed positives. All non-spiked samples were negative for Listeria monocytogenes by both methods. Probability of Detection (POD) analysis was performed and found no statistically significant differences between methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RapidChek® Listeria monocytogenes NextDay™ Plus Test System demonstrated performance comparable to the respective cultural reference methods while providing rapid results, supporting its use for monitoring L. monocytogenes in food and food processing environments.</p><p><strong>Highlight: </strong>The method provides the end user with a rapid and reliable tool for monitoring and control of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and environmental surfaces in accordance with their ongoing food safety needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the RapidChek® Listeria NextDay™ Plus Test System for Detection of Listeria Spp. in Matrices: Hot Dogs, Frozen Cooked Breaded Chicken, Vanilla Ice Cream, Stainless Steel, Plastic, Rubber, and Painted Concrete Surfaces.","authors":"Verapaz Gonzalez, Gregory Juck, Juliet Wachira, Meredith Sutzko, Mark T Muldoon","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Listeria monocytogenes presents a major challenge in the food industry. Routine monitoring is essential to ensure food safety in processing environments; therefore, rapid and reliable detection of Listeria is crucial for timely and effective intervention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To validate the RapidChek® Listeria NextDay™ Plus test system for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria marthii and Listeria grayi in selected foods including hot dogs, frozen cooked breaded chicken and vanilla ice cream, and on environmental surfaces, including stainless steel, plastic, rubber, and painted concrete using an unpaired study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The method uses a proprietary enrichment medium, a 24 to 48 h enrichment at 30 ± 1 °C and detects Listeria spp. on an immunochromatographic lateral flow device within 10 minutes. Listeria inoculated matrices were tested by the method, as well as the cultural reference method. The RapidChek method inclusivity was tested with 51 Listeria strains and its exclusivity using 30 non-target strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Probability of detection (POD) analysis indicated no significant differences between the candidate method and the cultural reference method in the number of positive test portions detected for hot dogs, frozen cooked breaded chicken, stainless steel, plastic, and painted concrete. For vanilla ice cream and rubber, the candidate method yielded a greater number of positive test portions, with significantly higher POD values at the 95% confidence interval. Following enrichment, the RapidChek assay detected all 51 Listeria strains evaluated and produced no false positives among the 30 non-target organisms tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The candidate method performed as well as the reference method in the detection of Listeria spp. on environmental surfaces after 24 h of enrichment and in selected food matrices after 27 h of enrichment.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Enriching for 24-27 h yielded reliable presumptive results for Listeria spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology.","authors":"Abderrahmane Tighrine, Anna Montefusco, Monica De Caroli, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tomato seeds, a by-product of the tomato-processing industry, are a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising nutritional and functional potential.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to optimize the supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum lycopersicum L. seeds using a Full Factorial Design (FFD) within the framework of Response Surface Methodology (RSM).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The effects of extraction pressure (100-500 bar) and temperature (40-80 °C) were evaluated, with oil extraction yield and total phenolic content (TPC) as response variables. A one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach assessed the effect of ethanol (0.25-1.0 mL) as a co-solvent under constant optimal extraction conditions. Derringer's desirability function was applied to identify simultaneous optimal conditions to maximize both responses. The main phenolic compounds were putatively annotated via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-TOF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extraction pressure and co-solvent volume significantly affected both oil extraction yield and TPC, while temperature primarily influenced yield. Multi-response optimization achieved an overall desirability value of 1.0 at 425 bar and 78 °C with 1 mL ethanol, resulting the highest oil extraction yield and phenolic recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SC- CO2 extraction combined with desirability-based RSM is an efficient, green technique for valorizing tomato-processing residues, supporting circular bioeconomy principles through the sustainable recovery of high-value bioactives.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Optimized SC-CO2 extraction using RSM revealed that the factors most influencing oil extraction yield and the recovery of phenolic compounds were pressure and the quantity of co-solvents used. HPLC-DAD-TOF analysis putatively annotated the main phenolic compounds, thus emphasizing the sustainable valorization of by-products from tomato processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Community Composition and Quality Characteristics of a Tea and Jujube Blend Kombucha Beverage.","authors":"Qian Wang, Yu Zhao, Haorui Ma, Zhulin Wang","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high nutritional value of jujubes, their product diversification remains limited. Developing a new functional fermented beverage is a promising strategy for enhancing their economic value and expanding their market appeal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To enhance the value-added processing of jujubes, this study developed a novel co-fermentation process for producing kombucha using both jujubes and tea. Furthermore, the individual and synergistic impacts of these substrates on the microbial, sensory and physicochemical properties of the final beverage were systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three kombucha types were prepared: traditional (C), pure jujube (Z), and tea-jujube blend (CZ). They were comprehensively characterized by evaluating their physicochemical profiles, microbial compositions, and sensory attributes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group CZ displayed significantly higher contents of total flavonoids and reducing sugars after fermentation. The addition of jujubes also restructured the microbial community, introducing Saccharomyces and significantly increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Group CZ achieved the highest sensory acceptance scores. The ethanol content of group CZ conformed to the commercial standard for non-alcoholic beverages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-fermentation with jujubes and tea significantly enhances both the functional properties and the palatability of kombucha, presenting a promising strategy for creating high-value fermented products.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The synergistic fermentation of tea and jujubes significantly enhances the functional properties and nutritional value of the product; jujubes optimize the microbial community structure during kombucha fermentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Some Nutritional Parameters and Trace Metal Contents in Chocolate and Cocoa Samples Sold in Kurdistan Region.","authors":"Srwa Ramadhan Hamza, Sazan Mumtaz Haidar Alhaidary, Hijran Sanaan Jabbar","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chocolate and cocoa are widely consumed products valued globally for their intricate sensory profiles and potential physiological benefits. Their chemical composition exhibits substantial variation, contingent upon both the specific type of chocolate and the processing techniques employed in its production.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research investigates the nutritional parameters and trace metal content in various chocolate and cocoa products sold in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, to assess trace metal content and safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 18 samples-including dark, milk, and white chocolates as well as raw cocoa products were analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals. Trace metal analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Daily intake estimates were calculated based on realistic consumption patterns (5-30 g/day).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dark chocolate exhibited protein concentrations two to three times higher than milk chocolate varieties (5.64-6.80 g/100g versus 3.02-5.40 g/100g), while maintaining significantly lower carbohydrate content (48.81-57.01 g/100g compared to 64.71-78.34 g/100g). Cocoa products demonstrated exceptional mineral density, particularly magnesium (4152-5432 mg/kg), representing three- to fourfold higher concentrations than finished chocolate products. While absolute heavy metal concentrations in several samples approached or marginally exceeded regulatory limits for cadmium (0.80 mg/kg, European Commission) and lead (0.10 mg/kg, Codex Alimentarius), estimated daily exposures remained well below provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) limits, representing less than 15% of safety thresholds for all metals analyzed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although product-level heavy metal concentrations occasionally approached regulatory thresholds, actual consumer exposure under realistic serving sizes remained within safe limits. This dual finding highlights the importance of both regulatory compliance monitoring and consumer education regarding appropriate serving sizes. This study establishes baseline contamination data for the Kurdistan Region, supporting evidence-based regulatory development and consumer protection strategies.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Dark chocolate showed higher protein and lower carbohydrates than milk chocolate. ICP-OES detected heavy metals near regulatory limits, yet daily exposure remained within safe thresholds, establishing the first baseline dataset for Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147701400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Food and Feed by Enhanced Matrix Removal LC-MS/MS Method: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2025.11.","authors":"Limian Zhao, Matthew Giardina, Emily Parry, M Lorna De Leoz","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AOAC INTERNATIONAL SMPRs® 2023.003 outlines method performance requirements for the determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across a broad range of food and feed matrices.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to develop and validate the EMR LC-MS/MS method in accordance with AOAC INTERNATIONAL SMPR 2023.003 using a single-laboratory approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The method features QuEChERS extraction followed by a novel enhanced matrix removal (EMR) mixed-mode passthrough cleanup, an online injection program, sensitive LC-MS/MS detection, and accurate, precise quantitation using neat calibration curves with isotopically labelled internal standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Method performance was evaluated for suitability and selectivity, calibration linearity, limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery and repeatability, and the method was successfully validated in a single laboratory validation (SLV) across 16 diverse food matrixes, encompassing all 11 required food categories. Acceptable PFAS background cleanliness was demonstrated, supporting accurate and reliable quantitation in all food matrixes.Validated or calculated LOQs for all analytes across all food matrices were equal or below the required LOQs, with an exception rate of < 1%. Recovery and single laboratory repeatability also satisfied the acceptance criteria specified in the AOAC SMPR guideline, again with an exception rate of < 1%. Method selectivity was confirmed through baseline separation of cholic acid interferences from PFOS isomers and through secondary confirmation of PFBA and PFPeA using LC-QTOF analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The EMR LC-MS/MS method met all performance criteria, supporting its advancement as a First Action AOAC Official Method of AnalysisTM (OMA) 2025.11 (1).</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A novel EMR LC-MS/MS method was developed and successfully validated for the determination of 30 PFAS analytes across a wide range of food and feed matrices, fulfilling the requirements of AOAC SMPR 2023.003.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and greenness evaluation of TLC and HPLC methods for analysis of nitroxynil, clorsulon, and benzyl alcohol in Flulock® veterinary injectable formulation.","authors":"Nehal F Farid, Ebtehal S Bahgat, Amira M Hegazy, Rehab M Abdelfatah","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitroxynil and clorsulon are commonly co-formulated in veterinary injectable formulations, where benzyl alcohol is used as a preservative, necessitating selective and reliable analytical methods for their simultaneous determination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate sensitive, selective, and eco-friendly TLC and HPLC methods for the simultaneous determination of nitroxynil, clorsulon, and benzyl alcohol in their pharmaceutical formulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TLC separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates using a mobile phase of ethyl acetate-ammonia-methanol (9.5:0.5:0.05, by volume), with densitometric detection at 254 nm. The HPLC method employed a C8 column with gradient elution using 3 mM tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (pH 6.3) and a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol, with UV detection at 215 nm. Method validation was conducted in accordance with ICH guidelines. Greenness assessment was performed using MoGAPI, AGREE, and BAGI tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TLC method showed linearity over concentration ranges of 0.5-3.5 and 0.2-2 µg/band for nitroxynil and clorsulon, respectively, with correlation coefficients of 0.9996 and 0.9994. The HPLC method exhibited linearity over ranges of 1-24 and 1-21 µg/mL for the respective drugs. Both methods demonstrated high precision, accuracy, selectivity, and reproducibility, enabling effective separation of the analytes in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Greenness evaluation confirmed the low environmental impact of the proposed methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed TLC and HPLC methods are reliable, accurate, and environmentally sustainable for the simultaneous determination of nitroxynil, clorsulon, and benzyl alcohol in veterinary injectable formulations.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Simultaneous determination of nitroxynil, clorsulon, and benzyl alcohol; validated TLC-densitometric and HPLC methods; successful application to Flulock® veterinary injectable formulation; high accuracy, precision, and selectivity; greenness evaluated using MoGAPI, AGREE, and BAGI tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SureFast® Listeria 3plex ONE Kit and the SureFast® PREP Bacteria Kit in a Variety of Foods and Environmental Samples: Multi-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2025.04.","authors":"Kateland M Lanzit, M Joseph Benzinger, Benjamin Bastin, Erin Crowley, Patricia Meinhardt, Sara Altmeyer, Svetlana Woitkowiak, Caroline Knoll, Martin Mehl","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SureFast® Listeria 3plex ONE Kit uses the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for multiplex detection of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes in foods and environmental samples. The SureFast® Listeria 3plex ONE Kit can also be used with the SureFast® PREP Bacteria Kit to provide a second DNA extraction option and can be analyzed on multiple thermocyclers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The kit was evaluated using 25 g test portions in an unpaired study design for a single matrix, ready-to-eat smoked deli turkey as part of a harmonized validation protocol with MicroVal Certification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The matrix was compared to the International Organization for Standardization Technical (ISO) 11290-1:21017 reference standard. 17 participants from 16 laboratories, located within Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United States were solicited for the multi-laboratory validation (MLV), with only 10 participants submitting data. Three levels of contamination were evaluated: an uninoculated control level (0 colony forming units (CFU)/test portion), a low inoculum level (0.2-2 CFU/test portion) and a high inoculum level (2-10 CFU/test portion). Statistical analysis was conducted according to the Probability of Detection (POD) statistical model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results obtained for the low inoculum level test portions produced a dLPOD value with 95% confidence interval of -0.01 (-0.04, 0.02). The dLPOD results indicate equivalence between the candidate method and reference method for the matrix evaluated and the method demonstrated acceptable multi-laboratory reproducibility as determined in the MLV. False positive and false negative rates were determined for the matrix and produced values of 0.0% and 0.8% respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the data generated, the method demonstrated equivalence to the ISO reference method in a MLV study.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The SureFast ONE 3plex method is a rapid and reliable alternative for the multiplex detection of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes in a broad range of foods and environmental surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}