Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Talc in Polypropylene on Total Fluorine Measurements Used as an Indicator of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).","authors":"Greg W Curtzwiler, Sarah A Applegate, Mark R Early, Katie M Updegraff, Keith L Vorst","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing restrictions for chemicals of concern in plastic packaging materials have created an urgent need to accurately detect and quantify these chemicals. Total fluorine measurements have been utilized to screen for highly scrutinized per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in food packaging materials. Inorganic contributions to the total fluorine signal can result in false positive signals exceeding regulatory limits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to develop a method for determining the contribution of talc inorganic filler to the total fluorine signal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The influence of talc on total fluorine measurements of plastics was evaluated by compounding talc with virgin polypropylene (PP) and then measuring the total fluorine concentration using oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion ion chromatography. This study provides a framework to predict the contribution of talc in plastic samples to the total fluorine signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method was developed by employing the full width half height (FWHH) of the interstitial fluorine characteristic band of talc. The FWHH signal of the processed puck specimens was determined to be linearly increase with the measured total fluorine difference as a function of talc concentration (R2 = 0.9619).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study developed a method to predict the contribution of talc fillers to the total fluorine signal of plastic samples. This method is critical for accurately determining the regulatory compliance of talc-filled plastic samples for PFAS using total fluorine.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Total fluorine is a common regulatory compliance technique as an indicator of PFAS. Talc is a common plastic filler that contains fluorine as a contaminant. The fluorine in talc contributes to the total fluorine signal, which can falsely elevate the total fluorine signal, potentially resulting in the lack of regulatory compliance. The developed method serves as a framework of how to identify the fluorine contribution of inorganic fillers in plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Peel Plate Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) Test for Enumeration of S. aureus in Selected Foods and Non-Cultured Dairy Products: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 082401.","authors":"Robert S Salter, Gregory W Durbin, Sherita Li, McGaughren Gilbert, Erin S Crowley, Andrew Deterding, Benjamin Bastin","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The microbial testing platform, Peel Plate™, was developed with Baird Parker ingredients for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) specificity. After rehydrating with 1 mL of the diluted food sample, Peel Plate SA is incubated for 24-48 h at 35-37°C and observed for purple colonies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A validation study was performed to evaluate Peel Plate SA for enumeration of SA in selected foods and non-cultured dairy products for Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) certification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peel Plate SA was evaluated in inclusivity/exclusivity and matrix studies, product consistency and stability studies, and robustness testing. Non-fat dried milk, frozen raw cod fish, corned beef, frozen raw vegetables, potato salad, vegetable soup, frozen unshelled raw shrimp, and baby food (apple, cinnamon, and granola) were evaluated in the matrix studies comparing Peel Plate SA to US and international reference methods. Three levels of contamination along with non-inoculated controls were tested for each matrix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peel Plate SA detected 49 of 50 SA isolates tested. Of the 38 exclusivity species tested, none were detected. In the matrix studies, the Peel Plate SA results were determined to be equivalent to the reference method results by paired statistical analysis. In an accelerated stability study, the shelf-life of Peel Plate SA was shown to be stable for 12 months. Equivalence was demonstrated between different production lots. Small changes to critical test parameters did not significantly affect the Peel Plate SA results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peel Plate SA is a ready-to-use method for enumeration of SA in a variety of foods and non-cultured dairy products. As with reference methods, Peel Plate SA colonies should be isolated and confirmed with differentiation tests such as catalase and strong coagulase positive.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The data were reviewed by the PTM Program and certification was granted for the Peel Plate SA method PTM 082401.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"279-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Cronobacter spp. in Tropical Seafood From Mumbai, India: Comparative Study of Isolation Media and PCR Detection.","authors":"Deeksha Bharti, Manjusha Lekshmi, Sanath H Kumar, Binaya Bhusan Nayak","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cronobacter species are opportunistic emerging pathogens associated with diverse foods of plant and animal origin. Considering the diversity of the Cronobacter group of bacteria and their co-existence with closely related Enterobacterales in the aquatic environment, their isolation from fish and shellfish is a challenge.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Cronobacter in finfish, shellfish, and dried fish, and to compare nine combinations of enrichment broth-selective isolation media for efficient isolation of Cronobacter spp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five seafood samples collected from five different retail markets were subjected to multiple selective-enrichment methods to isolate Cronobacter, which were presumptively identified by biochemical tests followed by confirmation with genus- and species-specific PCRs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 75 seafood samples analyzed, 24 (32%) were positive for Cronobacter spp. The highest incidence was in dried fish (21 samples, 47.72%), followed by 19 (43.18%) fresh finfish and four (9.09%) shellfish samples. Forty-four isolates from these samples were identified as Cronobacter spp. by PCR. Species-specific PCR further categorized these as C. sakazakii (25), C. malonaticus (16), and C. turicensis (1), while two isolates remained unidentified at species level. Enrichment in Cronobacter screening broth or Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) medium, followed by isolation on chromogenic Cronobacter sakazakii agar was found to be the most effective combination for the isolation of Cronobacter spp. from seafood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dried fish is an important reservoir of C. sakazakii owing to its desiccation tolerance and absence of competing microbiota in dried fish. Although C. sakazakii is the only known pathogen among Cronobacter spp., improved and specific methods to identify diverse members of this genus are needed.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus are predominant in tropical seafood. RV with chromogenic CS agar is the most efficient isolation medium for Cronobacter. Specificity of existing PCRs is limited to C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus only. Genus- and species-specific PCRs enhance Cronobacter identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Enzytec™ Liquid Combi Sucrose/D-Glucose for Enzymatic Determination of Sucrose and D-Glucose in Selected Foods and Beverages: First Action 2024.05.","authors":"Markus Lacorn, Thomas Hektor","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sucrose is produced in the greatest quantity of all industrially produced organic substances and can be used in almost all processed foods. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide and contained in many foodstuffs naturally or added as an ingredient.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To validate the performance of the Enzytec™ Liquid Combi Sucrose/D-Glucose test kit for the determination of sucrose and D-glucose in juices, chocolate, breakfast cereals, ice cream, sweetened condensed milk, wine, beer, and soft drinks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The kit contains all reagents in a ready-to-use format and is suitable for automation. Sucrose is cleaved by β-fructosidase. The resulting D-glucose from sucrose and glucose originally in the sample are phosphorylated and react in a NADH-generating reaction afterwards. β-Fructosidase is not present in the glucose system. The amount of NADH produced is equivalent to the amounts of sucrose and D-glucose and is measured at 340 nm within 30 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The linear measurement range for a 100 µL test volume is from 17 to 2500 mg/L sucrose and 4 to 2000 mg/L D-glucose. Trueness was checked by using four Certified Reference Materials (CRM) and resulted in recoveries from 96 to 105%. Spiking of juices, ice cream, sweetened condensed milk, and shandy resulted in recoveries between 98 and 106% for both systems. Intermediate precision was 3% or lower for sucrose and glucose. For automation, three applications with different test volumes were validated. Linearity is given from 3.8 to 9500 mg/L for sucrose and 2.4 up to 10000 mg/L for glucose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method is robust and accurate for manual and automated applications. The method was approved as an AOAC Official Method of Analysis℠.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The ready-to-use components of the test kit have a shelf of at least 29 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"151-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Level 2 Modification for the Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium Method for Detection of the Monophasic Variant Salmonella enterica  1,4,[5],12:-:1,2. AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 122302.","authors":"Quynh-Nhi Le, Vanessa Tsuhako, Mark Mozola","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium (MDA2-SE/ST) method, Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) 122302, is a nucleic acid amplification test for specific detection of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST), including the ST monophasic variant Salmonella enterica  1,4,[5],12: i:-, in select poultry samples. Results for SE and ST are generated separately.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to validate the MDA2-SE/ST method for detection of an additional monophasic variant of ST, S. enterica  1,4,[5],12:-:1,2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single strain of S. enterica  1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 was tested as part of a seven-strain inclusivity/exclusivity test panel. Strains were tested after growth in two enrichment media used in the method, buffered peptone water (BPW) and buffered peptone water, ISO formulation (BPW-ISO), and at two incubation temperatures, 35 ± 2°C and 41.5 ± 1°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S. enterica  1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 produced positive results in the ST assay and negative results in the SE assay in both enrichment media and at both incubation temperatures. Results for the other six test strains were as expected under all conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MDA2-SE/ST method can detect the monophasic variant S. enterica  1,4,[5],12:-:1,2 as well as S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and the monophasic variant S. enterica  1,4,[5],12: i:-. The MDA2-SE/ST method maintains inclusiveness for S. enterica ser. Typhimurium despite flagellar antigen variation.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The data were reviewed by the AOAC PTM Program and approval was granted for modification of the MDA2-SE/ST method, PTM 122302.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"263-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Modified QuEChERS Extraction for the Detection of Rosemary Extracts (E392) Expressed as Sum of Carnosol and Carnosic Acid in Food by LC-MS/MS.","authors":"Yiu-Tung Wong, Tak-Shing Leung, Wai-Hong Fung","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rosemary extracts are derived from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis and commonly employed as a natural food preservative. They serve as natural antioxidants in food, preventing spoilage and extending shelf life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of rosemary extracts in food as the sum of its markers carnosol and carnosic acid.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Carnosol and carnosic acid in food were extracted by a modified QuEChERS extraction after the addition of analyte protectants during extraction and analyzed by LC-MS/MS via an internal standard calibration method. 2,2'-isopropylidienediphenol and podocarpic acid were used as internal standards for carnosol and carnosic acid, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limit of detection (LOD) of carnosol and carnosic acid were all less than 1 mg/kg, while their corresponding values of limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1.44 to 3.12 mg/kg in various matrixes. Spike recoveries at three fortification levels (10, 50, and 300 mg/kg) were all within 90-110% with RSD less than 10% in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A modified QuEChERS extraction with LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of rosemary extracts in food was successfully developed, validated, and demonstrated to be fast, robust, and reliable.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The developed modified QuEChERS extraction with LC-MS/MS detection offered a fast and efficient way to analyze rosemary extracts in various foods during a routine food surveillance program.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"199-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium Method for Specific Detection of Salmonella enterica Ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium in Chicken Carcass Rinse and Raw Ground Chicken: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 122302.","authors":"Quynh-Nhi Le, Toni Bartling, Mark Mozola, Cynthia Zook, Christina Barnes, Brooke Roman, Preetha Biswas, Susan Noe, Robert Donofrio","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium (MDA2-SE/ST) method is a rapid, nucleic acid amplification-based test for specific detection of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST), including the ST monophasic variant Salmonella enterica  1,4, [5], 12: i:-, in select poultry samples. Results for SE and ST are generated separately.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to validate the MDA2-SE/ST method for detection of SE and ST in chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken (325 g) for Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) certification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of inclusivity/exclusivity testing and independent laboratory testing of chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken using inoculated matrixes. Data were analyzed using a paired probability of detection model to determine if differences in the number of positive results obtained with the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods were significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In inclusivity testing, all 50 SE strains produced positive results in the SE assay and negative results in the ST assay. All 53 ST strains (including the monophasic variant) produced positive results in the ST assay and negative results in the SE assay. All 35 exclusivity strains produced negative results in both assays. The exclusivity panel included multiple non-SE group D1  Salmonella serovars, multiple non-ST group B serovars, Salmonella spp. from other somatic groups, and other Enterobacteriaceae. In matrix testing, results for the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods were in complete agreement for both matrixes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of the validation study showed that the MDA2-SE/ST method is an accurate, specific method for detection of SE and ST in select poultry matrixes.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The data were reviewed by the AOAC PTM Program, and approval was granted for certification of the Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium method as PTM 122302.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution MS (nanoLC-HRMS) for the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Fish and Shrimp.","authors":"Sherri B Turnipseed, Christine R Casey, Jessica P Rafson","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A wide-scope screening method for veterinary drugs and other contaminants in aquaculture products using LC high resolution MS (HRMS) was developed previously. Using nanoflow LC could significantly increase the sensitivity of this method.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential advantages of nanoLC- HRMS as a screening method for veterinary drug residues in seafood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Preliminary nanoLC-HRMS investigations included comparison of nanospray source options and evaluation of nanoLC columns, mobile phases, and gradient programs. The optimized method was tested using tissue fortified with a mixture of veterinary drugs and pesticides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using nanoLC columns with integrated emitters provided stable electrospray ionization resulting in chromatographic peaks with reproducible retention times and peak areas; diagnostic MS2 product ions were also detected. Coupling nanoLC to HRMS increased the area counts for many target analytes by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Less concentrated extracts could be analyzed with simplified preparation and minimal ion suppression. Replicate extractions of fortified fish generally gave relative standard deviations under 20%. Most analytes could be identified at concentrations ten-fold less than the target testing levels with detection limits in final extracts corresponding to 0.01-0.02 picograms injected on-column. Acceptable linearity was observed using solvent, matrix-matched and matrix-extracted standard curves. Disadvantages of nanoLC-HRMS included the inability to detect some classes of compounds, i.e., dyes and avermectins, and longer wait times between chromatographic analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant increases in sensitivity were observed with nanoLC-HRMS. Analytical results from fortified fish and shrimp showed the method to be suitable for qualitative screening, analyte identification, and quantification with minimal matrix effects.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A wide variety of veterinary drugs and pesticides could be reproducibly detected and identified in fortified fish and shrimp using nanoLC-HRMS with minimal clean-up. Residues from imported laboratory samples were also detected and identified using this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitation of Usnic Acid from Three Usnea Species, Its Commercial Formulations Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPTLC-MS) and Their Metabolite Profiling Using UPLC-QTof-MSE.","authors":"Kiran Kumar Tatapudi, Siva Bandi, Ramulu Kotta, Vinayaka Kanivebagilu Shankaranarayana, Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam, Katragadda Suresh Babu","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae; lichenized Ascomycetes) is pale grayish-green fruticose lichens, which grow as leafless mini-shrubs and comprise about 360 species. Most of the Usnea species are edible and are utilized in preparation of traditional foods as well as in medicines to combat a wide range of ailments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to quantify usnic acid (UA) in three Usnea spp. (Usnea ghattensis [UG], Usnea orientalis [UO], and Usnea undulata [UU]) using HPTLC-MS. Additionally, chemical profiling of acetone extracts using UPLC-QTof-MSE resulted in the identification of 16 compounds based on their MS/MS fragmentation patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hyphenated techniques, HPTLC-MS, and UPLC-QTof-MSE have been proposed to quantify UA and analyze metabolites in crude extracts qualitatively. This method allowed tentative characterization of metabolites from Usnea spp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantification study showed excellent linearity for UA at 0.25-1 µg/band with a correlation coefficient r2 > 0.99, and the LOD and LOQ were found to be 51.7 and 156.6 ng/band, respectively. Furthermore, UPLC-QTof-MSE analysis of crude extracts led to identification of lichen secondary metabolites through their exact molecular masses and MS/MS fragmentation studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study summarizes an HPTLC method for quantification of UA in three different Usnea spp. Additionally, two herbal formulations containing Usnea spp. as an ingredient, the developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and further UPLC-QTof-MSE analysis facilitated tentative characterization of 16 different secondary metabolites based on their MS/MS fragmentation patterns.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A rapid HPTLC method for quantification of UA in three different Usnea spp., along with two herbal formulations, and metabolite profiling using UPLC-QTof-MSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level 2 Modification (Matrix Extension) Study of the Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium Method: Detection of Salmonella enterica Ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium in Cooked Breaded Chicken and Raw Ground Chicken (25 g). AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 122302.","authors":"Quynh-Nhi Le, Mark Mozola, Erin Crowley, Andrew Deterding, Brooke Roman","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsae087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2-Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium (MDA2-SE/ST) method is a nucleic acid amplification test for specific detection of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST), including the ST monophasic variant Salmonella enterica  1,4, [5], 12: i:-, in select poultry samples. Results for SE and ST are generated separately. The method was previously validated for testing of chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken (325 g).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to validate the MDA2-SE/ST method for detection of SE and ST in cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g) as a Level 2 modification for Performance Tested MethodSM certification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusivity/exclusivity testing and independent laboratory testing of cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g) were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In inclusivity testing with buffered peptone water (BPW-ISO) broth at 41.5°C, all 50 SE strains produced positive results in the SE assay and negative results in the ST assay. All 53 ST strains (including the monophasic variant) produced positive results in the ST assay and negative results in the SE assay. All 35 exclusivity strains produced negative results in both assays. The exclusivity panel included multiple non-SE group D1  Salmonella serovars, multiple non-ST group B serovars, Salmonella spp. from other somatic groups, and other Enterobacteriaceae. In matrix testing, there were no significant differences in the number of positive results obtained with the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods by probability of detection analysis at the 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of the matrix extension study showed that the MDA2-SE/ST method is an accurate method for detection of SE and ST in cooked breaded chicken and raw ground chicken (25 g).</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Validation of the MDA2-SE/ST method for two additional matrixes provides users with additional capability for specific detection of SE and ST in poultry products.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"269-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}