JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"The use of ultrasonography in the transition period to estimate adipose tissue depots and their association with risk of early postpartum hyperketonemia in Holstein dairy cattle","authors":"T.A. Westhoff ,&nbsp;M. Rodger ,&nbsp;M. Wieland ,&nbsp;L.A. Harper ,&nbsp;A.J. Stabell ,&nbsp;M.E. Van Althuis ,&nbsp;S. Mann","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0602","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An elevated prepartum BCS is a risk factor for postpartum hyperketonemia (HYK) and elevated nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in dairy cattle. The association between different adipose tissue depots, such as subcutaneous (SCAT) as well as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depots, and HYK and elevated NEFA concentrations remains unknown. The objective of this 2-part study was to describe SCAT and VAT depots using ultrasonography during the transition period and to associate them with metabolic markers of negative energy balance in early postpartum dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study with 2 cohorts in subsequent study years (cohort 1: n = 31; cohort 2: n = 28). At −6, −4, −2, and 2 wk relative to calving (cohort 1) or −2 and 2 wk relative to calving (cohort 2) BCS was determined and cows were examined via transcutaneous ultrasound at 6 locations for prediction of adipose tissue mass in 5 depots: (1) abdominal adipose tissue (AAT), (2) retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT), (3) omental adipose tissue (OMAT), (4) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), and (5) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). Postpartum serum NEFA and BHB concentrations were determined twice weekly from 1 to 14 DIM. Cows were categorized as having HYK or high NEFA concentrations (NEFA_H) if ≥1 sample resulted in a BHB ≥1.2 mmol/L or NEFA ≥720 µEq/L, respectively. Critical thresholds associated with HYK or NEFA_H for each depot at −2 wk relative to calving and the time of maximum estimated depot size were evaluated using logistic regression and a receiver operator characteristic analysis. Abdominal AT increased from −6 to −2 wk relative to calving in cohort 1 but did not differ from −2 to 2 wk relative to calving. Subcutaneous AT did not change from −6 to −2 wk but decreased from −2 to 2 wk relative to calving in cohort 1 and 2. Omental AT accurately (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77) predicted HYK in cohort 1 but was noninformative for the prediction of HYK in cohort 2 (AUC = 0.49). Predicted AT depots were not informative for the prediction of NEFA_H (AUC ≤0.59) in either cohort. Results from this study suggest that AT can be monitored during the transition period using the described technique; however, estimated prepartum AT depots at −2 wk relative to expected calving were inaccurate in distinguishing between postpartum NEFA_H and non-NEFA_H or HYK and non-HYK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus helveticus for industrial processing","authors":"Silvette Ruiz-Ramírez,&nbsp;Rafael Jiménez-Flores","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0563","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a thermostable β-galactosidase from <em>Lactobacillus helveticus</em> OSU-PECh-4A has been isolated through diafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography. The enzyme consists of a heterodimer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa, with a small and large subunit of 36 and 74 kDa, respectively. The Michaelis constant (K_m) and maximum velocity (V_max) values for lactose and <em>o</em>-nitrophenyl-β-<span>d</span>-galactopyranoside (<em>o</em>NPG) hydrolysis were, respectively, 29.87 ± 1.05 m<em>M</em>, 1.88 ± 0.02 μmol <span>d</span>-glucose released per min per mg of protein, and 0.067 ± 0.003 m<em>M</em>, 1.70 ± 0.05 μmol <em>o</em>-nitrophenol (<em>o</em>NP) released per min per mg of protein. This β-galactosidase is significantly activated by Mg⁺² (2–10 m<em>M</em>) and slightly inhibited by <span>d</span>-glucose. The enzyme can also hydrolyze 57 ± 3% of lactose after 12 h of reaction at 45°C and under a high concentration of lactose. We propose that this enzyme provides an important advantage from a practical and consumer point of view due to its origins as a probiotic source and improved features for important industrial applications, such as lactose hydrolysis and the potential to produce galacto-oligosaccharides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141406071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The administration route of indigestible gut permeability markers modulates urinary marker recovery in calves","authors":"C. Barozier ,&nbsp;J.N. Wilms ,&nbsp;J. Echeverry-Munera ,&nbsp;D.J. Seymour ,&nbsp;L.N. Leal","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0616","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indigestible gut permeability markers are used to assess gut integrity and can be administered to calves via a milk meal (MM) or orally pulsed (OP). This study investigated how marker administration route (ADM_R) affects the estimation of gut permeability in relation to milk replacer (MR) fat inclusion. Thirty-two newborn Holstein calves were blocked based on their arrival sequence at the facility. Within each block of 4 calves, calves were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments (n = 16/treatment): a MR high in lactose (HL) and a MR high in fat (HF). During the first 5 d, calves were fed 6.0 L/d followed by 7.0 L/d offered in 2 meals per day at 15% solids. To evaluate gut permeability, indigestible markers (lactulose, <span>d</span>-mannitol, and chromium [Cr]-EDTA) were administered in 2 periods, on Tuesday and Thursday in the third week after arrival. Within each block, calves with different MR treatments were randomly assigned to a different marker ADM_R order: MM in the first period and OP in the second (n = 16) or the opposite order (n = 16). Thus, one block of 4 calves included all combinations of MR and ADM_R. Following marker administration, urine was collected over 2 sampling periods: the first from 0 to 6 h and the second from 6 to 24 h. Measurements included weekly BW and daily MR intake and fecal scoring. Intake, growth, and fecal consistency were not affected by dietary treatments or by ADM_R. The urinary recovery of lactulose was greater in calves fed HF during the 6- to 24-h and the overall 24-h collection period. Consistently, <span>d</span>-mannitol recovery tended to be greater in calves fed HF during the 24-h collection. With OP administration, the urinary recovery of all markers was greater between 0 and 6 h, whereas in the 6- to 24-h period, the recovery of lactose and <span>d</span>-mannitol were lower. Over 24 h of collection, Cr-EDTA recovery was greater with OP. No interaction between ADM_R and MR composition was detected. This suggests that both ADM_R were equivalent in assessing the effects of dietary interventions on gut permeability. However, different ADM_R likely affected the trajectory and time spent by the markers in each segment of the gut.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of poor fluid milk experience on store choice and customer loyalty in online and in-store retail channels","authors":"S. Lau ,&nbsp;M. Wiedmann ,&nbsp;A. Adalja","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0615","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy producers work extensively to ensure quality, but there is limited information on how poor experience with milk affects consumer choice. This study uses an online survey of 725 US consumers to assess how a poor experience with milk affects purchase behavior in different channels. We examine the relationship between product experience and purchase behavior and find that a poor experience is associated with a greater likelihood of switching stores and with lower net promoter scores, suggesting that having high quality milk may improve customer loyalty. This work highlights the important role that perishable food quality plays in retail settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging today's undergraduate students in the field of dairy science with a focus on the female student population","authors":"Grace Lewis","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0647","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dairy industry has profound economic importance, and individuals earning postsecondary degrees within dairy science–related fields are future industry leaders. Yet, enrollment at universities is declining and there is a labor shortage within the dairy industry. The objective of this review article is to highlight current trends within academia, identify some techniques to improve student experiences within higher education, and describe successful education strategies employed within dairy science–related fields. The proportion of female students within academia and agriculture-related degrees is growing; however, women still face gender bias and report higher incidence of mental health symptomology during their enrollment. With this, there is a profound need to address mental health–related issues throughout higher education, especially for the female student population. Additionally, active learning approaches and high-impact practices such as flipped classrooms, animal handling courses, capstone experiences, internships, and undergraduate research have shown promising benefits when employed in dairy and animal science–related fields. Universities play a critical role in guiding the future leaders of the dairy industry into successful and fulfilling careers, and this review highlights some pertinent strategies to improve the engagement of dairy science undergraduate students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming the tradition of discrete milk yield correction factors: A continuous 1-step DeLorenzo-Wiggans method","authors":"Xiao-Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Malia J. Caputo ,&nbsp;George R. Wiggans ,&nbsp;H. Duane Norman ,&nbsp;Asha M. Miles ,&nbsp;Curtis P. Van Tassell ,&nbsp;Ransom L. Baldwin VI ,&nbsp;Michael M. Schutz ,&nbsp;Javier Burchard ,&nbsp;João Dürr","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0583","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, various methods have been proposed to estimate daily milk yields from partial yields. Many of these methods divide milking interval time into varied classes, assuming that the yield correction factors are constant within classes but vary between classes. The DeLorenzo and Wiggans (D-W) method has been widely used in the United States, typically following a 2-step process. It calculates discrete yield factors for segmented milking interval classes and then refines them through a follow-up smoothing step. Such a 2-step approach is computationally inefficient, and discrete yield correction factors introduce biases. This study explored strategies to integrate continuous yield factors into established methods, exemplified by the D-W method. The renovated method, also called the polynomial-interaction regression model, postulates multiplicative yield correction factors as a linear or quadratic function of milking interval time, operating on interactions with partial yields. It uses all available data in a single step, exhibiting greater computability efficiency and higher estimation accuracy. A reparameterization leads to a linear model, making estimating the model parameters convenient. We evaluated the performance of the revised methods using a previous dataset of milking records from Holstein cows compared with some existing methods. The results showed that the refurbished model gave more accurate estimates of daily milk yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Cutibacterium acnes AP1, a rumen bacterium that forms trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid","authors":"Timothy J. Hackmann,&nbsp;Marcelo Saldivia,&nbsp;Lynn Wolfe,&nbsp;Hannah De Groot,&nbsp;Jingyi Yang,&nbsp;Payam Vahmani","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0598","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some microbes in the rumen form <em>trans-</em>10,<em>cis-</em>12 (<em>t</em>10,<em>c</em>12)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid that depresses synthesis of milk fat in dairy cattle and other lactating animals. Despite their importance to milk fat depression, the microbes responsible have been difficult to identify, and no laboratory strain is currently available for study. Here we describe the isolation of <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> AP1, a bacterium that forms <em>t</em>10,<em>c</em>12-CLA at fast rates. It was isolated from rumen contents of a heifer by using medium containing lactate and metronidazole. It formed <em>t</em>10,<em>c</em>12-CLA from linoleic acid, a result confirmed by a combination of 3 methods (spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, and GC). The initial rate of formation was 67% faster than for <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> DSM 1897, the type strain from human skin. The availability of this isolate and its ability to rapidly form <em>t</em>10,<em>c</em>12-CLA make it a good subject for further study. Such study could help control formation of <em>t</em>10,<em>c</em>12-CLA in the rumen and alleviate milk fat depression in milk cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between pyrimidines, purines, and fatty acids in milk of dairy cows fed distinct carbohydrate types: A metabolomic approach","authors":"Giulio Giagnoni ,&nbsp;Martin Riis Weisbjerg ,&nbsp;Michela Errico ,&nbsp;Marco Lapris ,&nbsp;Nina Aagaard Poulsen ,&nbsp;Julia Prangchat Stub Thomsen ,&nbsp;Antonio Gallo ,&nbsp;Gabriele Rocchetti","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0612","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in the milk metabolome of dairy cows fed different carbohydrate types from silages and concentrates, with special focus on purines and pyrimidines, likely associated with the microbial activity in the rumen. Furthermore, the relationship between the milk fatty acids and pyrimidine and purine metabolism retrieved in milk was investigated for potential correlations between these 2 groups of potential milk biomarkers. Twenty-four lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design, where each cow received 2 of 4 diets. Diets were formulated based on a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement, using either grass-clover or corn silage as a forage source, and barley or dried beet pulp in the concentrate fraction. Fatty acids and liquid chromatography-MS metabolome of the milk were analyzed. The milk metabolome and fatty acid concentration could differentiate the 4 diets used in the trial, whereas the milk metabolome alone could only differentiate the 2 silage types. Milk odd-chain fatty acids (C17:1 and C17:0) were correlated with pyrimidine and purine derivatives, with uric acid being significantly higher in milk samples associated with corn silage diets. Therefore, the results indicate potential differences in microbial protein synthesis between the diets, but a validation with actual ruminal microbial protein synthesis and investigation in digestive biofluids are necessary for further confirmation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing butter firmness with chemically esterified butter oil","authors":"Talia Katz,&nbsp;Shoshana Ginsburg,&nbsp;Rafael Jimenez-Flores","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0597","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a consumer-centric environment, food products are created and focused on the consumer's experience and desires. One important food product used around the world is butter. Consumers expect that when they take their butter out of the refrigerator, it will be able to spread nicely and evenly; however, with conventional butter, which does not include any added vegetable oils, achieving a soft, spreadable butter is rare. This work seeks to contribute to the pool of knowledge regarding the role of catalysts in effecting butter spreadability. To meet consumer expectations, utilizing catalysts in the esterification process with butter oil has proven successful in changing the lipid structure, enabling the possibility of a softer butter. The comparison of utilizing no catalysts and 2 different catalysts, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, during the chemical esterification process showed that the use of potassium hydroxide catalyst resulted in the least firm and lowest solid fat content butter. These findings demonstrate the potential for industrial use of esterified butter oil using potassium hydroxide in commercial butter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 13-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) milk protein yield prediction model with data from Brazilian commercial farms","authors":"Jorge Henrique Carneiro ,&nbsp;João Pedro Andrade Rezende ,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Almeida ,&nbsp;Marina de Arruda Camargo Danes","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0636","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM, 2021) milk protein yield (MPY) prediction equation includes independent and additive effects of digestible energy intake and absorbed EAA. Our objective was to evaluate the NASEM MPY prediction and EAA use efficiency in Holstein cows in pens from commercial farms. Data collected from 12 Brazilian herds were used. All cows were housed in a freestall or compost barn and fed TMR. For each of the 89 pens (a total of 8,345 cows, 50–325 cows per pen), data on milk production and composition, DMI, DIM, parity, BW, and diet composition were compiled. Data from each pen were entered in NASEM software to predict MPY and efficiency of utilization for each EAA. Pens were divided by observed MPY levels in 3 clusters: low = 970, medium = 1,196, and high = 1,524 g/d MPY, representing the mean values for each cluster. Within each cluster, NASEM MPY prediction was compared with the observed MPY using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of cluster and the random effects of farm and pen nested within farm was used to compare the number of protein sources used in the diets and EAA efficiency by cluster. Overall prediction performance of the NASEM MPY equation was best for the low MPY cluster relative to medium and high ones (CCC = 0.73, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively), with high accuracy (RMSE = 62.9 g/d, 6.5% of the mean) and moderate precision (R² = 0.57). On the other hand, despite lower precision (R² = 0.39), accuracy was also high for the medium cluster (RMSE = 95.6 g/d, 8% of the mean). Finally, prediction for the high MPY cluster had the highest precision (R² = 0.74), but the lowest accuracy (RMSE = 224.7 g/d, 14.7% of the mean). The number of protein sources in the diets was greater in the high and medium productions clusters compared with the low production cluster (4.1, 3.9, and 3.0 sources, respectively; SEM = 0.33). Increasing the production level of the cluster linearly increased the EAA use efficiency of all EAA. The greater pull effect in the higher production groups and the better combination of AA from more protein sources could explain better AA efficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}