JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Use of MALDI-TOF to identify cryopreserved mastitis pathogens collected from 2003 to 2011 that were originally identified using conventional microbiological methods","authors":"L. de Souza Ferreira ,&nbsp;T. Showemimo ,&nbsp;L.B. Juliano,&nbsp;Z. Rodriguez,&nbsp;P.L. Ruegg","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0711","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For decades, conventional microbiological methods have been used to identify bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. Although these methods are relatively accurate for identification of important mastitis pathogens, all diagnostic tests are imperfect, and as testing technologies advance, widespread use of newer technologies may result in differences in the distribution of etiologies that are identified. As a result, historical research using conventional microbiological methods may not be comparable to results of current studies. The objective of this study was to compare agreement between the original identification of mastitis pathogens from cows enrolled in mastitis studies between 2003 and 2011 with identification of the same isolates using MALDI-TOF. Cryopreserved bacterial isolates (n = 308) that had been recovered from quarter milk samples and originally identified using conventional microbiological techniques were used. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. Among all isolates, 277 were able to be identified using MALDI-TOF, and the overall observed levels of agreement were 86% and 64% for identification at the genus level and genus-species level, respectively. The kappa statistic for agreement between methods at the genus level was substantial at 0.80 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.82) but dropped to 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.66) for agreement at both the genus and species level. For gram-positive isolates, agreement at both the genus level and the genus and species level was substantial. In contrast, for gram-negative isolates, the genus-level agreement was substantial, but agreement at both the genus and species levels was moderate. Our findings suggest substantial agreement between MALDI-TOF and conventional methods for determining genus-level identification, but some discrepancies occur at the species level. These results indicate that historical mastitis research using conventional microbiological methods are comparable at the genus level to current results using MALDI-TOF, but some caution should be applied when making species-level comparisons, especially for gram-negative pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 422-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative effectiveness in genetic gain from genomic selection of candidate dams versus genomic selection of their progeny","authors":"D.P. Berry ,&nbsp;T.B. Murphy","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0705","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to genomically predict the genetic merit of individuals coupled with the widespread availability of sex-sorted semen is causing a paradigm shift in global animal breeding. Many dairy producers wish to minimize the number of surplus dairy-bred calves born and, in turn, maximize the proportion of beef-on-dairy matings. The aim could be to select the number of candidate dams to be just sufficient to generate ample dairy-bred replacement progeny; using this strategy, minimal scope exists for selection within the resulting progeny cohort. However, the strategy of applying most of the selection pressure on the dam (and sire) ignores the contribution of the random segregation of genetic material during gametogenesis. The hypothesis of this study was that too strict selection within the candidate dam population for mating to dairy-sire semen with minimal opportunity for female progeny selection would affect genetic gain relative to generating surplus female progeny from which selection could then be exercised. Deterministic approaches were developed, complemented with simulations, where different intensity of selection in the dam and female progeny cohorts were imposed. Relative to the selection of the top ranking 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of candidate dams based on their genomic evaluation with 60% reliability, no preselection of dams coupled with genomically selecting the top ranking 10% to 50% of the female progeny born (also reliability of 60%) resulted in female progeny that were expected to, on average, have a true breeding value 0.58, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32, and 0.26 genetic SD higher. Benefits also existed from combining genomic selection within the cohort of candidate dams followed by genomic selection within the resulting female progeny. In most cases, herds will seek to generate ∼30% of their herd size as replacement heifers; based on the population parameters used, in such a scenario there is a clear benefit from selecting the top 60% of the candidate dams with the further gains thereafter being relatively small. This study provides the necessary equations to help producers make herd breeding decisions; the actual relative difference among different scenarios depends on the used population parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 345-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating gut permeability in neonatal calves with diarrhea: A case-control study","authors":"Luiza S. Zakia ,&nbsp;Diego E. Gomez ,&nbsp;Michael A. Steele ,&nbsp;Peter D. Constable ,&nbsp;Stephen J. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;David L. Renaud","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this case-control study was to assess gut permeability, measured through Cr-EDTA recovery, in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves. The study was conducted at a commercial calf-rearing facility, where fecal consistency was monitored twice daily. Calves were categorized as diarrheic if they had runny or watery feces, whereas those with normal fecal consistency, neutrophil count, and physical exam findings were considered healthy controls. Gut permeability assessment (Cr-EDTA: 0.1 g/kg BW administered orally 2 h after milk feeding) and blood bacterial culture were performed 24 h after onset of diarrhea. Plasma Cr concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn's post hoc test, were used to compare Cr concentrations between groups. The study included 12 healthy calves and 11 diarrheic calves, with 5 diarrheic calves having bacteremia. Diarrheic calves had greater median (interquartile range) plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves at 2 h (1.76 [0.92–2.34] mg/L vs. 0.59 [0.48–1.19] mg/L) and 4 h (2.07 [1.57–2.51] mg/L vs. 0.92 [0.77–1.66] mg/L) postadministration, respectively. Both bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves with diarrhea had greater plasma Cr concentrations at 2 h compared with healthy calves (bacteremic: 1.96 [1.76–2.03] mg/L; nonbacteremic: 1.42 [0.78–2.34] mg/L), but there was no difference between bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves. At 4 h postadministration, both bacteremic (2.00 [1.67–2.07] mg/L) and nonbacteremic (2.45 [1.57–3.66] mg/L) diarrheic calves had greater plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves, with no difference observed between bacteremic and nonbacteremic groups. This study suggests an association between diarrhea and increased gut permeability in neonatal calves. Further studies are required to compare gut permeability in a larger cohort of bacteremic and nonbacteremic diarrheic neonatal calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 350-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing antibiotic treatment at dry-off on one quarter versus all quarters in cows with only one quarter affected with a high somatic cell count or an intramammary infection","authors":"P. Silva Boloña ,&nbsp;A. Valldecabres ,&nbsp;C. Clabby ,&nbsp;P. Dillon","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0674","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate, on cows with only one quarter affected at dry-off with an IMI, a high SCC (&gt;200,000 cells/mL), or both, the impact of treating with an antibiotic plus internal teat sealant only the quarter affected (treating unaffected quarters with teat sealant alone; SelectAB) versus all quarters (AllAB) on subsequent lactation SCC (analyzed as log₁₀ transformed SCC) and IMI (odds of cure [i.e., affected quarter at dry-off but not at calving]; and odds of healthy [i.e., not affected at dry-off and calving]). Ninety-six multiparous cows from 3 research herds were randomly assigned to SelectAB or AllAB. Linear and logistic regression mixed models were used for data analysis. Cows assigned to AllAB had a 0.15 units lower log₁₀ SCC (95% CI = −0.19 to −0.11 log points) through the full subsequent lactation compared with SelectAB cows. The odds of cure for an affected quarter were similar for AllAB and SelectAB cows (odds ratio = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.27–2.20), but cows under AllAB had higher odds of having a healthy quarter shortly after calving compared with SelectAB cows (odds ratio = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.21–6.73). In conclusion, a reduced rate of healthy quarters (i.e., increased new infections any time from dry-off to shortly after calving), especially in quarters treated with internal teat sealant alone within an udder with one quarter affected with IMI, high SCC, or both at dry-off, may be a major barrier for the implementation of a quarter-based dry-off treatment approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can't colostrum do? Exploring the effects of supplementing colostrum after the first day of life: A narrative review*","authors":"David L. Renaud ,&nbsp;Michael A. Steele","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0708","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this narrative review is to explore the nontraditional uses of colostrum in dairy calves beyond the first and second feeding after birth. Colostrum is well established as a crucial component of early life management in dairy calves, providing essential antibodies for passive immunity. However, recent studies suggest that extending colostrum supplementation beyond the initial feedings, as well as incorporating transition milk, can yield benefits for calf health and development. Research indicates that such supplementation may lead to enhancements in gut development, improved health scores, and reduced incidence of diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory disease. Furthermore, recent findings have highlighted colostrum's potential to aid in the recovery from diarrhea and support calves during the weaning phase. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms behind these benefits are still unclear, necessitating further research. Additionally, studies with larger sample sizes and varied housing conditions are needed to fully elucidate colostrum's benefits beyond the first day of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 469-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated infusion of killed Staphylococcus aureus has increasingly negative effects on milk yield and composition","authors":"B.D. Enger,&nbsp;G. Hastings,&nbsp;C.S. Gammariello,&nbsp;M.X.S. Oliveira,&nbsp;K.M. Enger","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0718","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastitis reduces milk yield of affected mammary glands, but the mechanisms that reduce mammary gland productivity are unclear. We previously aimed to develop a reduced milk yield mastitis model via a single sterile intramammary infusion of oyster glycogen but failed to observe milk yield response even when milk SCC spiked greater than 3,000,000 cells/mL. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of repeatedly challenging mammary glands in a split-udder model to determine if duration of immune response would affect milk yields. Four mid-lactation primiparous cows were used. Quarters of a randomly selected udder half were infused with saline (SAL), whereas the quarters of the opposite udder half were infused with 2 billion cfu of formalin-fixed <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (FX-STAPH). Intramammary infusions were repeated every 3 d for 12 d; milk yields and composition were measured at each milking (2×/d). Milk yield, composition, and somatic cell scores were similar between udder half treatments before challenge. After the first challenge, cows only displayed subclinical mastitis, and after repeated challenges, bouts of mild clinical mastitis resulted. Somatic cell scores of FX-STAPH udder halves were greater than SAL udder halves at all postchallenge milkings. Milk fat content was unaffected by udder half treatment. Conversely, FX-STAPH udder halves had greater overall mean protein content and lesser lactose content than SAL udder halves. Milk yield of FX-STAPH udder halves were lower than that of SAL udder halves, and the magnitude of depression increased with study duration. Similarly, milk component treatment differences became more pronounced after repeated challenges. The results of this study indicate that the duration of somatic cell count elevation during subclinical or mild clinical mastitis affects the degree of milk compositional change and yield loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 444-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of drivers of Listeria environmental monitoring programs in small- and medium-sized dairy processing plants","authors":"Caroline Motzer,&nbsp;Aljosa Trmcic,&nbsp;Nicole Martin,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann,&nbsp;Samantha Bolten","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0692","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small- and medium-sized dairy processing plants (SMDPP) may face unique challenges, such as limited financial resources, when implementing <em>Listeria</em> environmental monitoring programs (EMP). To better understand what drives investment in <em>Listeria</em> EMP, 9 SMDPP, which had previously participated in an ∼1-yr longitudinal study focused on implementing <em>Listeria</em> EMP, completed a questionnaire regarding their EMP-associated costs. This questionnaire was used to obtain each plant's (1) self-reported product value (i.e., estimated total value of finished product [ETVFP] in a plant at any given time) and other EMP-associated costs (e.g., corrective action costs), as well as (2) perceived ability to control pathogens in their processing environment. Additionally, we used a predefined rubric to assess each SMDPP's commitment to their <em>Listeria</em> EMP; these data were used to obtain a “food safety culture score” out of 225 possible points. Overall, a wide range of total EMP investments ($1,186.96–$55,530.58) and food safety culture scores (56 out of 225 to 222 out of 225) were reported across plants. Linear regression analysis identified that predictor variables of plant size, overall environmental <em>Listeria</em> prevalence during the EMP implementation period, ETVFP, and food safety culture score were not significantly associated with the outcome of the total amount of money that plants spent on their <em>Listeria</em> EMP (i.e., their total EMP investment). Although small, our study suggests that SMDPP's financial investments in <em>Listeria</em> EMP may be influenced by other external factors or factors not related to food safety, such as owners' gut feelings, beliefs, and attitudes. To address this, we recommend that food safety training and educational programs for small and medium food businesses include coverage of food safety–related business risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spore levels in bulk tank organic raw milk and whole milk powder are reduced by udder hair singeing","authors":"Zoe D. Wasserlauf-Pepper ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Weachock ,&nbsp;Christina M. Geary ,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann ,&nbsp;Nicole H. Martin","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0734","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Routine removal of udder hair through singeing or clipping is a farm management practice that is often used with the intention of reducing SCC and mastitis caused by environmental pathogens. Udder hair removal was also recently identified as a factor of importance for the level of bacterial spores in certified organic bulk tank raw milk. Sporeforming bacteria form resistant endospores, or spores, that allow the organisms to survive harsh environmental conditions, including high temperatures, low moisture, exposure to chemicals, and other conditions that would otherwise be lethal to the vegetative cell. Due to this resistance, spores that are present in raw milk can survive processing hurdles used in dairy product manufacturing, germinate into vegetative cells, and ultimately cause spoilage and quality deterioration in dairy products including fluid milk, cheese, and products using dairy powders as ingredients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if udder hair removal through singeing reduces the concentration of bacterial spores in certified organic bulk tank raw milk. Four organic dairy farms that had not routinely removed udder hair were recruited, and bulk tank samples were collected before and after a singeing intervention on all lactating dairy cows contributing to the bulk tank. Raw milk samples, as well as whole milk powder manufactured from the raw milk collected before and after the intervention, were assessed for different groups of dairy relevant bacterial spores. A numerical reduction from before to after intervention was observed in the mean raw milk mesophilic spore count, thermophilic spore count, and butyric acid bacteria most probable number, whereas a numerical increase was observed in the mean raw milk total bacteria count and psychrotolerant spore most probable number, although none of these changes were significant. The mean mesophilic spore count and thermophilic spore count in whole milk powder manufactured from pre- and post-intervention raw milk was, however, significantly reduced from 2.46 to 1.58 log₁₀ cfu/g and 1.44 to 1.22 log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively. The results of our study indicate that udder hair removal may aid in reducing key populations of spores found in organic raw milk and resulting dairy powders manufactured from that raw milk, although the small sample size in our study likely affected the significance of our results. Future studies should further investigate the role of udder hair removal on a larger set of organic farms, as well as the downstream impact on spore levels in other manufactured dairy products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 282-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of the dietary inclusion of brewers grains on feed intake, milk yield, and feed efficiency of lactating dairy cows","authors":"S.C. Chelkapally ,&nbsp;T.H. Terrill ,&nbsp;I.M. Ogunade ,&nbsp;Z.M. Estrada-Reyes ,&nbsp;A.A. Pech-Cervantes","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0626","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distillery byproducts such as brewers grains (BG) have been widely used in dairy cow diets for decades to reduce diet costs and improve nutrient efficiency. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the effects of dietary supplementation with BG on feed intake (DMI), digestibility, milk yield (MY), and feed efficiency (FE) of lactating dairy cows. A total of 12 peer-reviewed articles (n = 472 dairy cows) from 1983 to 2021 were collected systematically with the PRISMA method. The weighted raw mean differences (RMD) between dietary BG and control treatments were estimated with a robust variance estimation. Likewise, diet characteristics, such as CP content, NDF content, type of BG (wet = 1 and dry = 2), DIM, and BG inclusion rate (0 to 75%) were used as covariates in a meta-regression, subset, and dose-response analysis. Compared with the control, dietary BG decreased DMI (19.7 vs. 20.2 kg/d) and tended to increase MY (28.9 vs. 28.4 kg/d), but no effects were observed on FCM yield (29.1 vs. 28.8 kg/d), milk fat (3.8 vs. 3.7%), and milk protein (3.2 vs. 3.2%) concentrations. However, dietary BG increased FE (1.45 vs. 1.34 FCM/DMI) without influencing total-tract DM (61.9 vs. 55.7%) and NDF (49.7 vs. 54.5%) digestibility. Increasing the inclusion rate of BG linearly increased (R² = 0. 554) dietary NDF. Thus, the dose-response analysis revealed that feeding up to 20% BG (dietary NDF = 39%) to lactating dairy cows increased MY and FE. Overall, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary BG improved FE in lactating dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 299-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring minds: Understanding the mental states of dairy cattle in different management conditions*","authors":"Heather W. Neave","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0712","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimizing negative and promoting positive emotional states are central to animal welfare. Evaluating these states in dairy cattle under farm conditions is challenging yet vital. This review highlights behavioral (e.g., play, body language), physiological (e.g., heart rate variability, infrared thermography), and cognitive (e.g., judgment bias, flexibility) indicators for assessing emotional states. The selected examples highlight the potential effects of different management conditions on the positive or negative emotional state and cognitive functioning of dairy cattle. Advances in automation have opened avenues for continuous assessment of the mental states of dairy cattle on-farm; this will enable adjustments to management practices to meet individual needs and improve animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 479-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}