ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400014
Sean Hoeger, Lisa A. Drake, J. Drake
{"title":"Proximity-Based Labeling Identifies MHC Class II and CD37 as B Cell Receptor-Proximal Proteins with Immunological Functions.","authors":"Sean Hoeger, Lisa A. Drake, J. Drake","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2400014","url":null,"abstract":"The BCR allows for Ag-driven B cell activation and subsequent Ag endocytosis, processing, and presentation to recruit T cell help. Core drivers of BCR signaling and endocytosis are motifs within the receptor's cytoplasmic tail (primarily CD79). However, BCR function can be tuned by other proximal cellular elements, such as CD20 and membrane lipid microdomains. To identify additional proteins that could modulate BCR function, we used a proximity-based biotinylation technique paired with mass spectrometry to identify molecular neighbors of the murine IgM BCR. Those neighbors include MHC class II molecules, integrins, various transporters, and membrane microdomain proteins. Class II molecules, some of which are invariant chain-associated nascent class II, are a readily detected BCR neighbor. This finding is consistent with reports of BCR-class II association within intracellular compartments. The BCR is also in close proximity to multiple proteins involved in the formation of membrane microdomains, including CD37, raftlin, and Ig superfamily member 8. Known defects in T cell-dependent humoral immunity in CD37 knockout mice suggest a role for CD37 in BCR function. In line with this notion, CRISPR-based knockout of CD37 expression in a B cell line heightens BCR signaling, slows BCR endocytosis, and tempers formation of peptide-class II complexes. These results indicate that BCR molecular neighbors can impact membrane-mediated BCR functions. Overall, a proximity-based labeling technique allowed for identification of multiple previously unknown BCR molecular neighbors, including the tetraspanin protein CD37, which can modulate BCR function.","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"114 ","pages":"326-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400020
Mark H Kaplan
{"title":"On Rats with Oversized Genitalia and Other Submissions.","authors":"Mark H Kaplan","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400020","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300083
Haoran Yang, Naoki Iwanaga, Alexis R Katz, Andy R Ridley, Haiyan D Miller, Michaela J Allen, Dereck Pociask, Jay K Kolls
{"title":"Embigin Is Highly Expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells but Is Dispensable for Several T Cell Effector Responses.","authors":"Haoran Yang, Naoki Iwanaga, Alexis R Katz, Andy R Ridley, Haiyan D Miller, Michaela J Allen, Dereck Pociask, Jay K Kolls","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300083","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cell immunity, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, is critical to host immune responses to infection. Transcriptomic analyses of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of C57BL/6 mice show high expression the gene encoding embigin, Emb, which encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein. Moreover, we found that lung CD4+ Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells of C57BL/6 mice also express high levels of Emb. However, deletion of Emb in αβ T cells of C57BL/6 mice revealed that Emb is dispensable for thymic T cell development, generation of lung Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells, tissue-resident memory T cell homing to the lung, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, as well as clearance of pulmonary viral or fungal infection. Thus, based on this study, embigin appears to play a minor role if any in αβ T cell development or αβ T cell effector functions in C57BL/6 mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"242-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatty Acids Play a Critical Role in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Effector T Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease.","authors":"Hirofumi Nakano, Kazuya Sato, Junko Izawa, Norihito Takayama, Hiroko Hayakawa, Takashi Ikeda, Shin-Ichiro Kawaguchi, Kiyomi Mashima, Kento Umino, Kaoru Morita, Ryoji Ito, Nobuhiko Ohno, Kaoru Tominaga, Hitoshi Endo, Yoshinobu Kanda","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300115","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the role of aerobic glycolysis in activated T cells has been well characterized, whether and how fatty acids (FAs) contribute to donor T cell function in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is unclear. Using xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) models, this study demonstrated that exogenous FAs serve as a crucial source of mitochondrial respiration in donor T cells in humans. By comparing human T cells isolated from wild-type NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice with those from MHC class I/II-deficient NOG mice, we found that donor T cells increased extracellular FA uptake, the extent of which correlates with their proliferation, and continued to increase FA uptake during effector differentiation. Gene expression analysis showed the upregulation of a wide range of lipid metabolism-related genes, including lipid hydrolysis, mitochondrial FA transport, and FA oxidation. Extracellular flux analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial FA transport was required to fully achieve the mitochondrial maximal respiration rate and spare respiratory capacity, whereas the substantial disruption of glucose supply by either glucose deprivation or mitochondrial pyruvate transport blockade did not impair oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, FA-driven mitochondrial respiration is a hallmark that differentiates TCR-dependent T cell activation from TCR-independent immune response after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"228-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300109
Joshua S Mytych, Zijian Pan, Charmaine Lopez-Davis, Nancy Redinger, Christina Lawrence, Jadith Ziegler, Narcis I Popescu, Judith A James, A Darise Farris
{"title":"Peptidoglycan from Bacillus anthracis Inhibits Human Macrophage Efferocytosis in Part by Reducing Cell Surface Expression of MERTK and TIM-3.","authors":"Joshua S Mytych, Zijian Pan, Charmaine Lopez-Davis, Nancy Redinger, Christina Lawrence, Jadith Ziegler, Narcis I Popescu, Judith A James, A Darise Farris","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300109","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall and a key pathogen-associated molecular pattern contributing to anthrax pathology, including organ dysfunction and coagulopathy. Increases in apoptotic leukocytes are a late-stage feature of anthrax and sepsis, suggesting there is a defect in apoptotic clearance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that B. anthracis PGN inhibits the capacity of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MΦ) to efferocytose apoptotic cells. Exposure of CD163+CD206+ MΦ to PGN for 24 h impaired efferocytosis in a manner dependent on human serum opsonins but independent of complement component C3. PGN treatment reduced cell surface expression of the proefferocytic signaling receptors MERTK, TYRO3, AXL, integrin αVβ5, CD36, and TIM-3, whereas TIM-1, αVβ3, CD300b, CD300f, STABILIN-1, and STABILIN-2 were unaffected. ADAM17 is a major membrane-bound protease implicated in mediating efferocytotic receptor cleavage. We found multiple ADAM17-mediated substrates increased in PGN-treated supernatant, suggesting involvement of membrane-bound proteases. ADAM17 inhibitors TAPI-0 and Marimastat prevented TNF release, indicating effective protease inhibition, and modestly increased cell-surface levels of MerTK and TIM-3 but only partially restored efferocytic capacity by PGN-treated MΦ. We conclude that human serum factors are required for optimal recognition of PGN by human MΦ and that B. anthracis PGN inhibits efferocytosis in part by reducing cell surface expression of MERTK and TIM-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400003
Nicholas Magazine, Tianyi Zhang, Anang D Bungwon, Michael C McGee, Yingying Wu, Gianluca Veggiani, Weishan Huang
{"title":"Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development.","authors":"Nicholas Magazine, Tianyi Zhang, Anang D Bungwon, Michael C McGee, Yingying Wu, Gianluca Veggiani, Weishan Huang","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400003","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and virus immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination in humans. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the TLRs, B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300108
Ryan M Baxter, Berenice Cabrera-Martinez, Tusharkanti Ghosh, Cody Rester, Miguel Guerrero Moreno, Tyler L Borko, Sean Selva, Chelsie L Fleischer, Nicola Haakonsen, Ariana Mayher, Emily Bowhay, Courtney Evans, Todd M Miller, Leah Huey, Jennifer McWilliams, Adrie van Bokhoven, Kevin D Deane, Vijaya Knight, Kimberly R Jordan, Debashis Ghosh, Jared Klarquist, Ross M Kedl, Amanda L Piquet, Elena W Y Hsieh
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Elicited Immunity after B Cell Depletion in Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Ryan M Baxter, Berenice Cabrera-Martinez, Tusharkanti Ghosh, Cody Rester, Miguel Guerrero Moreno, Tyler L Borko, Sean Selva, Chelsie L Fleischer, Nicola Haakonsen, Ariana Mayher, Emily Bowhay, Courtney Evans, Todd M Miller, Leah Huey, Jennifer McWilliams, Adrie van Bokhoven, Kevin D Deane, Vijaya Knight, Kimberly R Jordan, Debashis Ghosh, Jared Klarquist, Ross M Kedl, Amanda L Piquet, Elena W Y Hsieh","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300108","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of B cell deficiency on the humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccination remains a challenging and significant clinical management question. We evaluated vaccine-elicited serological and cellular responses in 1) healthy individuals who were pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (n = 21), 2) healthy individuals who received a homologous booster (mRNA, n = 19; or Novavax, n = 19), and 3) persons with multiple sclerosis on B cell depletion therapy (MS-αCD20) receiving mRNA homologous boosting (n = 36). Pre-exposure increased humoral and CD4 T cellular responses in immunocompetent individuals. Novavax homologous boosting induced a significantly more robust serological response than mRNA boosting. MS-α CD20 had an intact IgA mucosal response and an enhanced CD8 T cell response to mRNA boosting compared with immunocompetent individuals. This enhanced cellular response was characterized by the expansion of only effector, not memory, T cells. The enhancement of CD8 T cells in the setting of B cell depletion suggests a regulatory mechanism between B and CD8 T cell vaccine responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"254-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300079
Breanna Caruso, Benjamin R Weeder, Reid F Thompson, Amy E Moran
{"title":"PD-1 Limits IL-2 Production and Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development.","authors":"Breanna Caruso, Benjamin R Weeder, Reid F Thompson, Amy E Moran","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300079","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibitory proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), have been studied extensively in peripheral T cell responses to foreign Ags, self-Ags, and neoantigens. Notably, these proteins are first expressed during T cell development in the thymus. Reports suggest that PD-1 limits regulatory T cell (Treg) development, but the mechanism by which PD-1 exerts this function remains unknown. The present study expands the evaluation of murine PD-1 and its ligands in the thymus, demonstrating that some of the highest expressers of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 are agonist selected cells. Surprisingly, we reveal a selective role for PD-1 in regulating the developmental niche only for Tregs because other agonist selected cell populations, such as NK T cells, remain unchanged. We also ruled out PD-1 as a regulator of proliferation or cell death of agonist selected Tregs and further demonstrated that PD-1-deficient Tregs have reduced TCR signaling. Unexpectedly, the data suggest that PD-1-deficient thymocytes produce elevated levels of IL-2, a Treg niche-limiting cytokine. Collectively, these data suggest a novel role for PD-1 in regulating IL-2 production and the concurrent agonist selection of murine thymic Tregs. This observation has implications for the use of checkpoint blockade in the context of cancer and infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 3","pages":"281-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400004
Yuhang Wang
{"title":"Erdr1 Drives Macrophage Programming via Dynamic Interplay with YAP1 and Mid1.","authors":"Yuhang Wang","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400004","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2400004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is a stress-induced, widely expressed, highly conserved secreted factor found in both humans and mice. Erdr1 is linked with the Hippo-YAP1 signaling. Initially identified as an inducer of hemoglobin synthesis, Erdr1 emerged as a multifunctional protein, especially in immune cells. Although Erdr1 has been implicated in regulating T cells and NK cell function, its role in macrophage remains unclear. This study explored the function and mechanism of Erdr1 in macrophage inflammatory response. The data demonstrated that Erdr1 could promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production, a function that also has been reported by previous research. However, I found Erdr1 also could play a proinflammatory role. The function of Erdr1 in macrophages depends on its dose and cell density. I observed that Erdr1 expression was inhibited in M1 macrophages but was upregulated in M2 macrophages compared with unpolarized macrophages. I hypothesized that Erdr1 balances the inflammatory response by binding with distinct adaptors dependent on varying concentrations. Mechanistically, I demonstrated YAP1 and Mid1 as the two adaptor proteins of Erdr1. The Erdr1-YAP1 interaction promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are elevated, whereas the Erdr1-Mid1 interaction induces proinflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are decreased. This study highlights the effects of Erdr1 on regulating cytokine production from polarized macrophages potentially by regulating YAP1 in the nonclassical Hippo pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 2","pages":"198-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ImmunoHorizonsPub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093
Young Min Son, In Su Cheon, Chaofan Li, Jie Sun
{"title":"Persistent B Cell-Derived MHC Class II Signaling Is Required for the Optimal Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Helper T Cells.","authors":"Young Min Son, In Su Cheon, Chaofan Li, Jie Sun","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093","DOIUrl":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging studies have identified the critical roles of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) and B (BRM) cells in the protection against mucosal viral infections, but the underlying mechanisms regulating robust development of TRM and BRM cells remain incompletely understood. We have recently shown that tissue-resident helper CD4+ T (TRH) cells, developed following influenza virus infection, function to sustain the optimal maintenance of TRM and BRM cells at the mucosal surface. In this study, we have explored the cellular and molecular cues modulating lung TRH persistence after influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. We found that TRH cells were colocalized in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with local B cells. Abolishing TLSs or the depletion of B cells impaired lung TRH cell numbers. Of note, we found that persistent TCR signaling is needed for the maintenance of TRH cells after the clearance of infectious influenza virus. Furthermore, selective ablation of B cell-derived MHC class II resulted in partial reduction of lung TRH cell number after influenza infection. Our findings suggest that the interaction between lung-resident TRH cells and B cells, along with persistent Ag stimulation, is required to maintain TRH cells after respiratory viral infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":"8 2","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}