{"title":"Toward a Biologically Plausible SNN-Based Associative Memory with Context-Dependent Hebbian Connectivity.","authors":"S Yu Makovkin, S Yu Gordleeva, I A Kastalskiy","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065725500273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we propose a spiking neural network model with Hebbian connectivity for implementing energy-efficient associative memory, whose activity is determined by input stimuli. The model consists of three interacting layers of Hodgkin-Huxley-Mainen spiking neurons with excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections. Information patterns are stored in memory using a symmetric Hebbian matrix and can be retrieved in response to a specific stimulus pattern. Binary images are encoded using in-phase and anti-phase oscillations relative to a global clock signal. Utilizing the phase-locking effect allows for cluster synchronization of neurons (both on the input and output layers). Interneurons in the intermediate layer filter signal propagation pathways depending on the context of the input layer, effectively engaging only a portion of the synaptic connections within the Hebbian matrix for recognition. The stability of the oscillation phase is investigated for both in-phase and anti-phase synchronization modes when recognizing direct and inverse images. This context-dependent effect opens promising avenues for the development of analog hardware circuits for energy-efficient neurocomputing applications, potentially leading to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and cognitive computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio Diez-Hermano, Gonzalo Aparicio-Rodriguez, Paloma Manubens, Abel Sanchez-Jimenez, Carlos Calvo-Tapia, David Levcik, José Antonio Villacorta-Atienza
{"title":"Minimal Neural Network Conditions for Encoding Future Interactions.","authors":"Sergio Diez-Hermano, Gonzalo Aparicio-Rodriguez, Paloma Manubens, Abel Sanchez-Jimenez, Carlos Calvo-Tapia, David Levcik, José Antonio Villacorta-Atienza","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500169","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Space and time are fundamental attributes of the external world. Deciphering the brain mechanisms involved in processing the surrounding environment is one of the main challenges in neuroscience. This is particularly defiant when situations change rapidly over time because of the intertwining of spatial and temporal information. However, understanding the cognitive processes that allow coping with dynamic environments is critical, as the nervous system evolved in them due to the pressure for survival. Recent experiments have revealed a new cognitive mechanism called time compaction. According to it, a dynamic situation is represented internally by a static map of the future interactions between the perceived elements (including the subject itself). The salience of predicted interactions (e.g. collisions) over other spatiotemporal and dynamic attributes during the processing of time-changing situations has been shown in humans, rats, and bats. Motivated by this ubiquity, we study an artificial neural network to explore its minimal conditions necessary to represent a dynamic stimulus through the future interactions present in it. We show that, under general and simple conditions, the neural activity linked to the predicted interactions emerges to encode the perceived dynamic stimulus. Our results show that this encoding improves learning, memorization and decision making when dealing with stimuli with impending interactions compared to no-interaction stimuli. These findings are in agreement with theoretical and experimental results that have supported time compaction as a novel and ubiquitous cognitive process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online and Cross-User Finger Movement Pattern Recognition by Decoding Neural Drive Information from Surface Electromyogram.","authors":"Haowen Zhao, Yunfei Liu, Xinhui Li, Xiang Chen, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500145","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-user variability is a well-known challenge that leads to severe performance degradation and impacts the robustness of practical myoelectric control systems. To address this issue, a novel method for myoelectric recognition of finger movement patterns is proposed by incorporating a neural decoding approach with unsupervised domain adaption (UDA) learning. In our method, the neural decoding approach is implemented by extracting microscopic features characterizing individual motor unit (MU) activities obtained from a two-stage online surface electromyogram (SEMG) decomposition. A specific deep learning model is designed and initially trained using labeled data from a set of existing users. The model can update adaptively when recognizing the movement patterns of a new user. The final movement pattern was determined by a fuzzy weighted decision strategy. SEMG signals were collected from the finger extensor muscles of 15 subjects to detect seven dexterous finger-movement patterns. The proposed method achieved a movement pattern recognition accuracy of ([Formula: see text])% over seven movements under cross-user testing scenarios, much higher than that of the conventional methods using global SEMG features. Our study presents a novel robust myoelectric pattern recognition approach at a fine-grained MU level, with wide applications in neural interface and prosthesis control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Architecture Knowledge Distillation for Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Network.","authors":"Yu Xue, Yan Lin, Ferrante Neri","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500133","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are effective for image generation, but their unstable training limits broader applications. Additionally, neural architecture search (NAS) for GANs with one-shot models often leads to insufficient subnet training, where subnets inherit weights from a supernet without proper optimization, further degrading performance. To address both issues, we propose Architecture Knowledge Distillation for Evolutionary GAN (AKD-EGAN). AKD-EGAN operates in two stages. First, architecture knowledge distillation (AKD) is used during supernet training to efficiently optimize subnetworks and accelerate learning. Second, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) searches for optimal subnet architectures, ensuring efficiency by considering multiple performance metrics. This approach, combined with a strategy for architecture inheritance, enhances GAN stability and image quality. Experiments show that AKD-EGAN surpasses state-of-the-art methods, achieving a Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) of 7.91 and an Inception Score (IS) of 8.97 on CIFAR-10, along with competitive results on STL-10 (FID: 20.32, IS: 10.06). Code and models will be available at https://github.com/njit-ly/AKD-EGAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"End-User Confidence in Artificial Intelligence-Based Predictions Applied to Biomedical Data.","authors":"Zvi Kam, Lorenzo Peracchio, Giovanna Nicora","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500170","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing biomedical research and healthcare by offering data-driven predictions that assist in diagnoses. Supervised learning systems are trained on large datasets to predict outcomes for new test cases. However, they typically do not provide an indication of the reliability of these predictions, even though error estimates are integral to model development. Here, we introduce a novel method to identify regions in the feature space that diverge from training data, where an AI model may perform poorly. We utilize a compact precompiled structure that allows for fast and direct access to confidence scores in real time at the point of use without requiring access to the training data or model algorithms. As a result, users can determine when to trust the AI model's outputs, while developers can identify where the model's applicability is limited. We validate our approach using simulated data and several biomedical case studies, demonstrating that our approach provides fast confidence estimates ([Formula: see text] milliseconds per case), with high concordance to previously developed methods (<i>f</i>-[Formula: see text]). These estimates can be easily added to real-world AI applications. We argue that providing confidence estimates should be a standard practice for all AI applications in public use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":"35 4","pages":"2550017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency-Assisted Local Attention in Lower Layers of Visual Transformers.","authors":"Xin Zhou, Zeyu Jiang, Shihua Zhou, Zhaohui Ren, Yongchao Zhang, Tianzhuang Yu, Yulin Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500157","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since vision transformers excel at establishing global relationships between features, they play an important role in current vision tasks. However, the global attention mechanism restricts the capture of local features, making convolutional assistance necessary. This paper indicates that transformer-based models can attend to local information without using convolutional blocks, similar to convolutional kernels, by employing a special initialization method. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel hybrid multi-scale model called Frequency-Assisted Local Attention Transformer (FALAT). FALAT introduces a Frequency-Assisted Window-based Positional Self-Attention (FWPSA) module that limits the attention distance of query tokens, enabling the capture of local contents in the early stage. The information from value tokens in the frequency domain enhances information diversity during self-attention computation. Additionally, the traditional convolutional method is replaced with a depth-wise separable convolution to downsample in the spatial reduction attention module for long-distance contents in the later stages. Experimental results demonstrate that FALAT-S achieves 83.0% accuracy on IN-1k with an input size of [Formula: see text] using 29.9[Formula: see text]M parameters and 5.6[Formula: see text]G FLOPs. This model outperforms the Next-ViT-S by 0.9[Formula: see text]AP<sup><i>b</i></sup>/0.8[Formula: see text]AP<sup><i>m</i></sup> with Mask-R-CNN [Formula: see text] on COCO and surpasses the recent FastViT-SA36 by 3.1% mIoU with FPN on ADE20k.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahrul Jannat Peya, Mahfuza Akter Maria, Sk Imran Hossain, M A H Akhand, Nazmul Siddique
{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Prominent Connectivity Features from Electroencephalography.","authors":"Zahrul Jannat Peya, Mahfuza Akter Maria, Sk Imran Hossain, M A H Akhand, Nazmul Siddique","doi":"10.1142/S012906572550011X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S012906572550011X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder of brain growth with great variability whose clinical presentation initially shows up during early stages or youth, and ASD follows a repetitive pattern of behavior in most cases. Accurate diagnosis of ASD has been difficult in clinical practice as there is currently no valid indicator of ASD. Since ASD is regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder, brain signals specially electroencephalography (EEG) are an effective method for detecting ASD. Therefore, this research aims at developing a method of extracting features from EEG signal for discriminating between ASD and control subjects. This study applies six prominent connectivity features, namely Cross Correlation (XCOR), Phase Locking Value (PLV), Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Mutual Information (MI), Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and Transfer Entropy (TE), for feature extraction. The Connectivity Feature Maps (CFMs) are constructed and used for classification through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). As CFMs contain spatial information, they are able to distinguish ASD and control subjects better than other features. Rigorous experimentation has been performed on the EEG datasets collected from Italy and Saudi Arabia according to different criteria. MI feature shows the best result for categorizing ASD and control participants with increased sample size and segmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":"35 3","pages":"2550011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Versatility of Spiking Neural Networks: Applications Across Diverse Scenarios.","authors":"Matteo Cavaleri, Claudio Zandron","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500078","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last few decades, Artificial Neural Networks have become more and more important, evolving into a powerful tool to implement learning algorithms. Spiking neural networks represent the third generation of Artificial Neural Networks; they have earned growing significance due to their remarkable achievements in pattern recognition, finding extensive utility across diverse domains such as e.g. diagnostic medicine. Usually, Spiking Neural Networks are slightly less accurate than other Artificial Neural Networks, but they require a reduced amount of energy to perform calculations; this amount of energy further reduces in a very significant manner if they are implemented on hardware specifically designed for them, like neuromorphic hardware. In this work, we focus on exploring the versatility of Spiking Neural Networks and their potential applications across a range of scenarios by exploiting their adaptability and dynamic processing capabilities, which make them suitable for various tasks. A first rough network is designed based on the dataset's general attributes; the network is then refined through an extensive grid search algorithm to identify the optimal values for hyperparameters. This dual-step process ensures that the Spiking Neural Network can be tailored to diverse and potentially very different situations in a direct and intuitive manner. We test this by considering three different scenarios: epileptic seizure detection, both considering binary and multi-classification tasks, as well as wine classification. The proposed methodology turned out to be highly effective in binary class scenarios: the Spiking Neural Networks models achieved significantly lower energy consumption compared to Artificial Neural Networks while approaching nearly 100% accuracy. In the case of multi-class classification, the model achieved an accuracy of approximately 90%, thus indicating that it can still be further improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the Differential Efficiency of Dorsal and Ventral Pathways in Visual Semantic Decoding.","authors":"Wei Huang, Ying Tang, Sizhuo Wang, Jingpeng Li, Kaiwen Cheng, Hongmei Yan","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500091","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual semantic decoding aims to extract perceived semantic information from the visual responses of the human brain and convert it into interpretable semantic labels. Although significant progress has been made in semantic decoding across individual visual cortices, studies on the semantic decoding of the ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways remain limited. This study proposed a graph neural network (GNN)-based semantic decoding model on a natural scene dataset (NSD) to investigate the decoding differences between the dorsal and ventral pathways in process various parts of speech, including verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Our results indicate that the decoding accuracies for verbs and nouns with motion attributes were significantly higher for the dorsal pathway as compared to those for the ventral pathway. Comparative analyses reveal that the dorsal pathway significantly outperformed the ventral pathway in terms of decoding performance for verbs and nouns with motion attributes, with evidence showing that this superiority largely stemmed from higher-level visual cortices rather than lower-level ones. Furthermore, these two pathways appear to converge in their heightened sensitivity toward semantic content related to actions. These findings reveal unique visual neural mechanisms through which the dorsal and ventral cortical pathways segregate and converge when processing stimuli with different semantic categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":" ","pages":"2550009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Placidi, Luigi Cinque, Gian Luca Foresti, Francesca Galassi, Filippo Mignosi, Michele Nappi, Matteo Polsinelli
{"title":"A Context-Dependent CNN-Based Framework for Multiple Sclerosis Segmentation in MRI.","authors":"Giuseppe Placidi, Luigi Cinque, Gian Luca Foresti, Francesca Galassi, Filippo Mignosi, Michele Nappi, Matteo Polsinelli","doi":"10.1142/S0129065725500066","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0129065725500066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite several automated strategies for identification/segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) being developed, they consistently fall short when compared to the performance of human experts. This emphasizes the unique skills and expertise of human professionals in dealing with the uncertainty resulting from the vagueness and variability of MS, the lack of specificity of MRI concerning MS, and the inherent instabilities of MRI. Physicians manage this uncertainty in part by relying on their radiological, clinical, and anatomical experience. We have developed an automated framework for identifying and segmenting MS lesions in MRI scans by introducing a novel approach to replicating human diagnosis, a significant advancement in the field. This framework has the potential to revolutionize the way MS lesions are identified and segmented, being based on three main concepts: (1) Modeling the uncertainty; (2) Use of separately trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) optimized for detecting lesions, also considering their context in the brain, and to ensure spatial continuity; (3) Implementing an ensemble classifier to combine information from these CNNs. The proposed framework has been trained, validated, and tested on a single MRI modality, the FLuid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) of the MSSEG benchmark public data set containing annotated data from seven expert radiologists and one ground truth. The comparison with the ground truth and each of the seven human raters demonstrates that it operates similarly to human raters. At the same time, the proposed model demonstrates more stability, effectiveness and robustness to biases than any other state-of-the-art model though using just the FLAIR modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94052,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neural systems","volume":"35 3","pages":"2550006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}