Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"A Generic Approach for Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of Aflatoxins and Pesticide Residues in Rice by LC-MS/MS: Single Laboratory Validation.","authors":"Dasharath P Oulkar, Ravinder Goyal, Ujjwal Sharma, Sunil Singh, Satyen Kumar Panda","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemical residues in rice require highly sensitive analytical methods to verify compliance with stringent residue limits. In addition to pesticide residues, aflatoxins are critical contaminants due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a simple, generic LC-MS/MS workflow for simultaneous screening and quantification of pesticide residues and aflatoxins in rice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were extracted using a modified QuEChERS EN 15662:2018 procedure with acidified acetonitrile, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup. Analysis was performed using a UHPLC coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QQQ) with heated electrospray ionization in time-scheduled selected reaction monitoring mode. Method performance was assessed in accordance with SANTE guidance using matrix-matched calibration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized LC-MS/MS method demonstrated many transitions with polarity switching while maintaining acceptable chromatographic peak quality and selectivity. Acidified extraction improved the response by 3- 5-fold for the selected analytes. The method achieved LOQs of 0.0005 mg/kg for pesticides and aflatoxins. Calibration was linear over 0.0005-0.050 mg/kg for pesticides and 0.0002-0.010 mg/kg (0.2 -10 µg/kg) for aflatoxins, with R² ≥ 0.99 and residuals within ±20%. Recoveries for all target analytes were within 70- 120%, with precision ≤20% RSD at the evaluated spike levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed single-extraction LC-MS/MS workflow is selective, sensitive, accurate, and suitable for the simultaneous high-throughput determination of pesticide residues and aflatoxins in rice. The method meets SANTE criteria for pesticides, complies with the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2782 for aflatoxins, and complies with FSSAI and EU MRLs/MLs for rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Catalysis Based on ZnFe2O4/BSN-rGO Nanoparticles for Chlorogenic Acid Detection.","authors":"Hua Chen, Hehua Zhang, Xin Gu, Hongzhi Pan","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a plant-derived phenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Accurate quantification is essential due to its therapeutic value and potential toxicity at high doses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a rapid, sensitive electrochemical method for CGA detection using spinel-based catalysts with improved conductivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electrochemical sensing platform was constructed based on a nanocomposite of ZnFe2O4 and boron, sulfur, and nitrogen co-doped reduced graphene oxide (BSN-rGO). This hybrid material effectively addresses the intrinsic poor conductivity of spinel oxides by leveraging the synergistic effect between the catalytic activity of ZnFe2O4 and the superior charge transport capability of BSN-rGO. The resulting sensor enabled rapid and quantitative analysis of CGA within 2 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensor showed a linear detection range of 1 × 10-4 -1 × 10-1 M and a low detection limit of 1 × 10-6 M (S/N = 3). Adding standard recovery reached 97.48 to 100.75%, with RSDs of 1.02 to 2.95%, indicating excellent accuracy and reproducibility in complex matrixes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed method enables rapid and reliable CGA detection in natural products, offering potential for pharmaceutical and food analysis.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>BSN-rGO integration enhances spinel conductivity and boosts electrochemical sensing performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"680-687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Label-Free Optical Biosensor Based on Ordered Porous Layer Interferometry for IgG Quantification in Milk.","authors":"Yuxin Zhai, Lu Wang, Dongmin Zhao, Huili Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Zhiping Lin, Weiping Qian","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in milk are critical indicators of dairy quality. Conventional measurement methods require labeling and complex sample pretreatment, limiting their practical use for real-time monitoring.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a label-free optical biosensor based on ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI) for the rapid quantification of IgG in milk at different processing stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Test portions were directly applied to the flow tank, where protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was immobilized as a functional ligand via chemical conjugation. Conditions for ligand immobilization, flow rate, contact time, and sensor regeneration were optimized to minimize nonspecific binding and enhance accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OPLI biosensor demonstrated a linear quantification range of 0.44 μg/mL to 5 mg/mL, with a limit of quantification of 0.44 μg/mL. This dynamic range effectively covers the IgG content from raw milk to finished milk. The method showed high reproducibility, with an instrumental response relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.05% and an average RSD of 12.1% across batches. The biosensor was successfully applied throughout raw milk and final milk production, facilitating IgG calibration for consumer milk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OPLI-based biosensor offers a sensitive, real-time and wide-range analytical method for IgG analysis, enabling effective quality control in dairy production.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The study developed a label-free biosensor for IgG detection in milk, with a linear quantification range of 0.44 μg/mL to 5 mg/mL and high reproducibility. The biosensor is applicable across all stages of dairy production for IgG quality assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"813-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Determination Method for Residual Colistin A/B in Edible Meats and Milk by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Takayuki Nakajima, Chieko Nagano, Hiroki Okubo, Hiroshi Koike, Yumi Ohba","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic serving as a crucial \"last-resort\" agent against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a reliable analytical method for the determination of colistin A and B residues in food matrixes using LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Test portions were extracted with methanol-water (1 + 1) under hydrochloric acid-acidified conditions, followed by a secondary extraction with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The extracts were cleaned using a weak cation-exchange (WCX) cartridge, and chromatographic separation was performed on a biphenyl column with gradient elution, followed by LC-MS/MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed method produced sharp and symmetrical peaks for colistin A and B, with no significant matrix effects (ME). Recoveries ranged from 81 to 105.9% across all analytes and matrixes, and both repeatability and reproducibility met the target criteria specified in the Japanese guidelines for method validation. The LOQs were 20 ng/g in bovine and swine muscles for colistin A and 10 ng/g for others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An LC-MS/MS method was established for quantitative determination of colistin A and B residues in food matrixes. The validation results met all performance criteria of the Japanese guidelines, confirming that the method provides reliable and precise measurements suitable for food residue monitoring.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Reliable quantification of colistin residues was achieved using three distinct retention modes, enabling reliable monitoring of residues in foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"712-719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147380051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Seven Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals, AOAC Official Method 2025.08, First Action.","authors":"David Ellingson, Sean Austin, Thierry Bénet, Denis Cuany, Mark Damkot, Amber Wilcox","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as ingredients in infant formula requires that suitable methods are available for their determination. Three methods were proposed to AOAC INTERNATIONAL for this analysis. Of the three, two methods (AOAC Methods 2022.02 and 2022.07) were essentially based on the same approach.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct multi-laboratory testing with the consolidated method from AOAC Methods 2022.02 and 2022.07 for analysis of HMOs in infant formula and adult nutritionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The optimal procedural steps and settings were taken from each method to provide a method that uses ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) derivatization followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and fluorescence detection for quantitative analysis of seven HMOs in infant formula and adult nutritionals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A summary of the method parameters selected from each method along with reasoning is provided, as well as a comparison study of the previous methods. The data demonstrated that results do not differ from those of the previous methods, supporting appropriate trueness. The data also suggest the precision of the new method is likely comparable to the parent methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method was reviewed by the AOAC Expert Review Panel on Nutrients and it was determined that the method provided trueness to the previous methods, and additional data will be collected within the multi-laboratory testing to further support precision.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The method was granted AOAC First Action Official MethodsSM status.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"752-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cold-Active β-Galactosidase from Kimchi-Derived Latilactobacillus sakei J15: Enzyme Properties and Probiotic Potential.","authors":"Ruya Tan, Enze Zhang, Yaxuan Li, Danli Wang, Tinglan Yuan, Gongshuai Song, Jinyan Gong, Ling Li","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latilactobacillus sakei (Lb. sakei) which isolated from various fermented foods could adapted under low-temperature conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the potential probiotic properties of Lb. sakei J15, a strain isolated from kimchi that exhibits high β-galactosidase activity at low temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The growth characteristics of Lb. sakei J15 under different temperatures, salt concentrations, and carbon sources were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These results showed that Lb. sakei J15 exhibited the highest β-galactosidase activity (789.31 mU/mg) at a low temperature (15°C), along with high survival rates under acidic (pH 3.0) and bile salt (0.3%) conditions, reaching 91.5% and 66.0%, respectively. Additionally, Lb. sakei J15 demonstrated strong tolerance in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion system, with survival rates of 63% after 3 h of gastric digestion and 47% after 8 h of intestinal digestion. The strain also exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging rates of 43% and 71.9%, respectively, as well as a high auto-aggregation ability (96.1%). Furthermore, Lb. sakei J15 effectively utilized fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) as carbon sources. It also showed high lysozyme tolerance (93.7% survival rate) and displayed no hemolytic activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, Lb. sakei J15 showed potential as a starter culture for low-temperature dairy fermentation.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Lb. sakei J15 has potential probiotc effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"781-788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enumeration of Heat-Treated Probiotics in Functional Beverages.","authors":"Sara Arroyo-Moreno, Gonzalo Saiz-Gonzalo, Orlaith O'Connell, Shima Joy, Linda Carroll, Barry Moran, Seamus McSweeney, Sinéad B Bleiel","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thermal processing of functional beverages often drives probiotics into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, causing severe underestimation by conventional colony-forming unit (CFU) assays.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and assess an anaerobic, catalase-assisted resuscitation approach that restores culturability of heat-stressed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and aligns CFU counts with actual viable populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dairy beverages (95°C, 30 s; 2 × 106 cells/mL, pH 3.9) containing encapsulated L. rhamnosus GG were incubated at 37°C for 16 h in Rogosa/MRS broth supplemented with 50-100 U/mL catalase under anaerobic conditions before plating. Recovery was benchmarked against flow cytometry (active fluorescent units AFU), whereas pH and glucose monitoring confirmed resuscitation rather than growth. Method performance was examined across three production batches (single-laboratory study) and further evaluated in a multilaboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct plating yielded no CFU, whereas flow cytometry detected 6.34 ± 0.04 log10 AFU/g. After resuscitation, CFU recovered to 6.05 ± 0.05 log10/g (CFU/AFU ratio = 0.86 ± 0.03; P = 0.12). Omitting catalase or anaerobiosis reduced recovery by >1.9 log10 CFU/g. CFU restoration occurred without acidification or glucose depletion, confirming true resuscitation. Single-laboratory reproducibility showed CV < 2%; interlaboratory reproducibility was <15% RSD. Application to heat-treated milk (pH 6.85) yielded 1.74 × 106 CFU/g (CV 15.9%, n = 4), supporting method suitability across other dairy beverages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The catalase-assisted, anaerobic resuscitation developed protocol provides a reproducible workflow for probiotic enumeration in heat-treated beverages. The method is compatible with AOAC/ISO standards, addresses underestimation of counts, and supports adoption into quality control (QC) laboratories for accurate probiotic labeling.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Heat-stressed L. rhamnosus GG cells recovered culturability when incubated with catalase under anaerobic conditions, restoring CFU counts to AFU-equivalent levels and confirming true resuscitation rather than growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"763-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) From Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES).","authors":"Esha G Sachdev, Ghazal A Khan","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) readily accumulates potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from soil. PTE exposure is linked to cancer, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Non-intoxicating hemp products in New Jersey are not subject to mandatory PTE testing, posing a consumer safety risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study presents a single-laboratory validation of an ICP OES method for the determination of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in hemp, evaluated against AOAC SMPR 2020.001 performance criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ground hemp (0.125 g) was digested using HNO3/HCl/H2O2 (190°C, 20 min) and diluted to 50 mL. Samples were analyzed on an Agilent 5800 ICP OES with a seven-point calibration (1-100 μg/L), Au/Sc internal standards, and KHP carbon for matrix matching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spike recoveries for Cd (92.7%) and Pb (96.2%) met AOAC SMPR 2020.001 criteria (80-115%). Mercury recovery (47%) fell below acceptance limits due to matrix suppression and volatility losses. The As LOD (0.807 μg/g) exceeded sample concentrations in most specimens. LOQ values for all four elements exceeded the SMPR 2020.001 threshold of 10 µg/kg (0.01 µg/g). Calibration linearity was confirmed for all analytes (r ≥ 0.995).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Partial validation was achieved: Cd and Pb demonstrated acceptable accuracy and repeatability, but LOQ criteria were not met for any analyte. ICP OES is not suitable for Hg or As at regulatory trace levels; ICP MS is recommended for these elements. This method offers a cost-effective screening tool for Cd and Pb in hemp.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This study presents the first single-laboratory ICP OES validation for PTEs in hemp under AOAC SMPR 2020.001. Cd and Pb met accuracy and repeatability criteria; As and Hg did not meet sensitivity requirements. ICP MS is recommended for regulatory As and Hg testing in hemp.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"797-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing PFAS Analysis Through Scientific Publication.","authors":"Kai Zhang, Mengliang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"655-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Products by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), AOAC Official Method 2025.07, First Action.","authors":"Toshiya Matsubara, Yusuke Mizuno, Eishi Imoto, Nozomi Maeshima, Manami Kobayashi, Okiyuki Kunihiro, William Lipps","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated organic chemicals, which include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). PFAS are persistent and bioaccumulate. PFAS can enter the food supply through plants and animals grown, raised, or processed in contaminated areas.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted for a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine 30 PFAS in a variety of foods, including produce, coffee, milk, protein powders, eggs, seafood, fish meat, edible offal, fish oil, baby food, and pet food, and to compare with AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2023.003.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Matrixes were extracted using acetonitrile and QuEChERS reagents and then purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and concentrated under nitrogen. Fish meat did not require concentration under nitrogen, and fish oil and edible offal did not require QuEChERS reagents and sample concentration to reach the required limit of quantitation (LOQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LC-MS/MS system provides linear responses in the range of 0.01-25 μg/kg for most target analytes, depending on the matrix. Triplicate determinations over at least three spiking concentrations were made in each matrix with quantitation by isotopic dilution. We evaluated recovery, precision, retention time, blanks, ion ratios, and signal-to-noise ratio of the qualifier ions in all matrixes to determine the LOQ. Potential interference from cholic acids were separated chromatographically.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method developed and validated for the analysis of PFAS in food met the LOQ and recovery and precision requirements of the SMPR.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The LC-MS/MS method developed uses a single set of operating conditions, enabling easy and rapid transfer of the method. The extraction is simplified, with only small variations necessary due to the sample matrix. The implementation of this method is cost-effective to laboratories due to minimal solvent usage and labor required to extract samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"695-711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}